02 - Emergency Responce - Developing EAP

8/12/2019 02 - Emergency Responce - Developing EAP

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EMERGENCY

RESPONSE - DISASTERVitri Widyaningsih


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Phases of Emergency Management


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VCAVulnerability and Capacity Assessment


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Definitions

Vulnerability: the state of being exposed or

susceptible to harm or injury

Vulnerability Assessment: ongoing, critical

evaluation

identify potential risks and areas of weakness that could have

adverse consequences for institutions and their systems

Hazards Assessment: focuses on general hazardsto determine what hazards you might be prone to.

Risk Analysis: focuses on risk levels and

consequences


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Hazard (bahaya)

potensi bahaya utama (main hazard)

potensi bahaya ikutan (collateral hazard)


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Vulnerability (Kerentanan)

keadaan atau sifat/perilaku manusia atau masyarakat

yang menyebabkan ketidakmampuan menghadapi

bahaya atau ancaman

Kerentanan

1. Kerentanan Fisik

2. Kerentanan Ekonomi 3. Kerentanan Sosial

4. Kerentanan Lingkungan


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Aim

assess risks and hazards facing communities and the

capacities they have for dealing with them;

involve communities, local authorities and humanitarian

and development organizations in the assessment from

the outset;

draw up action plans to prepare for and respond to the

identified risks;

identify risk-reduction activities to prevent or lessen the

effects of expected hazards, risks and vulnerabilities.


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VCA

Risk=


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Analisis Risiko - Probabilitas

Skor Probabilitas

5 Pasti hampir dipastikan 80 - 99%

4 Kemungkinan besar 6080% terjadi tahun depan, atau

sekali dalam 10 tahun mendatang3 Kemungkinan terjadi 40-60% terjadi tahun depan, atau

sekali dalam 100 tahun

2 Kemungkinan Kecil 2040% dalam 100 tahun

1 Kemungkian sangat

kecil

hingga 20%


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Analisis Risiko - Dampak

jumlah korban;

kerugian harta benda;

kerusakan prasarana dan sarana;

cakupan luas wilayah yang terkena bencana; dan dampak sosial ekonomi yang ditimbulkan,


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Analisis Risiko - Dampak

Skor Dampak

5 Sangat Parah 80% - 99% wilayah hancur dan

lumpuh total

4 Parah 6080% wilayah hancur3 Sedang 40 - 60 % wilayah terkena rusak

2 Ringan 2040% wilayah yang rusak

1 Sangat Ringan kurang dari 20% wilayah rusak


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EXAMPLE


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MATRIX


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Conclusion

Ancaman dinilai tingkat bahayanya dengan skala (3-1)

- Bahaya/ancaman tinggi nilai 3 (merah)

- Bahaya/ancaman sedang nilai 2

- Bahaya/ancaman rendah nilai 1

1 3


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DETAILED STEPS


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Identify Emergencies

Review incident reports for past five years

Check statisticson incidents and emergencies at other

similar operations

Review environmental aspects list for potentialemergencies under abnormal operating conditions

Gather a group of personnel representing each function in

the organization to brainstormpossible incidents and

emergencies


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Useful resources

http://dibi.bnpb.go.id/DesInventar/dashboard.jsp?countryc

ode=id&continue=y&lang=ID
http://dibi.bnpb.go.id/DesInventar/dashboard.jsp?countrycode=id&continue=y&lang=IDhttp://dibi.bnpb.go.id/DesInventar/dashboard.jsp?countrycode=id&continue=y&lang=IDhttp://dibi.bnpb.go.id/DesInventar/dashboard.jsp?countrycode=id&continue=y&lang=IDhttp://dibi.bnpb.go.id/DesInventar/dashboard.jsp?countrycode=id&continue=y&lang=ID


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PENCEGAHAN DANMITIGASI


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Mitigasi pasif

1. Penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan

2. Pembuatan peta rawan bencana dan pemetaan

masalah.

3. Pembuatan pedoman/standar/prosedur

4. Pembuatan brosur/leaflet/poster

5. Penelitian / pengkajian karakteristik bencana

6. Pengkajian / analisis risiko bencana

7. Pembentukan organisasi atau satuan gugus tugasbencana


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mitigasi aktif

1. Pembuatan dan penempatan tanda-tanda peringatan, bahaya,

larangan memasuki daerah rawan bencana dsb.

2. Pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan berbagai peraturan tentang

penataan ruang, ijin mendirikan bangunan (IMB), dan

peraturan lain yang berkaitan dengan pencegahan bencana.

3. Pelatihan dasar kebencanaan bagi aparat dan masyarakat. 4. Pemindahan penduduk dari daerah yang rawan bencana ke

daerah yang lebih aman.

5. Penyuluhan dan peningkatan kewaspadaan masyarakat

6. Perencanaan daerah penampungan sementara dan jalur-jalur

evakuasi jika terjadi bencana. 7. Pembuatan bangunan struktur yang berfungsi untuk

mencegah, mengamankan dan mengurangi dampak yang

ditimbulkan oleh bencana, seperti: tanggul, dam, penahan erosi

pantai, bangunan tahan gempa dan sejenisnya.


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Kesiapsiagaan

1. Pengaktifan pos-pos siaga bencana dengan segenap unsur

pendukungnya.

2. Pelatihan siaga / simulasi / gladi / teknis bagi setiap sektor

Penanggulangan bencana (SAR, sosial, kesehatan, prasarana

dan pekerjaan umum).

3. Inventarisasi sumber daya pendukung kedaruratan

4. Penyiapan dukungan dan mobilisasi sumberdaya/logistik.

5. Penyiapan sistem informasi dan komunikasi yang cepat dan

terpadu guna mendukung tugas kebencanaan.

6. Penyiapan dan pemasangan instrumen sistem peringatan dini (early warning)

7. Penyusunan rencana kontinjensi (contingency plan)

8. Mobilisasi sumber daya (personil dan prasarana/sarana

peralatan)


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Tanggap Darurat

1. pengkajian secara cepat dan tepat terhadap lokasi,

kerusakan, kerugian, dan sumber daya;

2. penentuan status keadaan darurat bencana

3. penyelamatan dan evakuasi masyarakat terkenabencana;

4. pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar;

5. perlindungan terhadap kelompok rentan; dan

6. pemulihan dengan segera prasarana dan sarana vital.


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Pemulihan - Rehabilitasi

1. perbaikan lingkungan daerah bencana;

2. perbaikan prasarana dan sarana umum;

3. pemberian bantuan perbaikan rumah masyarakat;

4. pemulihan sosial psikologis; 5. pelayanan kesehatan;

6. rekonsiliasi dan resolusi konflik;

7. pemulihan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya;

8. pemulihan keamanan dan ketertiban;

9. pemulihan fungsi pemerintahan; dan

10. pemulihan fungsi pelayanan publik


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PemulihanRekonstruksi

1. pembangunan kembali prasarana dan sarana;

2. pembangunan kembali sarana sosial masyarakat;

3. pembangkitan kembali kehidupan sosial budayamasyarakat

4. penerapan rancang bangun yang tepat danpenggunaan

peralatan yang lebih baik dan tahan bencana;

5. partisipasi dan peran serta lembaga dan organisasi

kemasyarakatan, dunia usaha dan masyarakat; 6. peningkatan kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya;

7. peningkatan fungsi pelayanan publik; atau

8. peningkatan pelayanan utama dalam masyarakat.


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EARTHQUAKECase study


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Definitions

An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the ground

caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the

Earth's surface.

This shaking can cause buildings and bridges to collapse;

disrupt gas, electric, and phone service; and sometimes

trigger landslides, avalanches, flash floods, fires, and

huge, destructive ocean waves (tsunamis).

Earthquakes can occur at any time of the year.


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Hazard

Deaths and injuries and extensive property damage.

Ground movement during an earthquake is seldom the

direct cause of death or injury.

Most earthquake-related injuries result from collapsing

walls, flying glass, and falling objects as a result of the

ground shaking, or people trying to move more than a few

feet during the shaking.

Much of the damage in earthquakes is predictable and

preventable.


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Aftershocks

Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that follow the main

shock and can cause further damage to weakened

buildings. After-shocks can occur in the first hours, days,

weeks, or even months after the quake.

Be aware that some earthquakes are actually foreshocks,

and a larger earthquake might occur.


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Review?

Main hazard?

Collateral hazard?


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Emergency Action

Pick "safe places".

A safe place could be under a sturdy table or desk or against an

interior wall away from windows and bookcases, or tall furniture

that could fall on you. The shorter the distance to move to safety,

the less likely you will be injured. Injury statistics show that peoplemoving as little as 10 feet during an earthquake's shaking are most

likely to be injured.

Practice drop, cover, and hold-on in each safe place.

Drop under a sturdy desk or table and hold on to one leg of the

table or desk. Protect your eyes by keeping your head down.Practice these actions so that they become an automatic response.


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Practice drop, cover, and hold-on at least twice a year.

Frequent practice will help reinforce safe behavior. When an

earthquake or other disaster occurs, many people hesitate, trying to

remember what they are supposed to do. Responding quickly and

automatically may help protect you from injury

Wait in your safe place until the shaking stops, then check

to see if you are hurt.

You will be better able to help others if you take care of yourself

first, then check the people around you. Move carefully and watch

out for things that have fallen or broken, creating hazards. Be ready

for aftershocks.


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Emergency Action

Be on the lookout for fires. Fire is the most common earthquake-related hazard, due to broken

gas lines, damaged electrical lines or appliances, and previouslycontained fires or sparks being released.

If you must leave a building after the shaking stops, use the

stairs, not the elevator. Earthquakes can cause fire alarms and fire sprinklers to go off. You will

not be certain whether there is a real threat of fire. As a precaution,use the stairs.

If you're outside in an earthquake, stay outside.

Move away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and power lines. Crouchdown and cover your head. Many injuries occur within 10 feet of theentrance to buildings. Bricks, roofing, and other materials can fall frombuildings, injuring persons nearby. Trees, streetlights, and power linesmay also fall, causing damage or injury.


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Preparation needed

Inform workers of the plan.

Everyone in your workplace should know what to do if an

earthquake occurs.

Get training.

Take a first aid class from your local Red Cross chapter. Gettraining on how to use a fire extinguisher. Keep your training

current. Training will help you to keep calm and know what to do

when an earthquake occurs.

Discuss earthquakes with workers.

Everyone should know what to do. Discussing earthquakes ahead

of time helps reduce fear and anxiety and lets everyone know how

to respond.


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WHAT TO DO NEXT?Collapsed Structure


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What safety and health resources are available

during a collapsed structure response?

Once the Incident Command System is established at a

collapsed structure, the Incident Commander maintains

accountability for all response personnel at the scene. \A

Safety Officer may also be mobilized and report directly to

the Incident Commander. The Safety Officer is responsible for monitoring and

assessing the safety aspects of the responders during the

collapsed structure event.


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The Safety Officers responsibilities may

include Overseeing all safety and health aspects of response personnel

Assuring that optimal safety and injury prevention is practiced

Investigating and documenting all response team injuries andillnesses

Preparing and maintaining entry permits

Ensuring that appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) isused

Developing and implementing daily health and safety plans whichaddress (1) sanitation, (2) hygiene, (3) PPE, (4) Decontamination,(5) work/rest cycles, (6) acute medical care, etc.

Interviewing off-going shifts to assess developing hazards Assessing risk for the identified hazards; and

Training in hazard awareness and use of PPE

Assessing structural instabilities


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What hazards may be encountered

when entering a collapsed structure? Water system breaks that may flood basement areas

Exposure to pathogens from sanitary sewer system breaks

Exposed and energized electrical wiring

Exposure to airborne smoke and dust (asbestos, silica, etc.)

Exposure to bloodborne pathogens

Exposure to hazardous materials (ammonia, battery acid,

leaking fuel, etc.)

Natural gas leaks creating flammable and toxic environment

Structural instability

Insufficient oxygen

Confined spaces


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What hazards may be encountered

when entering a collapsed structure? Slip, trip or fall hazards from holes, protruding rebar, etc

Being struck by a falling object

Fire

Proximity to heavy machinery such as cranes Sharp objects such as glass and debris

Secondary collapse from aftershock, vibration and

explosions

Unfamiliar surroundingsAdverse weather conditions

Noise from equipment (generators/heavy machines)


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EXERCISE (FOR UKD 3)

1. Nalye of 3 most critical risks in your respective local area(house)

2. Reach consensus, based on formula, which one tio prioritize

3. Develop actions for emergency situations


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THANK YOU

Documents

02 - Emergency Responce - Developing EAP