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Why do we have ships?

For the carriage of cargo safely

speedily

economically

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General Information about Ships The seas occupy 70%

of the face of the earth 97% of world trade is

carried out by sea

Cargo carried: 30% crude oil

9% iron ore

8% coal

5% grain

8% oil products

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General Information about Ships

-continued

Average age of ships 18 years Maximum age of ships 25-30 years

40 years of oil reserves remaining

70 years of natural gas reserves remaining

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What determines the

Design of a Ship?

Type of cargo Type of construction and material used

Area of operation, e.g. worldwide Maritime rules, either national or

international

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MPA

MPA is Maritime and Port Authority,Singapore

It used to be called PSA, and has the

function to keep the port safe, sea-lanes free

and the waters pollution free

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Classification Societies

These are independent technical bodieswhich ensure that ships are sea-worthy.

They can also perform ship inspections for

flag states.

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Classification Societies

Examples:

Lloyds Register of Shipping

American Bureau of Shipping Bureau Veritas

Det Norske Veritas

Germanischer Lloyd

NKK

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Major Commercial Ship Types

General Cargo Ship Container Ship

Tanker Bulk Carrier

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Other Ship Types

Refrigerated cargo ship LPG/LNG ship

Roll-on/Roll-off ship Tug

Passenger liner Oil rig

Offshore supply vessel

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The End