01625-Morocco survey 2005 ex sum

8/14/2019 01625-Morocco survey 2005 ex sum

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Executive Summary

Morocco Cannabis Survey 2005

January

2007

ROYAUME DU MAROC

LE PREMIER MINISTRE

AGENCE POUR LAPROMOTION ET

LE DEVELOPPEMENT

ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL DES

PREFECTURES ET PROVINCES DU

NORD DU ROYAUME


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#

#

Taza

Taounate

C

hefchaouen

Larache

AlHoceima

Tetouan

Assilah

Tan-

gier

Fahs-Bni

Makada

Assilah

Rualam

Umeras

Umeras

Asilah

Martil

Larache

Tetouan

Taounate

Ouezzane

Tarquist

Taguidit

ElJabha

Ouad-Laou

Chefchaouen

AlHoceima

Ulad

Mohand

SidiSliman

e

KsarElKebir

MechrabelKsiri

SoukElArbaa

duRharb

Tangier

Nador

6W

6W

5W

5W

4W4

W

35N

35N

Morocc

o-NorthernProvinces:CannabisCultivation

,2005

Spain

Algeria

Morocco

Portugal

Source:GovernmentofMorocco/UNODCCannabisSu

rvey2005

Theboundar

iesandnamesshownandthedesignation

susedonthismapdonotimplyofficialendorsementoracceptancebytheUnitedNa

tions.

ProjectionUTM30N-WGS84

0

25

50

12.5

km

Eradicationa

rea

Cannabiscultivation

Forestandscrub

Others

Lakes

#

Ma

incities

Surveyarea

Pro

vinceboundaries

Ma

inroads


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FACT SHEET

2004 Variation 2005

Cannabis cultivation 120,500 ha -40% 72,500 haOn rain-fed land (bour) 88% 80%

On irrigated land 12% 20%

Cannabis yield

On rain-fed land (bour) 750 kg/ha -39% 459 kg/ha

On irrigated land 1,270 kg/ha 43% 1,821 kg/ha

Gross cannabis production 98,000 mt -46% 53,300 mt

Cannabis extraction rate 2.82 % -29% 2.0%

Potential production of cannabis resin 2,760 mt -62% 1,066 mt

Distribution of farm gate sales

Sale of raw cannabis 66 % -32% 45%

Sale of cannabis resin 34 % 62% 55%

Cannabis sale price

For raw cannabis 25 Dh/kg 100% 50 Dh/kg

For cannabis resin 1,400 Dh/kg 186% 4,000 Dh/kg

Total farmers income from cannabis Dh 2.9 billion 21% Dh 3.5 billion

US$ 325 million 19% US$ 386 million

263 million 24% 325 million

Number of households cultivating cannabis n/a 89,900

Average gross household income from cannabis peryear

Dh 30,000 30% Dh 38,900

US$ 3,300 30% US$ 4,300

2,700 33% 3,600

Seizures in Morocco

Of raw cannabis 319 mt -64% 116 mt

Of resin 87 mt 11% 97 mt

Annual turnover of international trade in cannabisresin of Moroccan origin

US$ 13 billion -57% US$ 5.6 billion

10.8 billion -57% 4.6 billion


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Morocco Cannabis Survey 2005 was implemented by the Government of Morocco withsupport from UNODC's Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme (ICMP). The objective of ICMP is toassist the international community in monitoring the extent and evolution of illicit crops, namelycoca bush, opium poppy and cannabis, in the context of the elimination objective adopted by theGeneral Assembly Special Session on Drugs in June 1998.

Despite decreases in the area under cannabis cultivation for the second consecutive year, Moroccoremains on of the main producers of cannabis resin (hashish) in the world. It supplies primarily theEuropean market. The Northern Region of Morocco, where most of the cannabis cultivation isconcentrated, is spread over five provinces and covers an area of roughly 20,000 square kilometres.

The survey area covered the Rif region in the North of the country. Using SPOT satellite imagery,the area under cannabis cultivation was estimated at 72,500 hectares, which is a decline of 40%

compared to 2004. This significant decrease was the result of the combined effects of adverseweather conditions, an awareness campaign by the Government to convince farmers to give upcannabis cultivation, and eradication activities.

Figure 1: Cannabis cultivation (hectares), 2003 to 2005

134,000

120,500

72,500

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

2003 2004 2005

Hectares

The reduction was most pronounced in the province of Chefchaouen, where the area undercannabis cultivation decreased from 79,195 hectares (2004) to only 40,529 hectares (2005). Thiscorresponds to a decrease by 46%. Despite this encouraging reduction, the province remains thelargest cannabis producing province, and contributes to 56% of the total cannabis area in thecountry.


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Table 1: Cannabis cultivation by province (hectares), 2005

Province Cannabis (ha)2005

As % of total cannabiscultivation 2005

Chefchaouen 40,529 56%Taounate 12,362 17%

Al Hoceima 11,671 16%

Tetouan 7,916 11%

Larache (eradicated) 0%

Total (rounded) 72,500 100%

The potential gross cannabis production was estimated at 53,000 metric tons in 2005. This is adecrease by 46% compared to 2004 (98,000 metric tons). This decrease is a result of the decreasein area under cannabis cultivation. The impact of an increased proportion of irrigated cannabisfields, which usually have much higher yields than rain-fed fields, was negligible as irrigated

fields had only a share of 20% of the total cannabis area.

Figure 2: Gross cannabis production (metric tons), 2003 to 2005

109,000

98,000

53,300

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

2003 2004 2005

Metricto

ns

Assuming that all the cannabis was transformed into cannabis resin with a ratio of 2 kg of resinper 100 kg of raw cannabis, the total potential production of cannabis resin was estimated at 1,066metric tons in 2005. This is a decrease by 61% compared to 2004 (2,700 metric tons). Thedecrease in potential resin production is more pronounced than for raw cannabis due to a lowerresin extraction ratio compared to 2004.

Cannabis prices doubled in 2005, from 25 Dh/kg (2004) to 50 Dh/kg (2005) for raw cannabis, as aresult of the decreases in production. Prices for cannabis resin almost tripled from 1,400 Dh/kg(2004) to 4,000 Dh/kg (2005). Farmers processed a larger proportion of their raw cannabis harvestinto resin (55%) for sale, which, together with the high price for cannabis resin, led to a overallincrease by 21% in farmers income from cannabis in 2005. The total farmers income from the saleof cannabis was 3.5 billion dirham (US$ 386 million or 325). This amount is equivalent to 0.8%of the GDP in 2004 (Dh 443.67 billion).


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Figure 3: Prices and production of cannabis and cannabis resin, 2003 to 2005

35 Dh/kg

25 Dh/kg

50 Dh/kg

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2003 2004 2005

Dh/kg

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

Grosscannabisproduc

tion

(mt)

Gross cannabis production Price of raw cannabis

1,400 Dh/kg 1,400 Dh/kg

4,000 Dh/kg

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

2003 2004 2005

Dh/kg

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Resinproduction(mt

)

Resin production Price of cannabis resin

With an estimated number of 89,000 households cultivating cannabis in 2005, the gross annualincome from cannabis per household amounts to Dh 38,900 (US$ 4,300 or 3,600). Based on anaverage of 8.5 persons per household, about 760,000 persons were involved in cannabiscultivation in 2005.

The annual turnover of international trade in resin of Moroccan origin was estimated at US$ 5.5billion ( 4.6 billion).


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#

Fahs-Bni

Makada

Tan-

gier

Assilah

Tetouan

AlHoceima

Larache

Che

fchaouen

Taounate

Nador

Taza

Tangier

SoukElArbaadu

Rharb

MechrabelKsiri

KsarElKebir

SidiAbdallah

SidiSlimane

UladMohand

AlHoceima

ChefchaouenOu

ad-Laou

DarDrius

ElJabha

Taguidit

Tarquist

Ouezzane

Taounate

Tetouan

Larache

Guercif

Martil

Asilah

Umeras

Umeras

Rualam

Taza

Fes

AlManzla

AlHoceima

TharEssouk

KariatBa

Mohamed

Tetouan

SidiAlMandri

Tetouan

AlAzhar

Ghafsai

SidiLhaj

M'Hamed

DarBni

Karrich

Imzouren

BniOunjel

T

afraout

BniGmil

Maksouline

BniBouayach

AitYoussef

Ouali

BniAhmed

Cherqia

SidiYahya

BniZeroual

MoulayAhmed

Cherif

Messassa

Rghioua

Zaitoune

FennassaBab

ElHit

RissanaChamalia

ElBibane

Fnidq

Taouante

Jbel

Lahbib

BniAhmed

Gharbia

SoukKdim

Oulad

AliMansour

Ksar

ElMajaz

OuladOuchich

OuladAyyad

ElBsabsa

ZaouiatSidiKacem

ZaouiatSidi

Abdelkader

BniHafida

Taghzout

Sidi

Mokhfi

BniFaghloum

SidiM'HamedBenLahcen

BniAhmed

Imoukzan

Ouad

Malha

MoulayAbdelkrim

Kalaat

Bouqorra

Tifarouine

SidiBouzineb

BniAbdallah

M'Diq

Saddina

OuladDaoud

Bni

Boufrah

Timezgana

BniMansour

AbdelghayaSouahel

MoulayBouchta

SidiBoutmim

OuadJemaa

ArbaaTaourirt

Tissa

A

lKharroub

Bouadel

Tamsaout

AinMediouna

Martil

Mallalienne

Souaken

BniIdder

SoukTolba

AinMaatouf

Outabouabane

Bghaghza

BniBounsar

BniDarkoul

RissanaJanoubia

Louta

BniSalah

Izemmouren

Bouchabe

l

Issaguen

Ketama

BniSaid

Tizga

ne

AinLahsan

Mezraoua

Jouamaa

Bouarouss

KsarBjir

BniSnous

SidiElAbed

Zrizer

Sahtryine

AlOuad

BniBouchibet

Imrabten

AitKamra

RasElOuad

AlHamra

Khlalfa

Tabouda

Bouhouda

BouJedyane

BniHarchen

K

issane

BniLeit

BniSmih

Oudka

Allyene

Nekkour

Mansoura

BniSelmane

AinAicha

BabBerred

Laghdir

Tafrant

BniBouzra

Ourtzagh

Ouaouzgane

Chakrane

BniRzine

BniBchir

Ste

ha

Zarkat

BniGmil

BniOulid

Sahel

Amtar

Brikcha

Ghouazi

Iounane

BniAmmart

Moqrissat

Anjra

Taghramt

Azla

Rouadi

Tanaqoub

BniArouss

Ayacha

BniGarfett

Laouamra

Zouada

Zaaroura

AinLegdah

Tazroute

Galaz

Jbabra

Talambote

Senada

Derdara

AinBeida

Zinat

Ratba

Tassift

Mkansa

Fifi

Tamorot

Loulja

Mtioua

Tamedit

SoukL'Qolla

BabTaza

Asjen

Tatoft

Zoumi

Assilah

6W

6W

5W

5W

4W4

W

34N35N

35N

Morocco-NorthernProvinces:CannabisCultivation

byCommune,

2005

Spain

Algeria

Morocco

Portugal


rvey2005

Theboundar



tions.

Projectio

nUTM30N-WGS84

0

30

60

15

km

Cannabiscultivation

(ha)

Eradicated

#

Maincities

601-1200

1201-1800

1801-2400

>2400

Nocannabis

Su

rveyarea

Pr

ovinceboundaries

Communeboundaries

1-600


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#

A

ssilah

Taza

Nador

Taounate

Chefchaouen

Larache

AlHoceima

Tetouan

Assilah

Ta

n-

gier

Fahs-Bni

Makada

Fes

Taza

Rualam

Umeras

Umeras

Asilah

Martil

Guercif

Larache

Tetouan

Taounate

Ouezzane

Tarquist

Taguidit

ElJabha

DarDrius

Ouad-Laou

Che

fchaouen

AlHoce

ima

UladMohand

Sidi

Slimane

SidiAbdallah

KsarElKebir

Mech

rabelKsiri

SoukElArbaaduRharb

T

angier

Zoumi

Tatoft

Asjen

BabTaza

SoukL'Qolla

Tamedit

Mtioua

Loulja

Tamorot

Fifi

Mkansa

Tassift

Ratba

Zinat

AinBeida

Derdara

Senada

Talambote

Jbabra

Galaz

Tazroute

AinLegdah

Zaaroura

Zouada

Laouamra

BniG

arfett

Ayacha

BniArouss

Tanaqoub

Rouadi

Azla

Taghramt

Anjra

Moqrissat

BniAmmart

Iounane

Ghouazi

Brikcha

Amtar

Sahel

BniOulid

BniGmil Z

arkat

Steha

BniBchir

BniRzine

Chakrane

Ouaouzgane

Ourtzagh

BniBouzra

Tafrant

Laghdir

BabBerred

AinAicha

BniSelmane

Mansoura

Nekkour

Allyene

Oudka

BniSmih

BniLeit

Kissane

BniHarchen

BouJedyane

Bouhouda

Tabouda

Khlalfa

AlHamra

RasElOuad

AitKamra Im

rabten

BniBouchibet

AlOuad

Sahtryine

Zrizer

SidiElAbed

BniSnous

KsarBjir

Bouarouss

Jouamaa

Mezraoua

AinLahsan

Tizgane

B

niSaid

Ketama

Issaguen

Bouchabel

Izemmouren

BniSalah

Louta

RissanaJanoubia

BniDarkoul

BniBounsar

Bghaghza

Outabouabane

AinMaatouf

SoukTolba

BniIdder

Souaken

MallalienneMartil

AinMediou

na

Tamsaout

Bouade

l

AlKharroub

Tissa

ArbaaTaourirt

OuadJemaa

SidiBoutmim

MoulayBouchta

AbdelghayaSouahel

BniMansour

Timezgana

Bni

Boufrah

OuladDaoud

Saddina

M'Diq

BniAbdallah

SidiBouzineb

Tifarouine

Kalaat

Bouqorra

MoulayAbdelkrim

OuadMalha

BniAhmed

Imoukzan

SidiM'HamedBenLahcen

BniFaghloum

Sidi

Mokhfi

Taghzout

BniHafida

ZaouiatSidi

Abdelkader

ZaouiatSidiKacem

ElBsabsa

OuladAyyad

OuladOuchich

Ksar

ElMajaz

Oulad

AliMansour

SoukKdim

BniAhmed

Gharbia

Jbel

Lahbib

Taouante

Fnidq

ElBibane

RissanaChamalia

FennassaBab

ElHit

Zaitoune

Rghioua

MessassaMo

ulayAhmed

Cherif

SidiYahya

BniZeroual

BniAhmed

Cherqia

AitYoussef

Ouali

BniBouayach

BniGmil

Maksouline

BniOunjel

Tafraout

Imzouren

DarBni

Karrich

SidiLhaj

M'Hamed G

hafsai

Tetouan

AlAzhar

Tetouan

SidiAlMandri K

aria

tBa

Mohamed

TharEssouk

AlHoceima

A

lManzla

6W

6W

5W

5W

4W4

W

34N35N

35N

Morocco-NorthernProvince

s:GrossCannabisPro

ductionbyCommune,

2005

Spain

Algeria

Morocco

Portugal


rvey2005

Projection

UTM30N-WGS84

0

30

60

15

km

Theboundar



tions.

Grosscannabisproduction

(metrictons)

Ma

inCities

Nocannabiscultivation

#

51-500

501-1000

1001-2000

>2000

Surveyarea

Provinceboundaries

Co

mmuneboundaries

1-50

Eradicated


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Retailpricesforcannabisres

ininNorthAfricaandin

Europe(US$/gramme)

,2004

Source:U

NODCAnnualReportQuestionnaireandE

UROPOL.

Theboundaries,namesanddes

ignationsusedinthismapdonotimplyoffic

ialendorsementoracceptancebytheUnitedNations.

8US$/gramme

Indicativeestima

tion

Nodata

2-

5US$/gramm

e

Price(2002)

Price(2003)

* **

Min.price

4.5

Additionaldata:

Max.price

Average/typicalprice

Average/typicalprice

US

$0.5

(US$0.4-0.6

)

RetailpriceinMorocco

(2003):

Farm

gatepricesforresinpowder

inMorocco(2003):

0.09US$/gramme

}

Island

Eston

ia

Russia

Latvia

Lithuania*

Ireland

United

K

ingdom

Denmark

Germany

Netherlands

Belgique

Poland

Romania

Rep.of

Moldo

va

France

Switzerld.

Spain

Portugal

Marocco

*

Algeria*

T

unisia**

Italy

Greece

Croatia**

Slov.

Slovakia

Austria

CzechRep.

Belarus

Norway

Sw

eden

Finland

11

2.8

0.5

0.5

10

.8

1.5

Serbia&

Montenegro

Sba&

Moe

oFYR

Macedonia

H

y15

9.3

12

.4

12

.1

9.4

.5

5.5

12.4

7.6

24

.8

7.5

9.3

10

.2

1212.7

3.0

8.2

6.8

4.5

7.5

27.6

8.2

11

.4

5.0

9.0

11

.1

.7

6.2

5

.0

1

0

.2

7.9


12/12

Sources:

UNODCAnnualReportsQuestionnaire,

MoroccoCannabisSurvey

Report2004.

Theboun

daries,namesanddesignationsu

sedinthismapdonotimplyofficialendorsementoracceptanceby

theUnitedNations.

MaintraffickingroutesofMor

occancannabisresin,

2004

Belgium

39,921

Netherlands

16,101

Ge

rmay

5

,473

Portugal

28994

Algeria

12,373

Tunisia

2,311

Ireland

3,226

United

Kingdom

69,030*

Norwa

y

2,092

Sweden

820

Finland

46

7

Esto

nia

84

France

103,705

Italy

15,924

Switze

rld.

300

CzechRep.

23

Austria

427

Slovenia

8 Croatia5

Hungary

2

Slovakia

1

Lithuan

ia

2

Poland

41

Maintraffickingrouteso

f

Moroccancannabisres

in

Principaldestinationcountries

forMoroccancannabis

resin

Seizuresin2003

Cannabisresinproduction,

2004

Totals

eizuresofcannabisresininWe

stern

andC

entralEurope:1

,083metrictons(2004)

*Figu

res

Cannabisresin

seizures(kg),2004

Denmark

1,757

Island

37

Spain

7

94,437

Morocco

Seizures:

86,000

Production:

2,760m

t

Documents

01625-Morocco survey 2005 ex sum