01.PMA EV Presentation (1)

7/30/2019 01.PMA EV Presentation (1)

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HISTORY OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Presented by AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERNG 2012-14

AHMED SYED 123701

IBRAHIM MUSTEFA 123708


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Electric vehicles have been around since the mid-1800s, were

manufactured in volume in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and

declined only with the emergence and ready availability of cheap

gasoline. First oil discovery 1859, Internal combustion engines 1885


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Electricity is everywhere. In one place it lights a factory, inanother it conveys a message,and in a third it drives anelectric vehicle. Electricity is transportable it can be

generated at a low-cost location and conveniently shippedhundred of miles to where it is needed.

Alessandro Volta, building on the experiments of Luigi

Galvani in 1782, invented the electric batteryhis Voltaicpilein 1800.

Joseph Henry, building on the experiments of Han ChristianOersted in 1819 and Andre Ampere in 1820, created the first

primitive direct current (DC) electric motor in 1830.

Michael Faraday demonstrated the induction principle andthe first electric DC generator in 1831.


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Battery-powered electric technology was applied to the first

land vehicle by Thomas Davenport in 1834, to a small boat by

M. H. Jacobi in 1834, and to the first battery-powered

locomotive the five-ton Galvaniby Robert Davidson in

1838.

Moses Fanner unveiled a two-passenger electric car in 1847,

and Charles Page showed off a 20-mph electric car in 1851,

but Gaston Plantes lead-acid rechargeable battery

breakthrough of 1859improved upon by Camille Favre in

1881 and H.

Nikola Teslas alternating current (AC) induction motor of

1882 and subsequent polyphase patents paved the way for

the AC electrical power distribution infrastructure we use

today.


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By the 1890s, DC power distribution via dynamos had been

in use for a decade. AC power distribution began with the

1896 Niagara Falls power plant contract award to George

Westinghouse.

By 1912, the peak production year for early electrics, 34,000

cars were registered.

Thomas Edisons 1889-vintage electric vehicle was a test

platform for his rechargeable nickel-iron battery

experiments.

Clara Bryant Ford (Mrs. Henry Ford) could have any

automobile she wanted, but she chose the Detroit Electric

now on display at the Henry Ford Museum.


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Camille JenatzysJamais Contente (a streamlined vehiclepowered by two 12-hp electric motors riding on narrow 25-inch diameter tires) went 66 mph in April, 1899a record

that stood for three years until broken by the Baker ElectricTorpedo in 1902 at 78 mph, and later by the Torpedo Kidin 1904 at 104 mph. In 1900, the French B.G.S. Companyselectric car set the worlds electric distance record of 180miles per charge.

The lessons of World War I were simple those whocontrolled the supply of oil won the war.

Meanwhile, internal combustion engine vehicle registrationsin the United States exploded from one-half million in 1910,to 9 million in 1920, to 27 million in 1930, and slowed by thedepression, to 33 million in 1940.


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1940 to 1989 : This period included the golden age of the

internal combustion engine vehicle and ended up with legislative

efforts in states and the federal government regarding oil shocks

and a renewed interest in electric cars. World War II Oil Lessons Are Learned by All. They relearned the

lesson from World War I: Whoever controls the supply of oil wins

the war.

Oil was the one resource Japan did not have at all, While Japanlost World War II long before 1945, it learned its oil lesson well

and converted to the oil standard soon after the war.

More oil had been discovered in Bahrain in 1932, and in Kuwait

(Burgan field) and Saudi Arabia (Damman field) in 1938. In 1943,

as all eyes turned toward the Middle East with its reservesvariously estimated at around 600 billion barrels, the United

States government proposed the solidification plan to assist the

oil companies (that is, share the financial risk) in Saudi Arabian

oil development.


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Japan Gets More Serious About Evs : From the Lexus to

the Prius to the Camry, hybrid drive is a world-class drive

system. From the Toyota RAV4 EV I drove to the plug-in-

hybrid cars they will inevitably launch in the future, Japan is

an automotive power. Throughout the rest of the 1970s allJapans big nine automakersDaihatsu, Honda, Isuzu,

Mazda (Toyo Kogyo), Mitsubishi, Nissan, Subaru, Suzuki,

and Toyotawere involved in EV activities, although some

to a greater extent than others.


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With oil and gasoline prices again approaching their 1970s

levels, everyone lost interest in EVs, and the capital coffersof the smaller EV manufacturers were simply not large

enough to weather the storm. Even research programs were

affected. From mid- 1983 until the early 1990s, it was as if

everything having to do with EVs suddenly fell into a black

holethere were no manufacturers, no books, not evenmany magazine articles.

Individuals assisted by more and better everything during the

last wave now had to make do with more modest resourcelevels.


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01.PMA EV Presentation (1)