02 - Input Basics

7/28/2019 02 - Input Basics

1/35

CAESAR IICAESAR II

Input Basics WorkshopInput Basics Workshop

Input Basics 2

Getting StartedGetting Started

zz Start CAESAR IIStart CAESAR II

zz Set the workingSet the working

folderfolder

zz Open a new jobOpen a new job

zz

Check unitsCheck unitszz Build dataBuild data


2/35

Input Basics 3

Work FlowWork Flow1)1) Markup the DrawingMarkup the Drawing

2)2) Build and Review the ModelBuild and Review the Model

3)3) Error Check the ModelError Check the Model

4)4) Review/Edit Load CasesReview/Edit Load Cases

5)5) Run the AnalysesRun the Analyses

6)6) Review ResultsReview Results

33

55

44

66

Input Basics 4

Getting HelpGetting Help

zz User Guide , Technical Reference,User Guide , Technical Reference,

Application GuideApplication Guide

zz OnOn--line documentationline documentation

zz F1 on the cell of interestF1 on the cell of interest

zz

Tool tips show dimensionsTool tips show dimensions


3/35

Input Basics 5

CAESAR II Main MenuCAESAR II Main MenuLocateLocate

working folderworking folder

Identify VersionIdentify Version

& Build& Build

Menu BarMenu Bar

ToolbarToolbar

Input Basics 6

Input SpreadsheetInput Spreadsheet

1920x1200 screen resolution1920x1200 screen resolution

(reduced to 33% here)(reduced to 33% here)


4/35

Input Basics 7

Input SpreadsheetInput Spreadsheet

1280x10241280x1024

(reduced to 40% here)(reduced to 40% here)

Input Basics 8

Manipulating the DisplayManipulating the Display


5/35

Input Basics 9

Graphics onlyGraphics only

Input Basics 10

Tearing the InputTearing the Input


6/35

Input Basics 11

Input ToolsInput Tools

zz Toolbars can beToolbars can beconveniently arrangedconveniently arrangedaround the window.around the window.

zz There are three tool barThere are three tool bargroups:groups: Main MenuMain Menu

InputInput

PlotPlot

Input Basics 12

Main MenuMain MenuToolsTools


7/35

Input Basics 13

Input / Edit / List ToolsInput / Edit / List Tools

Input Basics 14

Plot ToolsPlot Tools


8/35

Input Basics 15

Input StrategyInput Strategyzz The physical system is represented byThe physical system is represented by

the assembly of simplethe assembly of simplestickstickelementselements

zz Node numbers identify the ends of allNode numbers identify the ends of all

these elementsthese elements

zz Each piping element is defined in aEach piping element is defined in a

piping spreadsheetpiping spreadsheet

Input Basics 16

Piping Spreadsheet LayoutPiping Spreadsheet Layout


9/35

Input Basics 17

Point vs. CarryPoint vs. Carry--Forward DataForward Datazz Entered data isEntered data is

automaticallyautomaticallycarriedcarried

forwardforwardto the nextto the next

element whereelement where

appropriate.appropriate.

zz CarryCarry--forward items areforward items are

highlighted in red.highlighted in red.

zz

Point data applies to thisPoint data applies to thiselement only (shown inelement only (shown in

yellow).yellow).

Input Basics 18

Moving Around SpreadsheetsMoving Around Spreadsheets

HomeHome

PgUpPgUp

PgDnPgDn

EndEnd

(or Mouse Wheel)(or Mouse Wheel)

PreviousPrevious

FirstFirst

NextNext

LastLast

Next, or, if Last,Next, or, if Last,

CreateCreate NextNext

If Last,If Last,

DuplicateDuplicate


10/35

Input Basics 19

Deleting Spreadsheets & DataDeleting Spreadsheets & Datazz D orD or

Erases the current spreadsheet/element.Erases the current spreadsheet/element.

zz Delete KeyDelete KeyErases the current (highlighted) cell. This key is used to erasErases the current (highlighted) cell. This key is used to erase errante errant

data in particular fields rather than entire spreadsheets.data in particular fields rather than entire spreadsheets.

zz DoubleDouble--click Check Box / Clickclick Check Box / ClickAux ToolsAux ToolsDeletes auxiliary items and their associated information. A douDeletes auxiliary items and their associated information. A doubleble--click on the check box or pressing the spacebar for the highlighclick on the check box or pressing the spacebar for the highlightedtedcheckbox will toggle the entry. Clicking ancheckbox will toggle the entry. Clicking anAux ToolsAux Toolsbutton willbutton willtoggle the current entry.toggle the current entry.

Input Basics 20

Pipe LengthPipe Length -- DX, DY & DZDX, DY & DZ

InputEnglishOutput (ft.-in.)

SIOutput (m-cm)

mmOutput (mm-mm)

6 6 in. 6 cm 6 mm

6-0 6 ft. 6 m 6 mm

6- 6 ft. 6 m 6 mm

6.3- 6 ft. 3.6 in. 630 cm 6.3 mm

6-10 6 ft. 10 in. 610 cm 16 mm

6-10-1/4 6 ft 10.25 in. 610.25 cm 16.25 mm

zz Cell Math (English):Cell Math (English):

Addition: 6Addition: 6--10+610+6--2 = (6 ft. 10 in.) + (6 ft. 2 in.) = 13 ft.2 = (6 ft. 10 in.) + (6 ft. 2 in.) = 13 ft.

Subtraction:Subtraction: --1010--3+23+2--5 =5 = -- (10 ft. 3 in.) + (2 ft. 5 in.) =(10 ft. 3 in.) + (2 ft. 5 in.) = --7 ft. 10 in.7 ft. 10 in.


11/35

Input Basics 21

Available Nominal Pipe ODAvailable Nominal Pipe ODsszzANSI (inches)ANSI (inches) Units: EnglishUnits: English

0.5 0.750.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 161 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16

18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 4218 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 42

zz JIS (millimeters)JIS (millimeters) Units:SIUnits:SI15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200 25015 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 90 100 125 150 200 250

300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650

zz DIN (millimeters)DIN (millimeters) Units: mmUnits: mm

15 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 30015 20 25 32 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600

1800 2000 22001800 2000 2200

Input Basics 22

Available Pipe SchedulesAvailable Pipe Schedules

zzAANNSSIIAANNSSII BB3366..1100 SStteeeell PPiippee NNoommiinnaallss:: SS XXSS XXXXSS

AANNSSII BB3366..1100 SStteeeell PPiippee NNuummbbeerrss:: 1100 2200 3300 4400 6600 8800 110000 112200 114400 116600

AANNSSII BB3366..1199 SSSS PPiippee NNuummbbeerrss:: 55SS 1100SS 4400SS 8800SS

zz JJIISSJJIISS 11999900 SStteeeell PPiippee NNuummbbeerrss:: 1100 2200 3300 4400 6600 8800 110000 112200 114400 116600

JJIISS 11999900 SSSS PPiippee NNuummbbeerrss:: 55SS 1100SS 4400SS

zzDDIINNTThhee DDIINN ssppeecciiffiiccaattiioonn ddooeess nnoott iinncclluuddee sscchheedduullee nnuummbbeerrss.. EEnntteerriinngg SS

oobbttaaiinnss aa ssttaannddaarrdd wwaallll tthhiicckknneessss ffoorr eeaacchh oofftthhee 2288 nnoommiinnaall ddiiaammeetteerrss..


12/35

Input Basics 23

Typical Restraint DefinitionsTypical Restraint Definitions

Input Basics 24

NonNon--Linear Conditions in CAESAR IILinear Conditions in CAESAR II

zz Terminology applies to restraint definitions orTerminology applies to restraint definitions orboundary conditions.boundary conditions.

zz The piping system boundary conditions (i.e.The piping system boundary conditions (i.e.the restraints) are represented asthe restraints) are represented as stiffnessesstiffnesses,,or springs, in the equation being solved:or springs, in the equation being solved:[K]{x} = {f}.[K]{x} = {f}.

zz A constant value for stiffness K models aA constant value for stiffness K models alinear boundary. Piping systems havelinear boundary. Piping systems haverestraint conditions that change; theserestraint conditions that change; thesenonlinearnonlinearrestraints are more complex.restraints are more complex.


13/35

Input Basics 25

Linear vs. NonLinear vs. Non--LinearLinear

zz Example of a linear boundaryExample of a linear boundary

conditions include a doubleconditions include a double

acting rigid restraint, such as aacting rigid restraint, such as a

YYsupport or a spring hanger.support or a spring hanger.

zz The force versus displacementThe force versus displacement

curve for these restraints is acurve for these restraints is a

straight linestraight line linear.linear.

zz

The slope of the line is theThe slope of the line is thestiffness.stiffness.

Input Basics 26


zzAA+Y+Ysupport is a nonsupport is a non--linearlinear

support.support.

zz Its forceIts force vsvs displacementdisplacement

curve is not a straight line.curve is not a straight line.

zz Stiffness only exists forStiffness only exists for

negative displacements.negative displacements.

zz For positive displacements, theFor positive displacements, thestiffness is zero.stiffness is zero.


14/35

Input Basics 27


zzAAgapgapis also a nonis also a non--linearlinear

support.support.

zz The force vs. displacementThe force vs. displacement

curve is not a straight line.curve is not a straight line.

zz There is no added stiffnessThere is no added stiffness

in the gapin the gap..

Input Basics 28

Other NonOther Non--Linear ConditionsLinear Conditions

zz FrictionFriction

zz Large rotation rodsLarge rotation rods

zz BiBi--linear restraintslinear restraints


15/35

Input Basics 29

Connecting NodesConnecting Nodes

Input Basics 30

Connecting NodesConnecting Nodes

zz These two models areThese two models are

structurally identical.structurally identical.

zz The model at right has anThe model at right has an

ANCHOR at 55 with aANCHOR at 55 with a

CNODE of 56. There is NOCNODE of 56. There is NO

element 55element 55 -- 56.56.

zz The anchor will now showThe anchor will now showthetheinternalinternalloads of 55loads of 55

on 56.on 56.


16/35

Input Basics 31

Connecting NodesConnecting Nodeszz CNODEsCNODEs are a very flexible, useful feature ofare a very flexible, useful feature of

CAESAR II.CAESAR II.

zz Think of a CNODE as:Think of a CNODE as:

aaball & socket jointball & socket joint, some, some DOFsDOFs are relatedare related

(such as translation), while others are not (such(such as translation), while others are not (such

as rotation)as rotation)

oror

the other end of the restraint.the other end of the restraint.

zz A restraint with CNODE can even replace aA restraint with CNODE can even replace a

pipe element.pipe element.

Input Basics 32

Insulation & Fluid DensityInsulation & Fluid Density

zz InsulationInsulation If insulation density is left blank, CAESAR II will use theIf insulation density is left blank, CAESAR II will use the

density of calcium silicate (0.00665 lbf./cu.in.) with thedensity of calcium silicate (0.00665 lbf./cu.in.) with the

insulation thickness to determine insulation weight.insulation thickness to determine insulation weight.

Refractory lining can be included using a negative insulationRefractory lining can be included using a negative insulation

thickness. The volume will be calculated by projecting thethickness. The volume will be calculated by projecting the

thickness inside rather than outside the pipe.thickness inside rather than outside the pipe.

zz FluidFluid Fluid density may be entered directly in terms of specificFluid density may be entered directly in terms of specific

gravity by following the number withgravity by following the number withSGSG, as in 0.8SG., as in 0.8SG.

Specific gravity is immediately converted to density.Specific gravity is immediately converted to density.


17/35

Input Basics 33

Rigid Element CharacteristicsRigid Element Characteristicszz Stiffness based on 10Stiffness based on 10

times wall thicknesstimes wall thicknesszz If WEIGHT > 0If WEIGHT > 0

Total Weight =Total Weight =

specified weightspecified weight

++ fluid weightfluid weight

++ 1.751.75 ** insulation thicknessinsulation thickness

(based on specified OD)(based on specified OD)

zz If WEIGHT = 0If WEIGHT = 0

Total Weight = 0Total Weight = 0,,regardless of specified fluid &regardless of specified fluid &

insulationinsulation

Input Basics 34

Valve/Flange DatabasesValve/Flange Databases

CAESAR II providesCAESAR II provides

several databasesseveral databases

containing rigid length &containing rigid length &

weight. CADWORX &weight. CADWORX &

CRANE provide catalogCRANE provide catalog

data. GENERIC &data. GENERIC &

NOFLANGE containNOFLANGE contain

simpler data.simpler data.

Be aware of the lengthsBe aware of the lengths

used by CAESAR II...used by CAESAR II...


18/35

Input Basics 35

Bend Element BasicsBend Element Basicszz Bends can only be defined on theBends can only be defined on the

element entering the bend (at theelement entering the bend (at theToToNodeNode).).

zz The two elements which contain theThe two elements which contain thebend must be contiguous.bend must be contiguous.

zz The layout of the two elementsThe layout of the two elements

containing the bend, define the bendcontaining the bend, define the bendangle.angle.

Input Basics 36

Bend Node NumberingBend Node Numbering


19/35

Input Basics 37

Node locationsfordimensioning:

Dimensioning BendsDimensioning Bends

Actual nodelocations:

Input Basics 38

ReducersReducers

FromFromEndEnd

Enter theEnter the ToToEndEnd

data heredata here oror enter theenter the

size on the nextsize on the next

element.element.

Alpha, theAlpha, the slopeslopeof theof the

reducer, will be estimatedreducer, will be estimated

if not entered.if not entered.


20/35

Input Basics 39

Duplicating DataDuplicating Datazz Locate selectionLocate selection

zz Click on Group SelectClick on Group Select

zz Drag box aroundDrag box around

selectionselection

zz Click DuplicateClick Duplicate

zz Enter DataEnter Data

zz Review plotReview plot

Input Basics 40

Duplicating DataDuplicating Data

zz WhatWhatss

Wrong?Wrong?

zz 6060--7070

duplicatedduplicated

as 130as 130--140140

zz Change toChange to

130130--7070


21/35

Input Basics 41

Imposed DisplacementsImposed DisplacementszzA pipe support or anchor may imposeA pipe support or anchor may impose

movement through thermal growth ormovement through thermal growth or

settlement.settlement.

zz Do not model this boundary conditionDo not model this boundary condition

as a support or anchor. Instead, defineas a support or anchor. Instead, define

the displacement for the support or athe displacement for the support or a

complete set of displacements andcomplete set of displacements androtations for the anchor.rotations for the anchor.

Input Basics 42

Imposed DisplacementsImposed Displacements


22/35

Input Basics 43

Imposed DisplacementsImposed Displacementszz Hint, a vector of six zeros for displacement isHint, a vector of six zeros for displacement is

identical to an anchor.identical to an anchor.

zz An undefined term isAn undefined term isfreefree..

zz Load sets including the displacement setLoad sets including the displacement setDDnnwill show these displacements,will show these displacements,e.g. W+T1+P1+D1.e.g. W+T1+P1+D1.

zz Load sets without a displacement set willLoad sets without a displacement set will

show zeroes for the six terms, just like anshow zeroes for the six terms, just like ananchor, e.g. W+P1.anchor, e.g. W+P1.

Input Basics 44

Starting the AnalysisStarting the Analysis

zz Click ErrorClick Error

CheckCheck

zz Click onClick on

ErrorError

zz

Click onClick onZoom toZoom to

SelectionSelection


23/35

Input Basics 45

Building and Using Load CaseBuilding and Using Load Casezz CAESAR II recommends loads cases forCAESAR II recommends loads cases for

new jobs.new jobs.

zz CAESAR II keeps the load cases fromCAESAR II keeps the load cases from

the last analysis.the last analysis.

zz CAESAR II does notCAESAR II does notrecommendrecommend

occasional load sets.occasional load sets.

Input Basics 46

The Load Case EditorThe Load Case Editor

Primitive loadsPrimitive loads

used in this jobused in this job

Load casesLoad cases StressStress

typetypeSet loadSet load

cyclescycles

Reset toReset to

recommendedrecommended

casescases


24/35

Input Basics 47

Building and Using Load CasesBuilding and Using Load CaseszzAll load components (primitive loads)All load components (primitive loads)

defined in the job are displayed.defined in the job are displayed.

zz These primitive loads are combined toThese primitive loads are combined tomake up the load cases.make up the load cases.

zz Load cases, too, may be combined toLoad cases, too, may be combined tocreate additional load cases.create additional load cases.

zz

All primitive combinations must beAll primitive combinations must bedefined before load case combinations.defined before load case combinations.

Input Basics 48

PrimitivePrimitiveLoads in CAESAR IILoads in CAESAR IIzz W, WNC, WWW, WNC, WW pipe and insulation weight withpipe and insulation weight with

contents, with no content, with water weightcontents, with no content, with water weight

zz T1, T2,T1, T2, , T9, T9 thermal strainthermal strain

zz HP, P1, P2,HP, P1, P2, , P9, P9 hydrostatic & pipe pressurehydrostatic & pipe pressure

zz H, F1, F2,H, F1, F2, , F9, F9 hanger preload, itemized loadshanger preload, itemized loads

zz D1, D2,D1, D2, , D9, D9 imposed displacementsimposed displacements

zz CSCS cold spring; cut short or cut longcold spring; cut short or cut longzz U1, U2, U3U1, U2, U3 added load per unit length (or g)added load per unit length (or g)

zz WIND1, WIND2,WIND1, WIND2, , WIND4, WIND4 wind loadswind loads

zz WAVE1, WAVE2,WAVE1, WAVE2, , WAVE4, WAVE4 hydrodynamic loadshydrodynamic loads


25/35

Input Basics 49

Building Load CasesBuilding Load Caseszz Load cases serve three purposes in aLoad cases serve three purposes in a

CAESAR II analysisCAESAR II analysis

Develop codeDevelop code--defined stressesdefined stresses

Examine structural response at various statesExamine structural response at various states

(e.g. installed and operating condition)(e.g. installed and operating condition)

Collect data to size spring hangersCollect data to size spring hangers

Input Basics 50

Building Load CasesBuilding Load Cases

zz CAESAR II will recommend a set of loadCAESAR II will recommend a set of load

cases for analysis based on assumedcases for analysis based on assumed

stress categories.stress categories.

zz The user can edit and add to theseThe user can edit and add to these

recommended load cases.recommended load cases.


26/35

Input Basics 51

Default stress categoriesDefault stress categorieszz Sustained components:Sustained components:

W, P1W, P1--P9, HP9, H

zz Expansion components:Expansion components: T1T1--T9, D1T9, D1--D9D9

zz Unassigned components:Unassigned components: Occasional: U1Occasional: U1--U3, WIND1U3, WIND1--WIND4,WIND4,

WAVE1WAVE1--WAVE4, F1WAVE4, F1--F9F9 Structural: WNC, WW, HP, CSStructural: WNC, WW, HP, CS

Input Basics 52

Load Case/Stress TypesLoad Case/Stress Types

zz Each load case includes a load case identifierEach load case includes a load case identifier

zz These identifiers determine how the resultsThese identifiers determine how the results

are calculated and usedare calculated and used

zz SUSSUStainedtained,, EXPEXPansionansion,, OCCOCCasionalasional,,

OPEOPEratingrating, and, and FATFATigueigue set the stressset the stress

calculation and allowable stresscalculation and allowable stresszz HYDHYDrostaticrostatic andand HGRHGR(hanger) set support(hanger) set support

configuration and data availabilityconfiguration and data availability


27/35

Input Basics 53

Examples ofExamples of

PrimitivePrimitiveLoad SetsLoad Setszz For a job with W,P1,T1,D1 and loaded springFor a job with W,P1,T1,D1 and loaded spring

hangers:hangers:

W+T1+P1+D1+H (OPE)W+T1+P1+D1+H (OPE)

W+P1+H (SUS)W+P1+H (SUS)

zz For a job with W,P1,P2,T1,T2:For a job with W,P1,P2,T1,T2:

W+T1+P1 (OPE)W+T1+P1 (OPE)

W+T2+P2 (OPE)W+T2+P2 (OPE)

W+P1 (SUS)W+P1 (SUS)

W+P2 (SUS)W+P2 (SUS)

Input Basics 54

Load CombinationsLoad Combinations

zz L1:L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE)W+T1+P1 (OPE)

L2:L2: W+P1 (SUS)W+P1 (SUS)

L3:L3: L1L1--L2 (EXP)L2 (EXP) :expansion stress range:expansion stress range

zz L1:L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE)W+T1+P1 (OPE)


L3:L3: WIND (OCC)WIND (OCC)

L4:L4: L1L1--L2 (EXP)L2 (EXP) :expansion stress range:expansion stress range

L5:L5: L2+L3 (OCC)L2+L3 (OCC) :sustained + occasional stress:sustained + occasional stress


28/35

Input Basics 55

Combining Load CasesCombining Load Caseszz Load cases can be combined for structuralLoad cases can be combined for structural

and/or stress evaluation.and/or stress evaluation.

zz All basic load cases must be defined beforeAll basic load cases must be defined beforethese combinations can be constructed.these combinations can be constructed.

zz For example, expansion stress range is takenFor example, expansion stress range is takenbetween twobetween twostatesstates, typically, between, typically, betweenoperating and installed states.operating and installed states.

zz

And, sustained stresses are summed withAnd, sustained stresses are summed withoccasional stresses for comparison to theoccasional stresses for comparison to theallowed limit.allowed limit.

Input Basics 56

Combining Load CasesCombining Load Cases

zz Load case combinations are identified by theLoad case combinations are identified by theprefix Lprefix L L1+L2 combines load case 1 and load case 2L1+L2 combines load case 1 and load case 2

L2+1.5L3 combines 1.5 times load case 3 withL2+1.5L3 combines 1.5 times load case 3 withload case 2load case 2

zz There are several ways to combine loadThere are several ways to combine load

cases:cases: Algebraic (e.g. expansion range)Algebraic (e.g. expansion range) Scalar (e.g. sustained plus occasional)Scalar (e.g. sustained plus occasional)

Max/Min (display max or min absolute)Max/Min (display max or min absolute)


29/35

Input Basics 57

Load Case OptionsLoad Case Options

Edit loadEdit load

case namescase namesKeep orKeep or

discarddiscard

the outputthe output

reportreport

WhatWhat

toto

keepkeep

How toHow to

combinecombine

loadload

casescases

AdjustAdjust

supportssupports

SelectSelect

YoungYoungss

ModulusModulus

GloballyGlobally

modifymodify

frictionfriction

Input Basics 58

Load Case OptionsLoad Case Options

zz Change the display nameChange the display name

zz Select what reports (if any) to build in theSelect what reports (if any) to build in the

outputoutput

zz Set the combination methodSet the combination method

zz ActivateActivate snubberssnubbers

zz Lock/unlock spring supportsLock/unlock spring supportszz Specify a YoungSpecify a Youngs Moduluss Modulus

zz Globally adjust coefficient of frictionGlobally adjust coefficient of friction


30/35

Input Basics 59

Structural vs. Stress AnalysisStructural vs. Stress Analysis

L1:L1: W+T1+P1 (OPE)W+T1+P1 (OPE)


L3:L3: WIND (OCC)WIND (OCC)

L4:L4: W+T1+P1+WIND (OPE)W+T1+P1+WIND (OPE)

L5:L5: L1L1--L2 (EXP)L2 (EXP) (Algebraic)(Algebraic)

L6:L6: L2+L3 (OCC)L2+L3 (OCC) (Scalar)(Scalar)

structuralstructural stressstress(restraint loads & system deflections)(restraint loads & system deflections) (code(code--defined)defined)

Input Basics 60


31/35

Input Basics 61

Global vs. Local CoordinatesGlobal vs. Local Coordinateszz The standard X,Y,Z global coordinateThe standard X,Y,Z global coordinate

system used in CAESAR II output issystem used in CAESAR II output is

augmented by a local coordinateaugmented by a local coordinate

system to report element forces andsystem to report element forces and

moments in terms of axial and shearmoments in terms of axial and shear

loads and torque and bendingloads and torque and bending

moments.moments.

Input Basics 62

Global vs. Local CoordinatesGlobal vs. Local Coordinates

zz The local coordinate system is:The local coordinate system is:

x points from the element From node tox points from the element From node to

the To node. This is the axial direction.the To node. This is the axial direction.

y is the cross product of the local x andy is the cross product of the local x and

global vertical up.global vertical up.

z is the cross of local x and local y.z is the cross of local x and local y.

zzA few examples will illustrate...A few examples will illustrate...


32/35

Input Basics 63

Global (Y up) vs. Local CoordinatesGlobal (Y up) vs. Local Coordinates

Input Basics 64

Global (Y up) vs. Local CoordinatesGlobal (Y up) vs. Local Coordinates


33/35

Input Basics 65

Other Input ItemsOther Input Items

Input Basics 66

Break CommandBreak Command

The break command adds nodes to an existing pipe run;The break command adds nodes to an existing pipe run;

either a single node at any point or several, equallyeither a single node at any point or several, equally --spacedspaced

nodes based on a node number increment or final pipe count.nodes based on a node number increment or final pipe count.


34/35

Input Basics 67

Closing Loops AutomaticallyClosing Loops Automatically

The Close Loopcommand automaticallyconnects the specifiednodes (here, 90 to 15)

with the proper lengthpiping element tocomplete the path.

Input Basics 68

Material DatabaseMaterial Database

CAESAR II provides adatabase of materialproperties that may be

changed by the user.Database materials areidentified by numbersfrom 101 to 699.


35/35

Input Basics 69

UserUser--defined Material (ID=21)defined Material (ID=21)zz Coefficient of Expansion (T1, T2,Coefficient of Expansion (T1, T2, ))

Entered as strain, this value must be defined forEntered as strain, this value must be defined for

each temperature case used. Data betweeneach temperature case used. Data between

--0.05 and 0.05 (alpha tolerance) are interpreted0.05 and 0.05 (alpha tolerance) are interpreted

as strain rather than temperature.as strain rather than temperature.

zz Elastic Modulus (ambient)Elastic Modulus (ambient)

zz PoissonPoissons Ratios Ratio

zz Pipe DensityPipe Density

Input Basics 70

OffsetsOffsets

Offsets can be used at vessel/nozzleOffsets can be used at vessel/nozzle

junctions or pipe intersections wherejunctions or pipe intersections where

branchbranchcantilever length would becantilever length would be

inappropriate if extended to the centerlineinappropriate if extended to the centerline

of the vessel or header.of the vessel or header.

Here, the offset is used to eliminate theHere, the offset is used to eliminate the

pipe length between the vessel wall andpipe length between the vessel wall and

centerline. The elementcenterline. The element fromfrom 2020 toto 30 will30 will

have an offset specified for thehave an offset specified for theToToendend

with a +X dimension equal to the vesselwith a +X dimension equal to the vessel

radius. This will adjust the elementradius. This will adjust the elementstiffness and weight but not the nodestiffness and weight but not the node

locations.locations.

A weightless, rigid element through thisA weightless, rigid element through this

open space would serve equally well.open space would serve equally well.

Documents

02 - Input Basics