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Euripides, Hippolytus 88

Author(s): J. GluckerSource: The Classical Review, New Series, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Mar., 1966), p. 17Published by: Cambridge University Presson behalf of The Classical AssociationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/706511.

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THE CLASSICAL REVIEW 17EURIPIDES, HIPPOLYTUS 88

MR. M. L. WEST(C.R. lxxix. 156) offers aninteresting new interpretation of Hippolytus88. It is based on the assumption that 'toa fifth-century ear it [avae] suggested an ad-dress to a god'. But did it? See Hipp. 834,900, 953(?), 1153; Hel. 5, 465; Andr. 1i6i,1 66; Heraclid. 114, 824; H.F. 8, 467, 541,589, 602; also Soph. Aj. 190, O.T. 689, 696;Phil. 507-and other examples which canbe found by the bushel. Agamin.2 and 204are examples which spring to a twentieth-century mind without much effort. To a fifth-century ear the phrase ava avspwovAyapip-

vwv would sound neither very strange norparticularly religious.'Why', asks West, 'should the slave ab-stain from using the word 'master' in itsproper, everyday sense? . . . What is moreappropriate about lord ?' See Barrett adloc. (p. 176). Barrett's discussion is stillconvincing. West's argument-which failsto satisfy on its main point-is only attrac-tive. Hard words are neither.

University f Exeter J. GLUCKER

CAELIUS ON C. ANTONIUS (O.R.F.2 fr. 17)SINCEAntonius had suffered two seriousmilitary defeats during his governorship ofMacedonia (Dio Cassius xxxviii. 10. 2-3),Caelius naturally seized on the opportunityof ridiculing his capacity in this sphere.When the approach of the enemy was an-nounced, Antonius was found, so Caeliusalleged, 'temulento sopore profligatum, totispraecordiis stertentem'. When his con-cubines tried to rouse him 'proximae cuiusquecollum amplexu petebat, neque dormireexcitatus neque vigilare ebrius poterat, sedsemisomno sopore nter manus centurionumconcubinarumque iactabatur' (quoted byQuintilian, iv. 2. 123 = Malcovati, O.R.F.2fr. 17, p. 483). Even after being aroused('excitatus') Antonius remained in a drunkenstupor, able 'neque dormire.. . neque vigi-lare'. But what sort of Latin (or sense) is itto describe this condition as 'semisomnussopor', 'half-asleep sleep'? And if Caeliuswas as good an orator as his contemporariesthought, I doubt whether he would havefollowed up 'temulento sopore' with sosimilar a phrase as 'semisomno sopore' with-in the very same sentence. Ancient writersmay not have been quite so chary of re-peating words as some of their moderneditors would like, but none of the examplesof such repetition quoted by Seyfert-Miiller

on Laelius44, Austin on Quintilian xii. I. 41,or Gudeman on Tacitus, Dial. I. I, producesnearly such a flat effect in such a carefullybalanced rhetorical flight as this.Lewis and Short have a special rubric forsopor as used in this passage: 'Transf. A.stupefaction, lethargy, stupor'. They cite noother example of this meaning. Even so itwould be perfectly natural for sopor to beso used, just as somnus s (Lewis and Shorts.v. B)-but hardly in a context where aprecise distinction is being drawn betweenthe sleeping and waking states, and where ithas already been used in its proper senseearlier in the same sentence (an occurrence,incidentally, which disproves Austin's recentassertion, on Aen. ii. 253, that sopor a poeticword, occurs in prose first in Livy'). Andnot when qualified by semisomnus.Surely what Caelius wrote (and presum-ably what Quintilian quoted) is 'semisomnostupore'.Stupor is exactly the condition ofa man suddenly aroused from a drunkensleep. But the copyist, with the earliersopore till in his mind (and perhaps also in-fluenced by 'semisomno'), unconsciously re-peated sopore(a natural enough slip giventhe obvious similarity of the two words).BedfordCollege,London ALAN CAMERON

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