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Introduction to Animal
Products
Food for Humankind
Food and Shelter
Assuring a food supply meant time could be spend on other
endeavors.
Arts
Science
Technology
What is Meat ?
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What is Meat ?
Meat
Skeletal muscle is what most think of as meat.
Edible Organ Meats
Kidney
Brain
Thymus
Pancreas
Liver
Intestines
Skins
Spleen
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Edible Organ Meats
Tongue
Liver
Heart
Kidney
Primary Red Meat-Producing
Livestock in the U.S.A.
Hogs
Cattle
Lamb or Sheep
Veal Calves
Poultry Used as Meat Turkey
Geese
Emu
Duck
Ostrich
Guinea Fowl
Chicken
Chicken
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Other Meat Animals
Camel
Llama
Horse
Goat
Rabbit
Water Buffalo
Insects
Eland
Seafood
Crab
Fish Scallops
Oysters
Clams
History of the Meat
Industry
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Hunting
Animals were used for family & personal use.
In Nebraska, Indian tribes would travel with the buffalo
herds.
Early Times in the
Meat Industry
Meat Packing
Pork was and packed in barrels.
Animals slaughtered in the fall, salted, smoked or pickled,
consumed during
.
animals were primarily used for
.
Meat Packing (cont.)
Curing and packing was done by individuals, farmers, or
merchants until .
launched the first commercial venture in .
Commercial trade to such places as the began.
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Uncle Sam
of Troy, NY, was a meat packer.
During the he supplied meat to the army.
Wilson had the letters U.S. stamped on each barrel.
.
Uncle Sam (cont.)
A cartoonist picked up on the idea and in they were drawing
as the .
Uncle Sam Postcards
circa 1909
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Underwood Deviled Ham
Oldest Tradmarked Product
founded in 1822 in Westwood, Mass.
that were used in the trek west and the .
Many patents in retort technology
The companys was introduce in 1868.
still in use.
Westward Movement
After the Revolutionary War, settlement spread westward over the
Allegheny
Mountains into the Ohio Valley.
Livestock production shifted west away from the .
In the 1780s cattle were driven across the to be slaughtered
and processed.
Meat Industry and Water
The meat industry depended on bodies of water.
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Packing Centers
In the 1850s, early development of packing centers were being
formed.
Seasonal industry could be conducted during cooler months.
Centers were located close to railways for transportation.
became a meat packing center. Nicknamed Porkopolis .
first recorded was in operation in 1827.
The Railroad
companies built to hold cattle prior to being
purchased by packers for slaughter.
In the 1860s, had for each of the 5
different railroads that serviced the city.
The Stockyards
In 1865 the Illinois legislature incorporated the Union
Stockyards
and Transit Company.
A single facility to accommodate all rail lines.
Served as the model of public terminal livestock markets for
many other cities.
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Terminal Markets Developed
in Cities Such As: Chicago
Indianapolis
Oklahoma City
East St. Louis
Kansas City Wichita
St. Joseph
Omaha
Sioux City
Cattle Trails
In the 1870s Cattle Trails Were Used Extensively
: Texas to Abilene, Kansas to Ogallala, Nebraska
: Fort Worth, Texas to Sedalia, Missouri
: Virginia City, Montana to Northeastern Colorado
: West Texas to Denver, Colorado and Cheyenne, Wyoming
Cattle Trails (cont.)
Trails shortened and/or ended with the extension of the
railroads.
As many as 2500 cattle could spend 2 to 4 months on the trail
getting to
market.
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Western Cattle Drives
Western Trail
Chisholm Trail
Shawnee Trail
Goodnight Loving Trail
Meat Preservation
The Gold Rush of 1849 and the Civil War stimulated the canning
of meat
to feed the miners and soldiers.
Keeping Meat Cold
Before the Civil War, packing plants were beside .
In the summer of 1857, the meat packing industry made its debut
using
.
Between 1865 and 1880 artificially refrigerated meat plants were
built and
improved the meat industry greatly.
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Artificial Refrigeration
In 1875 Chicago meat packer Gustavus Swift established the
first
refrigerated rail car service.
Natural ice dealer came back with counter advertising saying
that natural
ice was colder and lasted longer than
artificial ice.
Advances in the Meat
Industry
Philip Armour turned meat processing into a .
In 1897 the of the AFL
was founded.
Packing Giants
Swift
Morris
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Large Packing Giants
Gustavus F. Swift
Philip D. Armour
Nelson Morris
Food Safety in the 1900s
In the 1900s the began.
One of the major concerns was the purity of lard.
The book, The , by exposed unwholesome practices prevalent in
the meat industry.
Decentralization of the
Industry
Costs of Transportation and Urbanization closes the
stockyards
move to the of supply.
New players enter the game
IBP
Excel
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What are the Changes in the
Future?
Dependent on several factors:
Cost of transportation
Government Regulations
Importance of Meat
Individual
State
Country
World
Per Capita Consumption
165
120.9
78.7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Carcass Retail Consumed
Minus Fat and Bone
Minus Cooking loss
Fat trim Plate Waste
-
Per Capita Consumption
Retail Weight Basis
YEAR
PO
UN
DS
USDA Economic Research Service 2009
Red Meat Production
5.6
3.6
3.6 14.6
10.6
10.4
4.8
13.3
4.3 5.6
2011
Top Ten States
Numbers represent the percentage of National Production
Beef Slaughter Top Ten States
4.8
2011
5.2
20.9
19.0
19.2
12.4
7.5 5.5
3.2
5.1
Numbers represent the percentage of National Production
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Pork Slaughter
7.5 2.4 6.9
9.1
26.8
4.1
8.9
9.8
7.5
5.1
2011
Numbers represent the percentage of National Production
Top Ten States
Broiler Chicken Slaughter
3.5
3.3
11.8
3.2
7.4
14.0 9.7
11.0 3.1 12.1
2011
Numbers represent the percentage of National Production
Top Ten States
Lamb Slaughter
6.3
1.3
1.3 1.3
1.9
7.3 3.3
51.1 13.9
2.7
2011
Numbers represent the percentage of National Production
Top Ten States
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Dairy Production
6.1
6.2
4.6
3.9
4.8
4.5
7.0
3.0
18.9
13.2
2011
Numbers represent the percentage of National Production
Top Ten States
1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 1_2: 2_2: 3_2: 4_2: 5_2: 6_2: 7_2: 1_3:
2_3: 3_3: 4_3: 5_3: 6_3: 7_3: What is Meat: Animal tissues suitable
for use as foodEdible Organ Meats: TongueLiver: bloodKidney:
heartIntestines: testiclesThymus: tripe1_4: 2_4: 3_4: 4_4: 5_4:
6_4: 7_4: 1_5: 2_5: 3_5: 4_5: 5_5: 6_5: 7_5: 1_6: 2_6: 3_6: 4_6:
5_6: 6_6: 7_6: 1_7: 2_7: 3_7: 4_7: 5_7: 6_7: 7_7: 1_8: 2_8: 3_8:
4_8: 5_8: 6_8: 7_8: 1_9: 2_9: 3_9: 4_9: 5_9: 6_9: 7_9: 1_10: 2_10:
3_10: 4_10: 5_10: 6_10: 7_10: 1_11: 2_11: 3_11: 4_11: 5_11: 6_11:
7_11: 1_12: 2_12: 3_12: 4_12: 5_12: 6_12: 7_12: 1_13: Animals
killed and consumed immediately2_13: undefined: Domestication of
animalsand packed in barrels: saltedundefined_2: winteranimals were
primarily used for: beefundefined_3: laborundefined_4: 1662launched
the first: William Pynchonundefined_5: Springfield, Massbegan:
British - west indies1_14: 2_14: 3_13: 4_13: 5_13: 6_13: 7_13:
1_15: 2_15: 3_14: 4_14: 5_14: 6_14: 7_14: 1_16: 2_16: 3_15: 4_15:
5_15: 6_15: 7_15: of Troy NY was a: Samuel Wilsonhe supplied: War
of 1812undefined_6: "Its from Uncle Sam"they were drawing: 1854as
the: Samundefined_7: US Governor1_17: 2_17: 3_16: 4_16: 5_16: 6_16:
7_16: 1_18: 2_18: 3_17: 4_17: 5_17: 6_17: 7_17: 1_19: 2_19: 3_18:
4_18: 5_18: 6_18: 7_18: undefined_8: William Underwood
Coundefined_9: Canned meatstrek west and the: The companys: Red
Devil Trademarkundefined_10: Oldest trademarkfrom the: New England
Statesto be slaughtered: Allegneny's to Baltimoreundefined_11:
Transportationundefined_12: Ice to keep meat cold1_20: 2_20: 3_19:
4_19: 5_19: 6_19: 7_19: 1_21: 2_21: 3_20: 4_20: 5_20: 6_20: 7_20:
1_22: 2_22: 3_21: 4_21: 5_21: 6_21: 7_21: undefined_13:
Cincinnatiundefined_14: Chicago'sfirst recorded: packing
plantundefined_15: Railroad companies built: stockyardsIn the
1860s: Chicagohad: 5for each of the 5: stockyard1_23: 2_23: 3_22:
4_22: 5_22: 6_22: 7_22: 1_24: 2_24: 3_23: 4_23: 5_23: 6_23: 7_23:
1_25: 2_25: 3_24: 4_24: 5_24: 6_24: 7_24: Indianapolis: Texas to
Abilene Kansas to: Chisholm Trailundefined_16: Shawnee
TrailVirginia City Montana to: Bozeman TrailWest Texas to:
Goodnight loving trail1_26: 2_26: 3_25: 4_25: 5_25: 6_25: 7_25:
1_27: 2_27: 3_26: 4_26: 5_26: 6_26: 7_26: 1_28: 2_28: 3_27: 4_27:
5_27: 6_27: 7_27: Before the Civil War packing plants were: bodies
of waterIn the summer of 1857 the meat packing: natural iceindustry
made its debut using: refrigeration1_29: 2_29: 3_28: 4_28: 5_28:
6_28: 7_28: 1_30: 2_30: 3_29: 4_29: 5_29: 6_29: 7_29: 1_31: 2_31:
3_30: 4_30: 5_30: 6_30: 7_30: into a: mechanized industryIn 1897
the: amalgemated meat cutters and butcherof the AFL:
workmenundefined_17: Armourundefined_18: Cudanyundefined_19:
Morrell1_32: 2_32: 3_31: 4_31: 5_31: 6_31: 7_31: 1_33: 2_33: 3_32:
4_32: 5_32: 6_32: 7_32: 1_34: 2_34: 3_33: 4_33: 5_33: 6_33: 7_33:
Food Safety in the 1900s: pure food themeOne of the major concerns
was the: Jungleby: Upton SinclairThe book The: Urbanization closes
the stockyards: sourcemove to the: Packing plants1_35: 2_35: 3_34:
4_34: 5_34: 6_34: 7_34: 1_36: 2_36: 3_35: 4_35: 5_35: 6_35: 7_35:
1_37: 2_37: 3_36: 4_36: 5_36: 6_36: 7_36: undefined_20: Demand for
productundefined_21: changes in lifestyleundefined_22: cost of
productundefined_23: environmental factors165: 1209: 1_38: 2_38:
3_37: 4_37: 5_37: 6_37: 7_37: 1_39: 2_39: 3_38: 4_38: 5_38: 6_38:
7_38: 1_40: 2_40: 3_39: 4_39: 5_39: 6_39: 7_39: 1_41: 2_41: 3_40:
4_40: 5_40: 6_40: 7_40: 1_42: 2_42: 3_41: 4_41: 5_41: 6_41: 7_41:
1_43: 2_43: 3_42: 4_42: 5_42: 6_42: 7_42: 1_44: 2_44: 3_43: 4_43:
5_43: 6_43: 7_43: 1_45: 2_45: 3_44: 4_44: 5_44: 6_44: 7_44: 1_46:
2_46: 3_45: 4_45: 5_45: 6_45: 7_45: undefined_24: undefined_25:
undefined_26: undefined_27: undefined_28: undefined_29:
undefined_30:
