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What is Basis?BC010_01.1
What Does SAP R/3 Do?
ProductionPlanning
HumanResources
Sales &Distribution
MaterialsManagement
FinancialControlling
What is Basis?BC010_01.2
SAP R/3 Basis Software Is the “Middleware” of the R/3 System
ExternalComputing
environment
R/3 Basiscomponents
(“middleware”)
Request for computing resources
UNIX
What is Basis?BC010_01.3
Hardware and Operating System
SAP R/3 Basis Software
ProductionPlanning
MaterialsManagement
Finance andControlling
Sales andDistribution
Human Resources
The R/3 Basis System
What is Basis?BC010_01.4
Logical Groupings or “Layers” of SAP R/3 Components
The Database Layer
Those SAP R/3 software components that specialise in the management , storage and retrieval of data form the database layer.
The Application LayerThose SAP R/3 software components that specialise in processing business applications form the application layer.
The Presentation LayerThose SAP R/3 software components that specialise in interacting with end-users form the presentation layer.
What is Basis?BC010_01.5
The Presentation Layercollects user input andcreates process requests.
The Application Layeruses the application logic ofSAP programs to collect andprocess the process requests.
The Database Layerstores and retrieves all data.
Communication
Three-Tiered Client/Server Architecture “Logical Layers”
What is Basis?BC010_01.6
reside in: reside in:reside in:
Physical Distribution of R/3’s Logical Layers
Database Layer components
Application Layer components
Application servers:Specialised systems multiple CPUs and vast amounts of RAM.
Presentation servers:Systems capable of providing a graphical interface.
Presentation Layer components
Database servers:Specialised systems with fast and large hard drives.
What is Basis?BC010_01.7
Client/Server Defined
PC Software Program SAP Client/Server Software
MS Excel Components
A BB CC
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
Database Layer
What is Basis?BC010_01.8
Physical Distribution of R/3’s Three Layered Client/Server Architecture
The Database Layer components are installed on one high-end database server.
The Application Layer components are installed across one or more high-end servers.
Presentation Layer components are installed across many PCs.
What is Basis?BC010_01.9
R/3’s Client/Server Configurations- Centralistic
Centralistic
Computer“A”
Presentation Layer Application Layer Database Layer
What is Basis?BC010_01.10
R/3’s Client/Server Configurations-Distributed Presentation
Presentation Layer Application Layer Database Layer
Distributed Presentation
Computer
“A-n”
Computer“A-2”
Computer“A-1”
Computer“A”
Computer“B”
What is Basis?BC010_01.11
Two-tier Client/Server
Computer“B”
R/3’s Client/Server Configurations-Two-tier Client/Server
Computer
“A-n”
Computer
“A-2”
Computer
“A-1”
Computer
“A”
Presentation Layer Application Layer Database Layer
What is Basis?BC010_01.12
Three-tier Client/Server
R/3’s Client/Server Configurations-Three-tier Client/Server
Computer
“C”
Computer
“A”
Computer
“A”
Computer
“A”
Computer
“A”
Computer
“B”
Computer
“B”
Computer
“B”
Presentation Layer Application Layer Database Layer
What is Basis?BC010_01.13
Computer
“A-1”
Computer
“A-2”
Computer
“A-n”
Computer
“A”
Computer
“B-1”
Computer
“B-n”
Computer
“B”
R/3’s Client/Server Configurations- Multi-Tier, Co-operative Client/Server
Multi-tier, cooperative Client/Server
Computer
“C”
Computer
“C-n”
Presentation Layer Application Layer Database Layer
What is Basis?BC010_01.14
R/3’s Client/Server Configurations- Multi-Tier, Co-operative Client/Server - ALE
Presentation Layer Application Layer Database Layer
Computer
“C-n”Computer“B-n”
Computer“B-1”
Computer“B-1”
Computer“A”
Computer“A-1”
Computer“A-2”
Computer“A-n”
Computer
“C”
What is Basis?BC010_01.15
Example components of SAPGUI:
• SAP Business Graphics• SAP Hierarchy Graphics• SAP Pushbutton Graphics• SAP Statistical Graphics• SAP Gantt Chart Graphics• SAP HPGL Display• SAP Network Graphics• SAP Portfolio Graphics• SAP Bar Chart Graphics• SAP Structural Graphics
SAPGUI: The Presentation Layer Software
Presentation Layer Software: SAPGUI
What is Basis?BC010_01.16
Application Layer Software: R/3 Runtime System
Presentation Layer Software: SAPGUI
1 to 2 Kilobytes
Easily achieved over a WAN
Exchanging Data between the Presentation and Application Layers
What is Basis?BC010_01.17
Business Transactions
Business Transaction FD02 “Change customer information”
Screen 1
Screen 2
Complete transaction ?
What is Basis?BC010_01.18
Business Transactions and the R/3 Runtime System
Screen 1
Screen 2
R/3 Runtime System
… LOCK business object “XYZ” then,… Prepare to “ROLLBACK” if necessary
What is Basis?BC010_01.19
Processes
ProcessA Process is essentially a program. Each process has memory and accessto system resources.
What is Basis?BC010_01.20
Threads
Process
Thread 1 Thread 2 Thread 3
A Thread is the actual component of a process that is executing at one time. Each thread is capable of completing a different task thatits process requests.
What is Basis?BC010_01.21
The O/S Kernel
CPU
Process
OS Kernel
ProcessProcess
What is Basis?BC010_01.22
Work Processes and the Dispatcher
SAP
Diaolg Update Enqueue Spool Background
CPUOS Kernel
SAP DispatcherA component of the SAP Kernel called the Dispatcher must manage process access to the OS kernel.
What is Basis?BC010_01.23
The R/3 Runtime System
Dispatcher
Dialog Update Spool Background
Application Application Server “A”Server “A”
Dispatcher
EnqueueDialog Update Spool Background
Application Layer Application Layer ononDatabaseDatabaseServerServer
DispatcherApplication Application Server “B”Server “B”Dialog Update Spool Background
What is Basis?BC010_01.24
Dispatcher
USER 1
USER 2
USER 3
USER 4
Dispatcher
What is Basis?BC010_01.25
Update Enqueue Spool Backgroundor Batch
Dialog
Work Processes
What is Basis?BC010_01.26
Dispatcher
Presentation level
Application level
Various types of processing requests
Request
queues
EnqueueUpdate SpoolDialog Batch
Dispatcher in Action
What is Basis?BC010_01.27
Dispatcher
Various types of processing requests
Request
queues
Process RequestUser: Fred JonesActivity: Read data XYZScreen: 1
Inside the R/3 Runtime System
What is Basis?BC010_01.28
Update Enqueue Spool Backgroundor Batch
Dialog
Dispatcher
SAP R/3 Transactions are written in ABAP, SAP’s 4th generation interpreted programming language.
SAP R/3 Runtime Systemis written in ANSI-C
The Code Behind R/3
What is Basis?BC010_01.29
Work
Pro
cess
TaskHandler
DYNPRO Processor
ABAP Processor
mem
ory
Inside the R/3 Runtime System
What is Basis?BC010_01.30
Request queuesDispatcher
Various types of processing requests
Process RequestRead data “XYZ” orWrite data “XYZ”
Inside the R/3 Runtime System
What is Basis?BC010_01.31
Transaction
Screen 1.I want to run a customer report for customer 00017.
Screen 1
Screen 2.I only want to include data in my report that pertains to orders that were filled within the last 2 months.
Screen 2
Screen 3. But only for product XYZ.
Screen n.
Reading Data in the R/3 System
What is Basis?BC010_01.32
Transaction
Screen 1 Screen 2 Screen n.
Request queuesDispatcher
ProcessRequest 1
ProcessRequest 2
ProcessRequest 3
Reading Data in the R/3 System
What is Basis?BC010_01.33
R/3 R/3 BufferBufferss
Sh
are
d M
em
ory
S
eg
men
ts
RequesRequest t QueueQueuess
Dia
log
TaskHandl
erDYNPABAP
mem
or
y
Screen 1 Screen 2 Screen n.Tra
nsacti
on
Process Requests
Requesteddata retrievedfrom the R/3Buffers
AVAILABLED
ialo
g
TaskHandler
DYNP
ABAP
mem
ory
BUSY
DispatcherDispatcher
Dia
log
TaskHandler
DYNP
ABAP
mem
ory
BUSY
Reading Data in the R/3 System
What is Basis?BC010_01.34
Exte
nd
ed
Mem
ory
Extended Extended Memory Memory ManagerManager
R/3 R/3 BuffersBuffers S
hare
d M
em
ory
S
eg
men
ts
DispatcherDispatcher
Request Request QueuesQueues
The process request for the next screen iscopied down.
The data retrieved for the last screenis stored in extended memory in an areacalled the usercontext.
Dia
log
TaskHandl
erDYNP
ABAP
mem
ory
AVAILABLE
Reading Data in the R/3 System
What is Basis?BC010_01.35
SAP Logical Unit of Work (SAPLUW)SAP Logical Unit of Work (SAPLUW)
Transaction
Screen 1 Screen 2 Screen n.
Update
+
SAP Logical Unit of Work
What is Basis?BC010_01.36
SAP Logical Unit of Work (SAPLUW)SAP Logical Unit of Work (SAPLUW)
Transaction +
Update
Handled by:
Handled by:
Handled by:
Handled by:
Dialog B Dialog C UpdateDialog A
Screen 1 Screen 2 Screen n.
Distribution of a Business Transaction Across Multiple WPs
What is Basis?BC010_01.37
Asynchronous Updating: The Online Phase
VBLOGVBLOG
Dialog CDialog BDialog A
SAP Logical Unit of Work (SAPLUW)SAP Logical Unit of Work (SAPLUW)
Transaction +
Update
Screen 1 Screen 2 Screen n.
Database Commit
Database Commit
Database Commit
Write Write Write
The Online Phase of an update ends here.
What is Basis?BC010_01.38
UpdateDialog CDialog BDialog A
SAP Logical Unit of Work (SAPLUW)SAP Logical Unit of Work (SAPLUW)
Transaction +
Update
Screen 1 Screen 2 Screen n.
Database Commit
Database Commit
Database Commit
VBLOGVBLOG
Asynchronous Updating: The Posting (Update) Phase
Read
The Posting Phase of an update starts here.
What is Basis?BC010_01.39
Posting RoutineData U1 Screen 1 of 3
Posting RoutineData U2 Screen 2 of 3
Posting RoutineData U2 Screen 3 of 3
VBLOG
SA
PLU
WS
AP
LU
W
Dialog C
Dialog B
Dialog A
VBLOG Records
What is Basis?BC010_01.40
Errors during Posting (Update) Phase
What is Basis?BC010_01.41
Posting Routine Data U1 Screen 1 of 3
Posting Routine Data U1 Screen 2 of 3
Posting Routine Data U2 Screen 2 of 3
Handling of Error Situations(U1 Termination)
VBLOG
SA
PLU
WS
AP
LU
W
Update
UU 11..ROLLBACK
..ROLLBACK
..Ignored
Dialog C
Dialog B
Dialog A
What is Basis?BC010_01.42
Handling of Error Situations
(U2 Termination)
Update
SA
PLU
WS
AP
LU
W
Posting Routine Data U1 Screen 1 of 3
Posting Routine Data U2 Screen 2 of 3
Posting Routine Data U2 Screen 2 of 3
VBLOG
UU 22
ContinueDialog C
Dialog B
Dialog A
What is Basis?BC010_01.43
Dialog
EnqueueMessage Service
Lock Request
Lock Table
The Enqueue Work Process
What is Basis?BC010_01.44
Background
Background Job ABackground Job A
Step # 1Step # 1Step # 2Step # 2
Defining a background job.
The Background Work Process
What is Basis?BC010_01.45
O/SSpooler
The Operating Systemspooler assumes the print queue management.
The Spool Work Process
What is Basis?BC010_01.46
Service A
Process A1 Process A2Online
Requesting a particular function or “service”.
A Service
What is Basis?BC010_01.47
The Message Service
Online
Enqueue
Lock Request
Lock TableMessage
Service
What is Basis?BC010_01.48
The SAP Gateway Service
An external R/3 System
Gatewayserver
SAP Gateway Service
Communication to an external R/3 System
What is Basis?BC010_01.49
CPI-C API
Work Process Work Process
Example: Work process communication
What is Basis?BC010_01.50
Remote Function Calls
Non SAP system
Example: Communication with an external system
What is Basis?BC010_01.51
EDI Architecture
MM(Customer)
IntermediateDocument Type
EDI Subsystem
Communication
SD(Vendor)
IntermediateDocument
EDI Subsystem
What is Basis?BC010_01.52
An SAP Instance
SAP Dispatcher
Work Processes
SAP Instance
Operating System
TCP/IP Software
What is Basis?BC010_01.53
An SAP Central Instance
EnqueueWork Process
SAP Dispatcher
Work Processes
SAP Central InstancePeripheral Instance “A”
Message Service
Peripheral Instance “B”
Operating System
TCP/IP Software
What is Basis?BC010_01.54
An SAP System
SAP Dispatcher
Work Processes
SAP Instance
Operating System
TCP/IP Software
DATABASEEnqueque
Work Process
SAP Central Instance Message
Service
SAP Dispatcher
Work Processes
Operating System
TCP/IP Software
SAP Dispatcher
Work Processes
SAP Instance
Operating System
TCP/IP Software
What is Basis?BC010_01.55
SAP Servers
SAP Server/ Instance8 Dialog Work
Processes3 Background Work
Processes1 Spool Work
ProcessesSAP Server/ Instance3 Dialog Work
Processes8 Background Work
Processes1 Spool Work
Processes
What is Basis?BC010_01.56
The GTC Training System
• 8 Dialog• 3
Background• 1 Spool
Instance LOC A
JulioOracle
Database
Louis• 8 Dialog• 3
Background• 1 Spool
Instance LOC B
Clint
• 2 Dialog• 2
Background• 3 Update• 1 Enqueue• 1 Spool• Msg Service• Gateway
Central Instance
Louis