01-SAMSS-042

Previous Issue: 4 February 2009 Next Planned Update: 27 December 2013

Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right margin Page 1 of 38

Primary contact: Mehdi, Mauyed Sahib on 966-3-8760234

CopyrightSaudi Aramco 2011. All rights reserved.

Materials System Specification 01-SAMSS-042 21 June 2011 Reinforced Thermoset Resin (RTR) Pipe and Fittings in Water and Hydrocarbon Services

Document Responsibility: Materials and Corrosion Control Standards Committee

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Table of Contents

1 Scope............................................................. 2

2 Conflicts and Deviations................................. 2

3 References..................................................... 2

4 Responsibilities.............................................. 5

5 Materials......................................................... 6

6 Mechanical and Physical Properties............ 14

7 Inspections and Acceptance........................ 18

8 Manufacturer Submittals.............................. 19

9 Packaging, Shipping and Handling.............. 20

10 Quality Program........................................... 20

11 Procurement.. 21 Appendix A Data Sheet..................................... 27

Appendix B Pipe Specification.......................... 29

Appendix C Manufacturer Submittals................ 30

Appendix D Visual Examination........................ 33

Document Responsibility: Materials and Corrosion Control Standards Committee 01-SAMSS-042

Issue Date: 21 June 2011 Reinforced Thermoset Resin (RTR) Pipe and

Next Planned Update: 27 December 2013 Fittings in Water and Hydrocarbon Services

Page 2 of 38

1 Scope

a) This Materials, Manufacture, Qualification and Procurement Standard applies to

Reinforced Thermoset Resin (RTR) pipe and fittings for use in the following

applications:

Crude oil, gas gathering lines, flowlines and trunklines

Sweet and sour service

Process water and water injection

Exception:

This specification does not apply to RTR pipe intended for use in utilities and fire water applications as per 01-SAMSS-029 and 01-SAMSS-034.

b) This Specification applies to:

Aboveground and buried piping systems.

High pressure piping systems (MAOP 500 psi) and low pressure piping systems (MAOP < 500 psi).

2 Conflicts and Deviations

2.1 Any conflicts between this specification and other applicable Saudi Aramco

Materials System Specifications (SAMSSs), Engineering Standards (SAESs),

Standard Drawings (SASDs), or industry standards, codes, and forms shall be

resolved in writing by the Company or Buyer Representative through the

Manager, Consulting Services Department of Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.

2.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this specification in writing to the Company or

Buyer Representative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302

and forward such requests to the Manager, Consulting Services Department of

Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.

3 References

The following references in force on the date of the Purchase Order form a

supplementary part of this specification, as applicable:

3.1 Saudi Aramco References

Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedure

SAEP-302 Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a

Mandatory Saudi Aramco Engineering




Page 3 of 38

Requirement

Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

SAES-L-610 Nonmetallic Piping

SAES-L-650 Construction of Nonmetallic Piping in

Hydrocarbon and Water Injection Systems

3.2 Industry Codes and Standards

American Petroleum Institute

API SPEC 5B Specification for Threading, Gauging and Thread

Inspection of Casing, Tubing, and Line Pipe

Threads

API SPEC 15HR HR Specification for High Pressure Fiberglass

Line Pipe. Applicable to 1 in. through 8 in.

(25 mm through 200 mm) pipe and fittings for

operating pressures over 1,000 psi (6,895 kPa)

API SPEC 15LR Specification for Low Pressure Fiberglass Line

Pipe. Applicable to 2 in. through 12 in. (50 mm

through 300 mm) diameter pipe of epoxy or

polyester resin for use at cyclic pressures to

1,000 psi (6,895 kPa)

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS

through NPS 24 Metric/Inch

American Standards for Testing and Materials

ASTM C581 Standard Practice for Determining Chemical

Resistance of Thermosetting Resins Used in

Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Structures Intended for

Liquid Service

ASTM C582 Standard Specification for Contact-Molded

Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic (RTP)

Laminates for Corrosion-Resistant Equipment

ASTM D543 Standard Test Method for Resistance of Plastics to

Chemical Reagents

ASTM D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid

Plastics




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ASTM D696 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Linear

Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between -30C

and 30C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer

ASTM D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of

Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and

Electrical Insulating Materials

ASTM D792 Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific

Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by

Displacement

ASTM D1559 Standard Test Method for Resistance to Plastic

Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall

Apparatus

ASTM D1598 Standard Test Method for Time-to-Failure of

Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure

ASTM D1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time

Hydraulic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing,

and Fittings

ASTM D2105 Test Method for Longitudinal Tensile Properties

of Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber- Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Tube

ASTM D2143 Standard Test Method for Cyclic Pressure

Strength of Reinforced, Thermosetting Plastic

Pipe

ASTM D2290 Standard Test Method for Apparent Hoop Tensile

Strength of Plastic or Reinforced Plastic Pipe

by Split Disk Method

ASTM D2410 Standard Test Method for Finish Content of

Woven Glass Fabric, Cleaned and After-

Finished with Chrome Complexes, for Plastic

Laminates

ASTM D2412 Standard Test Method for Determination of

External Loading Characteristics of Plastic

Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading

ASTM D2584 Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured

Reinforced Resins

ASTM D2924 Test Method for External Pressure Resistance of

Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber- Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe




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ASTM D2925 Standard Test Method for Beam Deflection of

Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe under Full Bore

Flow

ASTM D2992 Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure

Design Basis for Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and

Fittings

ASTM D2996 Filament-Wound Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-

Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe

ASTM D3567 Standard Practice for Determining Dimensions of

Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe and Fittings

ASTM D3681 Standard Test Method for Chemical Resistance of

Fiberglass (GlassFiberReinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe in a Deflected

Condition

ASTM D4161 Standard Specification for Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe

Joints Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals

International Standards Organization

ISO 175 Plastics - Methods of Test for the Determination of

the Effects of Immersion in Liquid Chemicals

ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems Requirements

ISO 14692-1 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Glass-

Reinforced Plastics (GRP) Piping - Part 1:

Vocabulary, Symbols, Applications and

Materials



Qualification and Manufacture



System Design

National Association of Corrosion Engineers

NACE TM0298 Evaluating the Compatibility of RTR Pipe and

Tubulars with Oilfield Environments




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4 Responsibilities

a) Saudi Aramco shall develop the Purchase Datasheet Information, Appendix A.

b) As part of the bid, and based on the Purchase Datasheet Information (Appendix

A), the manufacturer will develop the following information:

Pipe Specifications to cover each material, size and pressure class in the scope of the bid. The contents of the Pipe Specification shall include, as a minimum,

the information listed in Appendix B.

Basis for the material selection, and material compatibility for pipe, fittings, components, in accordance with Section 2 of this Specification.

Material certificates including the materials, dimensional, design, physical and mechanical properties listed in Appendix C.

c) Based on the data submitted by the manufacturer, Saudi Aramco shall evaluate:

The completion of the submittal

The suitability of the submittal

d) Upon acceptance of the manufacturer submittals, Saudi Aramco shall use the

manufacturer data to develop:

The system design in accordance with the Design Standard SAES-L-610.

The installation procedure in accordance with the Installation Standard SAES-L-650.

5 Materials

5.1 API and ISO Compliance

a) High pressure pipe and fittings (500 psi and higher rated pressure) shall be

fabricated and inspected in accordance with API SPEC 15HR.

b) Low pressure pipe and fittings (below 500 psi) shall be fabricated and

inspected in accordance with API SPEC 15LR.

c) The pipe and fitting manufacturer shall be API and ISO 9001 certified.

d) All pipes and fittings procured under this Specification shall be API

monogrammed.

5.2 Pipe and Component Materials

a) RTR pipe and fittings shall consist of thermosetting resin reinforced with

glass fiber.




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b) Carbon or aramid fiber may be used to reinforce fittings or end joints.

c) Carbon fiber may be used to provide electrical conductivity.

d) Reinforced Thermoset Resin (RTR) pipe is made from two primary raw

materials: fiberglass, and a resin system. An epoxy resin also includes a

curing agent. The glass provides strength to the pipe, the resin provides

corrosion resistance, protecting and encapsulating the glass.

e) RTR pipe is preferred to steel because of its wide range of corrosion

resistance to a broad range of fluids, its corrosion resistance in soils

(whereas steel requires coating and a maintained cathodic protection

system), and its light weight. RTR is primarily limited by temperature

which, depending on the resin and curing agent, ranges between 60C to

100C.

f) Fiberglass pipe is available for high pressure service (500 psi and above),

or low pressure service (below 500 psi).

5.2.1 Fiberglass

a) The glass fiber shall be of the highest quality commercial grade

E-glass filament.

b) Fiberglass is material made from fibers of glass in continuous

lengths or woven rovings. Carbon fiber may also be used at

threaded ends to reinforce the ends. The fiberglass is procured by

the pipe manufacturer from a fiberglass manufacturer. The fiber is

wetted with the resin and its curing agent, and wound around a

mandrel in multiple passes. The winding angle and the number of

winding passes will determine the wall thickness and strength of

the finished pipe.

5.2.2 Resin Systems

a) The resin shall be a premium grade, and the same resin shall be

used throughout.

b) Acceptable resins shall be one of the following:

epoxy resins

polyester resins

vinylester resins

c) Catalysts and promoters shall be recommended by the resin

manufacturer.

d) The resins used shall not contain fillers except as required for

viscosity control, fire or smoke retardance, and UV protection.




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5.2.2.1 Glass-Reinforced Epoxy

i) Epoxy is a thermosetting epoxide polymer that cures

(polymerizes and crosslinks) when mixed with a catalyzing

agent or hardener. Curing refers to the toughening or

hardening of a polymer material by cross-linking of

polymer chains, brought about by chemical additives.

ii) The chemical resistance and temperature resistance of

epoxy resins depend on the choice of curing agent.

Common curing agents are: anhydride, aliphatic amine, or

aromatic amine.

5.2.2.1.1 Anhydride Cured Epoxy: Anhydride cured epoxy is

less susceptible to acid attack due to its acidic

nature.

5.2.2.1.2 Aliphatic and Cycloaliphatic Amine Cured Epoxy:

Aliphatic is a compound composed of carbon and

hydrogen which (unlike aromatic compounds) does

not contain aromatic rings. Cycloaliphatic amines

are comprised of a cyclic hydrocarbon structural

component and an amine functional group external

to that ring.

5.2.2.1.3 Aromatic Amine Cured Epoxy: Aromatic is a

compound composed of carbon and hydrogen which

contains benzene rings or similar rings of atoms.

Amine cured epoxy has excellent chemical resistance

to base environments due to its basic nature.

5.2.2.2 Glass-Reinforced Polyester

Polyester is a category of polymers which contain the ester

functional group (R-COO-R) in its main chain.

5.2.2.3 Glass-Reinforced Vinylester

a) Vinylester is a low viscosity resin produced by the

esterification of an epoxy resin with an unsaturated

monocarboxylic acid. It can be used as an alternative to

polyester and epoxy materials in matrix or composite

materials, where its characteristics and strength are

intermediate between polyester and epoxy.

b) Vinyl ester resins are defined in ASTM C582.




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5.3 Manufacture

a) High pressure Pipe furnished to this specification shall be produced by

filament winding (FW).

b) Low pressure pipe furnished to this specification shall be produced by

filament winding (FW) or centrifugal casting (CC) methods.

c) Components furnished to this specification shall be produced by

compression molding (CM), centrifugal casting (CC), filament winding

(FW) or resin transfer molding (RTM) methods.

d) Reinforced Thermoset Resin (RTR pipe) consists of continuous glass fiber

filaments (fiberglass strings) or roving (fabrics), embedded in a cured

thermosetting resin. In many cases the pipe contains a resin rich corrosion-

resistant thermosetting interior or exterior surface. The glass provides the

strength, while the resin provides the chemical resistance. The RTR pipe

may also contain aggregate, granular or platelets fillers, pigments or dyes.

5.4 Material Compatibility

5.4.1 Pipe and Fittings Materials

a) The manufacturer shall specify the pipe and fitting material

compatibility, given the range of operating parameters.

b) The supplier shall document the basis for the pipe and fitting

material compatibility with the fluid, environment, and operating

conditions, for the 20 year design life.

c) A laminate shall be provided which consists of an interior layer and

an exterior layer, to achieve optimum chemical resistance.

d) The interior layer shall provide abrasion resistance, based on the

Purchase Data Sheet (Appendix A).

e) Material compatibility shall be established by the supplier by one

of the following methods:

Documented proof, with references, of successful field experience, including fluid, environment, time and operating

conditions

NACE TM0298, Evaluating the Compatibility of RTR Pipe and Tubulars with Oilfield Environments

ISO 175, Plastics - Methods of Test for the Determination of the Effects of Immersion in Liquid Chemicals

ASTM C581 for chemical resistance in liquid service




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ASTM D3681 for chemical resistance in a deflected condition (strain corrosion)

ASTM D543 test method for resistance of plastics to chemical reagents

f) In all cases, the pipe shall be capable of withstanding the design

pressure (LTHS and short-term burst) at the design temperature,

the bending limit (curvature), and maintain its glass transition

temperature Tg, following the exposure test.

g) RTR pipe is susceptible to degradation in certain chemicals and

environments, and therefore, RTR pipe manufacturers publish

Chemical Resistance tables, indicating the chemical and

temperature for which each pipe is resistant. Examples are

provided in Tables 2.4.1-1 to 2.4.1-4.

5.4.2 Elastomeric Seal Materials and Gaskets

a) The manufacturer shall specify the seal and gasket material

compatibility, given the range of operating parameters.

b) The supplier shall document the basis for the seal and gasket

material compatibility with the fluid, environment, and operating

conditions, for the 20 year design life.

c) Examples of elastomeric seals and gasket materials include:

d) Buna-N: Nitrile (NBR) commonly used for RTR pipe O-rings.

However, they have a limited resistance to sour service.

Hydrogenetade nitriles have a better resistance to sour service.

Presently, the seal industrys most widely used elastometer is Nitrile which combines excellent resistance to petroleum-based oils

and fuels, silicone greases, hydraulic fluids, water and alcohols,

with a good balance of such desirable working properties as low

compression set, high tensile strength, and high abrasion resistance.

Its hardness shall be Shore A 40 through 90.

e) Neoprene: Commonly used for RTR pipe flange gasket below

225 psi rated pressure (Class 150 flange), in the range of 1/8 in

(3 mm) thick and Shore A hardness of 60 to 70 durometer.

An early developed, oil-resistant substitute for Natural Rubber,

Neoprene features moderate resistance to petroleum oils; good

resistance to ozone, sunlight and oxygen aging; relatively low

compression set; good resilience; reasonable cost; and high

resistance to attack by Freon and Ammonia. It s hardness shall be

Shore A 40 through 90.




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f) Teflon: Commonly used for flange gasket material for high

pressure applications in the form of spiral wound Teflon and

304 stainless steel.

g) Ethylene-Propylene (EPM/EPDM): Featuring good resistance to

such polar solvents as ketones (MEK & Acetone). EPM/EPDM is

also highly recommended for effective resistance to steam (to

400F), hot water, silicone oils and greases, dilute acids and

alkalies, alcohols and automotive brake fluids. Its hardness shall

be Shore A 40 through 90.

h) Polyurethane: Outstanding extrusion and abrasion resistance,

tensile strength, and low friction qualities. Cast Polyurethane

compounds feature excellent resistance to mineral-based oils and

petroleum products, aliphatic solvents, alcohols and certain

polyurethane elastomers have good resistance to sour gas service.

Its hardness shall be Shore A 70 through 90.

i) Viton: Combining high temperature toughness with wide chemical

agent compatibility, Fluorocarbon compounds feature excellent

resistance to petroleum products and solvents, with good high

temperature compression set characteristics.

j) Fluorosilicone: Combining the good high and low temperature

stability of Silicones with the fuel, oil, and solvent resistance of

fluorocarbons. FS compounds feature good compression set and

resilience properties. FS compounds are suitable for exposure to

air, sunlight, ozone, chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Its

hardness shall be Shore A 50 through 80.

k) Fluorocarbons: Organofluorine compounds that contain only

carbon and fluorine. They are considered resistant to sour gas, if

they are properly formulated. Durometer Shore A 50 thru 80.

5.4.3 UV protection

a) UV protection shall be required for all pipes, fitting and

components.

b) Ultraviolet effects will cause the outer layer of the RTR pipe to

change color and the fiber to bloom. This effect is superficial

(affects only 0.25 mm of the outside diameter). While it does not

affect the strength and pressure rating of he pipe, the surface

becomes rough and can cause cuts when touching or handling the

pipe.

c) RTR pipe can be UV protected by field painting or it can be

procured with UV protection incorporated into the pipe by the




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manufacturer. It is this second approach that is adopted in this

Specification.

5.5 Pipe Joints

5.5.1 High Pressure

a) High pressure pipe shall be threaded, with or without elastomeric

seal.

b) If an elastomeric seal is used, its material shall comply with

ASTM D4161.

c) Thread dimensions shall comply with API 5B and API SPEC 15HR

Section 5.3.2 and 5.3.4.

d) High pressure pipe joints are typically threaded (API 5B thread

dimensions) or threaded with an elastomeric seal (O-ring seal).

Some manufacturers add graphite to the threaded to improve their

strength and wear resistance.

e) ASTM D4161 specifies materials and performance requirements

for elastomeric seals used with RTR pipe. The requirements

include materials of manufacture, joining and leak tightness

capability in straight, sheared and deflected pipe joint position.

5.5.2 Low Pressure Joints

a) Low pressure pipe joints for hydrocarbon service shall be butt and

wrap or flanged.

b) Low pressure joints for water service shall be bell-and-spigot,

socket, flanged or butt and wrap.

c) Low pressure pipe joints come in a variety of forms:

Bell-and-spigot shall be assembled by pushing one end of one pipe into the end of the adjacent pipe. The joint is held by an

adhesive and may require thrust blocks to prevent the joint

from opening. The joint may also include an O-ring seal.

Socket joint shall be assembled by pushing the ends of two adjacent pipes into a socket piece.

RTR flanged joint with steel bolts and a pair of steel backing rings.

Butt and wrap where plain end pipes are butted together and wrapped with multiple layers of a resin containing mat or

woven roving.




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The first two types of joints rely solely on friction and are therefore limited to low-pressure water service application.

They will require thrust blocks or axial restraints to keep the

joint sealed when the pipe is pressurized.

5.5.3 Flanges

a) Flange bolt circles, bolt holes and face dimensions shall be in

accordance with ASME B16.5.

b) The use of ASME B16.5 flanges for RTR pipe is standard practice.

It permits the use of standard steel bolts. RTR flanges will require

washers and a steel backing ring, as specified by the manufacturer.

ASTM A193 Grade B7 bolts or studs, and ASTM A194 Grade 2H

nuts are commonly used.

5.6 Commercial Sizes

a) The manufacturer shall determine the pipe size, based on the inner

diameter provided by the Owner and the thickness determined by the

manufacturer based on pressure rating.

b) Dimensional tolerances of supplied pipe, for total wall thickness and for

reinforced wall thickness, shall be +22.5% and -0% in accordance with

API SPEC 15HR.

c) Pipe jointers (two pieces coupled to form one length) are not permitted.

d) RTR pipe sizes are determined by the manufacturer, given the inner

diameter (established based on flow rate) and thickness (established based

on pressure rating). Pipes are typically supplied in lengths of

approximately 10 meters (33 ft). Each length of pipe is often called a

joint. Examples of high pressure pipe sizes are listed in Table 2.6-1.

5.7 Tolerances

a) Tolerances shall be in accordance with API SPEC 15HR for high pressure

pipe and fittings, and API SPEC 15LR for low pressure pipe and fittings.

b) Tolerances for inside diameter, wall thickness and minimum reinforced

wall thickness are provided in API SPEC 15HR and API SPEC 15LR.

5.8 Cut Edges

All cut edges shall be coated with resin so that no glass fibers are exposed and

all voids filled.




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5.9 Markings

a) Markings shall be in accordance with API SPEC 15HR for high pressure

and API SPEC 15LR for low pressure.

b) API SPEC 15HR requires the manufacturer name, the symbol 15HR, the nominal size, a unique identification number, the pressure rating, the date

of manufacture.

6 Mechanical and Physical Properties

a) The mechanical and physical properties for RTR pipe and fittings must be

developed for materials representative of production.

b) The manufacturer shall demonstrate that the mechanical and design properties

developed on laboratory specimens apply to the supplied pipe and fittings. This

applicability shall establish, as a minimum, the following equivalency:

Glass material

Winding angles and thickness

Resin composition

Curing agents

Density

Degree of Cure

Aggregates

Fillers

Pigments

Dyes

c) An example of mechanical and physical properties of RTR pipe is given in Tables

3-1 and 3-2.

6.1 Hydrostatic Design Stress SS (ASTM D1598, ASTM D2143, ASTM D2992)

a) The manufacturer shall provide the hydrostatic design stress of the pipe

and fittings, determined in accordance with ASTM D2992.

b) The RTR pipe sizing equations in API SPEC 15HR (high pressure pipe) and

API SPEC 15LR (low pressure pipe) are based on the Hydrostatic Design

Stress (HDS) SS. ASTM D2992 establishes the procedure for obtaining the

Hydrostatic Design Stress (HDS) and, for complex-shaped fittings, the

Hydrostatic Design Pressure (HDP), which are used in design for sizing

RTR pipe and fittings. For high pressure pipe (pressure rating of 500 psi

and larger, API SPEC 15HR) and low pressure pipe (pressure rating below




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500 psi, API SPEC 15LR) the ASTM D2992 procedure can be described in

five steps:

Step 1 - A minimum of 18 specimens are exposed to a series of constant

internal pressures, at a controlled temperature, and the time to

failure is measured for each pressure. These failure tests are

conducted in accordance wth ASTM D1598 with some

adjustments described in ASTM D2992. Low pressure pipes can

be tested under static pressure (as is the case with high pressure

pipes), or tested under cyclic pressure in accordance with

procedure ASTM D2143.

Step 2 - The failure pressures (or hoop stress) versus times to failure are

plotted on a log-log scale. The plot is extrapolated to obtain the

Long Term Hydrostatic Strength (LTHS) and the Long Term

Hydrostatic Pressure (LTHP), typically defined for failure

projected at 20-years of service. Since experimental failure plots

contain a statistical scatter, a 95% Lower Confidence Limit (LCL)

is used to obtain the LTHS and LTHP.

Step 3 - The LTHS and LTHP are then converted to a Hydrostatic Design

Basis (HDB) for cylindrical pipes and fittings and the Pressure

Design Basis (PDB) for more complex-shaped fiberglass

products. This is done by combining the LTHS and LTHP, in

accordance to a procedure in ASTM D2992. For example, LTHS

that fall between 2400 psi (16500 kPa) to 3010 psi (20700 kPa)

are assigned an HDB of 2500 psi (17200 kPa). For low pressure

pipes tested by cyclic pressure the HDB is labeled HDBC.

Step 4 - Finally, the HDB and PDB are multiplied by a service design

factor (a design margin) to obtain the Hydrostatic Design Stress

(HDS) and Hydrostatic Design Pressure (HDP) respectively. The

design factor is specified in API SPEC 15HR as Sf = 0.67. For

low pressure pipe rated based on cyclic pressure tests the design

factor is Sf = 1.0.

Step 5 - The manufacturer documents the tests used to develop LTHS and

LTHP, the regressions used to develop HDB and PDB, and the

margins used to establish HDS and HDP in a report required by

ASTM D2992.

6.2 Pressure Rating (API SPEC 15HR, API SPEC 15LR, ASTM D2992)

a) The pressure rating of high pressure RTR pipe shall be established by the

manufacturer in accordance with API SPEC 15HR, Equation (1) or

Equation (2) corrected to include the Service Factor Sf = 0.67.




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b) The manufacturer shall provide the 95% Lower Confidence Limit (LCL)

of the Long-Term Hydrostatic Strength (LTHS) at 20 years, developed in

accordance with ASTM D2992 Procedure B at the specified design

temperature or higher.

c) The pressure rating of high pressure RTR fittings and components shall be

established by the manufacturer in accordance with API SPEC 15HR,

Section 5.1.2.

d) The manufacturer shall correct the pressure rating of the piping and fittings

to account for the chemical degradation caused by the fluid for the 20 year

design life. The correction factor for temperature and fluid environment

shall be conducted in accordance with ISO 14692-2:2002 Appendix D

which permits a 1000 hour environment survival test.

6.3 Short-Term Burst Pressure (API SPEC 15HR, API SPEC 15LR, ASTM D1559)

a) Fittings and components shall be tested for short-term burst strength in

accordance with API SPEC 15HR Section 5.1.4. The short-term burst

pressure shall exceed the specified short-term burst pressure.

b) Test procedure ASTM D1599 is established to determine the resistance of

RTR pipe and fittings to short-term over-pressure, at various temperatures.

The pipe specimens are conditioned at the required temperature, and then

the pressure is steadily raised until failure occurs between 60 to 70

seconds. This test provides useful information if the system will be

subjected to pressure transients (such as waterhammer) which exceeds the

rated pressure of the pipe or fitting. It is recommended in the design

standard that a sufficiently thick pipe be selected so that, even in case of

pressure transient, the rated pressure is not exceeded.

6.4 Longitudinal and Hoop Tensile Properties (ASTM D2105, ASTM D2290)

a) The manufacturer shall provide the longitudinal hoop tensile hoop stress in

accordance with ASTM D2105 and ASTM D2290.

b) The design of RTR piping systems requires determination of the stress-

strain properties of the material, in particular the modulus of elasticity and

yield stress. The longitudinal properties are obtained by tensile tests in

accordance with ASTM D2105. The hoop properties are obtained in

accordance with ASTM D2290.

6.5 Parallel Plate Loading (ASTM D2412)

a) The manufacturer shall provide the pipe ring stiffness and ovality limit in

accordance with ASTM D2410.




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b) The design of buried RTR pipe requires determination of the ring

deflection pipe stiffness of the pipe PS, as well as the ovality limit of the

pipe. The pipe stiffness is obtained by ring deflection tests of sections of

RTR pipe between parallel plates, in accordance with ASTM D2412. The

ovality limit is obtained by observation of the deflected pipe for evidence

of visible pipe or liner cracking, pipe delamination (separation of

components of the pipe wall), or liner crazing (network of fine breaks in

the liner), in accordance with ASTM D2412.

6.6 External Pressure Resistance (ASTM D2924)

a) The manufacturer shall provide the maximum permitted external

differential pressure in accordance with ASTM D2924.

b) The design of RTR pipe may require design for differential external

pressure, for example when the pipe operates at sub-atmospheric pressure,

or when the pipe is under the water table. The external pressure resistance

of RTR pipe by buckling, compression or leakage under external

differential pressure is determined in accordance with ASTM D2924.

6.7 Glass Transition of Pipe and Fittings

a) The resin of pipe and fittings shall have a glass transition temperature Tg

greater than or equal to the larger of (a) 95C and (b) the design

temperature plus 30C.

b) The glass transition temperature Tg shall be established through

differential scanning calorimetry, in accordance with Appendix C of

API SPEC 15HR, at a minimum frequency of once per shift for each resin

system used at each manufacturers facility.

c) A differential scanning calorimeter measures the difference in heat flow

required to heat the sample compared to a reference specimen. The first

inflexion point in the heat flow vs. temperature curve indicates the glass

transition temperature Tg of the sample. The glass transition temperature,

Tg, is the temperature at which the RTR pipe becomes brittle on cooling,

or soft on heating. Below the glass transition temperature, Tg, the glass

state is maintained and joining bonds remain intact. DSC is widely used as

a quality control check of the quality of the RTR pipe curing.

6.8 Glass Transition of Adhesives

Where pipes are joined with adhesives, the glass transition temperature of the

cured adhesive shall not be less than 95% of the minimum value quoted by the

manufacturer for the adhesive or resin system.




Page 18 of 38

7 Inspections and Acceptance

7.1 Manufacturer

7.1.1 Inspection Standard

a) High pressure pipe and fittings shall be inspected and tested in

accordance with API SPEC 15HR.

b) Low pressure pipe and fittings shall be inspected and tested in

accordance with API SPEC 15LR.

7.1.2 Dimensions

The following dimensions shall be determined in accordance with

ASTM D3567:

Internal diameter

Outside diameter

Weight

Minimum wall thickness

Reinforced wall thickness

Laying length

7.1.3 Glass Content

Glass content shall be inspected in accordance with ASTM D2584, as a

minimum once per lot, but not less often than once per week. Glass

content shall be in accordance with the manufacturer specification, but

not less than 7080% for filament wound pipe, 6575% for filament wound fittings.

7.1.4 Hydrotest

a) The manufacturer shall hydrotest each high pressure pipe, fitting

and component, at 1.5 times the rated pressure at ambient

temperature, for a minimum of 2 minutes. For every 50th

joint the

pressure shall be maintained for a minimum of 10 minutes.

b) For low pressure pipes, one pipe out of a lot of 5,000 feet, and all

low pressure fittings except bushings and flanges, shall be

hydrotested or pneumatically tested, at 1.5 times the rated pressure

at ambient temperature.




Page 19 of 38

7.1.5 Degree of Cure

The degree of cure shall be determined by DSC according to Section 3 of

this Specification:

For pipes: at a minimum once per shift for each resin system.

For fittings: at a minimum one fitting per 100 units fabricated.

The Tg shall be not more than 5C below the minimum Tg or the pipe or

fitting.

7.1.6 Short-Term Hydrostatic Failure Test

The short-term hydrostatic failure pressure (ASTM D1599) shall be

conducted once per lot of 5,000 ft of pipe, and once per lot of 100 fitting

or components units. The failure pressure shall be greater than 85% of

the published value.

7.1.7 Visual Inspection

All pipes, fittings and components shall be visually inspected to the

visual standards of Appendix D.

7.1.8 Retest

If a component fails any of the required tests, the manufacturer shall

retest 2 components of the same lot. If one or both components fail, the

whole lot shall be inspected for the failed parameter, each deficient

product of the lot shall be identified and discarded.

7.2 Inspection by Saudi Aramco

a) The manufacturer shall maintain all materials and fabrication records for a

minimum of 5 years from the date of shipment to Saudi Aramco, and make

the records available to Saudi Aramco upon request, with one week notice.

b) Saudi Aramco reserves the right to issue inspection notice for plant access,

sub-contractors and suppliers access, compliance, rejection.

8 Manufacturer Submittals

8.1 Pipe and Fitting Data

The manufacturer shall submit the pipe and fitting specifications (Appendix B),

and the manufacturer Input Sheet (Appendix C) to permit the Owner to verify




Page 20 of 38

the quality of materials, pipes, fittings and components, to design the system, to

inspect and repair the system where necessary.

8.2 Field Handling and Installation Instructions

a) In addition, the manufacturer shall submit the field handling, storage, and

installation requirements for aboveground and buried applications.

b) The manufacturer shall submit field joining procedures, including required

experience and training of installation personnel.

c) The manufacturer shall submit field hydrotest limitations.

9 Packaging, Shipping and Handling

a) The pipe and fitting ends shall be sealed to prevent damage, and penetration of

dirt, water, humidity or contaminants.

b) Flange faces shall be protected.

c) Yard storage shall be in accordance with the manufacturer requirements.

d) The pipes shall be set on a flat surface, free of sharp edges.

e) Support pipe on a minimum of four equally spaced racks.

f) Maintain end protectors throughout storage.

g) If they are to be bundled, pipes and fittings shall be secured by straps; chains are

not permitted.

h) Precautions shall be in place to tie-down pipes and fittings to prevent overturning

or fall subject to high winds.

i) Gaskets and adhesive systems and lubricants shall be stored in their original

packing in accordance with the manufacturer recommendations.

j) The stored adhesive systems or lubricants shall be discarded if they have an

expired shelf life.

k) Pipes shall be visually inspected for damage before shipment.

10 Quality Program

a) The manufacturer quality program shall be in accordance with ISO 9001,

API SPEC 15HR for high pressure pipe, and API SPEC 15LR for low pressure

pipe.

b) The manufacturer shall have and maintain an up-to-date Quality Manual.

c) The manufacturer shall institute a raw material control program, with evidence of

audits of raw material suppliers.




Page 21 of 38

d) The manufacturer shall maintain written procedures for:

Receipt acceptance of raw materials

Storage of raw materials

Mixing procedures

Cure procedures

Fabrication practices

Personnel training and qualification

e) The manufacturer shall have an independent Quality Control inspection function.

f) All equipment and instruments used in Quality Control shall be identified,

controlled and calibrated at least every 6 months.

g) Pressure gages shall be accurate within 2% of full scale range.

h) All pipes, fittings and components shall be traceable, through their markings, to

the manufacturing plant, the lot and its raw material.

11 Procurement

11.1 Materials

(Specify the material if it is a re-order, or specify as follows)

11.1.1 The Supplier shall select the appropriate pipe and fitting in compliance

with the Design Input Sheet, Appendix A.

11.1.2 The pipe material shall be compatible with the fluid, environment

specified in Appendix A, for a 20-year design life.

11.1.3 The manufacturer shall submit the basis for FRP material selection,

and proof of compatibility with the fluid and environment specified.

11.1.4 Pipe shall be filament wound.

11.1.5 Fittings may be filament wound or centrifugal cast.

11.2 Material Certificates

11.2.1 The Supplier shall submit the material certificates for the fiberglass,

traceable to pipe and fittings.

11.2.2 The Supplier shall submit the material certificates for the resin systems

and curing agents, traceable to pipe and fittings.




Page 22 of 38

11.2.3 The Supplier shall submit the material certificates for graphite fiber

(if used), traceable to pipe and fittings.

11.2.4 Each pipe shall contain a legible, embedded label indicating, as a

minimum:

Manufacturer name

Product code

Traceability to production facility, date, lot

Nominal size

Pressure class

11.3 API Compliance

11.3.1 High Pressure Pipe (pressure rated at 500 psi and above) shall be

fabricated by an API SPEC 15HR certified manufacturer.

11.3.2 Low Pressure Pipe (pressure rated below 500 psi) shall be fabricated

by an API SPEC 15LR certified manufacturer.

11.3.3 Pipe and fittings shall be API monogrammed.

11.3.4 Reference standards for physical and mechanical properties shall be in

accordance with Appendix B.

11.4 Shipping

Shipping shall be by means of seaworthy crates in cube containers.

11.5 Transport

Transport to the field shall be in original crates or in dedicated (Fiberglass Only)

flat bed trailers, tied-down with straps (not chains).

11.6 Receipt Inspection and Storage

Each delivery shall be inspected by the Buyer. Inspection will include, but not

be limited to:

11.6.1 The trailer load or container load shall be checked for load shifting

which may have occurred during transportation.

11.6.2 The ends shall be checked for missing or broken end protectors.

11.6.3 The quantities of pipes and fittings shall be checked.




Page 23 of 38

11.6.4 Pipe and fittings shall be inspected for conformance to the Purchase

Order.

11.6.5 Joining kits (adhesive bonds, lubricants, etc.) shall be inspected for

conformance to the manufacturer installation manual and the

Engineering Design, and for evidence of damage or tempering.

11.6.6 The pipe label shall be inspected to verify conformance to the

Engineering Design.

11.6.7 As a minimum, the label shall confirm the pipe manufacturer, size,

material, and pressure rating.

11.6.8 The product code for each pipe and fitting shall be verified to be

traceable to the material certificate prior to installation.

11.6.9 Pipes and fittings shall be inspected to assure that each end is properly

sealed with a cap.

11.6.10 Pipes and fittings shall be inspected for evidence of damage or

distortion.

11.6.11 Mark and quarantine pipes or fittings which do not pass the receipt

inspection, pending disposition.

11.6.12 Pipe edges shall be inspected to be smooth, not prone to cutting skin on

contact.

11.6.13 Threads type and size shall be inspected to be in accordance with

API SPEC 5B.

11.7 Field Support

11.7.1 The Supplier shall provide Installer training and certification services.

11.7.2 A Supplier field service representative shall be on site for the purpose

of training the installation crew and inspection of delivered product.

11.7.3 The Supplier shall specify the crew size needed for handling and

joining the pipe and fittings for joining and installation.

11.7.4 The supplier shall provide technical expertise and onsite assistance,

necessary, to troubleshoot joining or installation problems encountered

should they arise.




Page 24 of 38

11.8 Ends Protection

11.8.1 Pipe and fittings shall be sealed and protected with solid protectors.

11.8.2 The Supplier shall provide wire brush for ends and thread cleaning.

11.9 Adhesives, Lubricants and Sealants

11.9.1 The supplier shall provide a sufficient quantity of adhesives, lubricants

and sealants required to join the quantity of pipe and fittings supplied.

11.9.2 High pressure pipe and fittings: The Supplier shall furnish thread

lubricants and sealants compatible with the fluid, temperature and

pressure specified in Appendix A.

11.9.3 Low pressure pipes and fittings: The Supplier shall furnish all tools

and materials necessary for preparation and joining, including hack

saws, molds, tapering tools, epoxy kits, adhesives, chemical heat packs

and woven roving.

11.10 Flange Kits

The Supplier shall provide a number of flange kits, as specified in the order.

The flange kit shall include all parts necessary for field joining, including:

Two flange halves compatible with the pipe

Spiral-wound gaskets compatible with the parameters specified in the Design Input Sheet (Appendix A)

Studs and nuts

Steel backing rings (if required)

Bolt sequence and, if required, torque

11.11 Make-Up Tools

The Supplier shall provide joint make-up tools for the materials and dimensions

supplied, including strap wrenches and metal friction wrenches and bearing pads

as necessary.

11.12 Field Hydrotest

11.12.1 The Supplier shall specify the recommended hydrotest water chemistry.

11.12.2 The Supplier shall specify the hydrotest pressure limit.




Page 25 of 38

11.13 Records

The Supplier shall maintain at the manufacturer facility or other facility to be

approved by the Buyer the material records and certificates for all materials

purchased, including compliance to the applicable Standards listed in Appendix B.

11.14 Submittals

11.14.1 The Supplier shall submit a Pressure Rating Report prepared and

signed by the manufacturer to document the basis for the pressure

rating, including pressure transients, in accordance with API SPEC

15HR and API SPEC 15LR.

11.14.2 The Supplier shall submit the completed Manufacturer Input Sheet

(Appendix B).

11.14.3 The Supplier shall submit material certificates, traceable to each pipe

or fitting label.

11.15 Manufacturer Quality Program

11.15.1 The Manufacturer shall be ISO certified.

11.15.2 The Manufacturer shall be API SPEC 15HR and API SPEC 15LR

certified.

11.15.3 The Buyer shall have the right to audit the facilities of the

manufacturer, the Supplier and all their suppliers or sub contractors

upon provision of a two-week notice of such an audit.

11.15.4 Buyer audit may include but shall not be limited to:

Certification records

Manufacturing records

Manufacturing and storage facilities

Engineering calculations and reports

Testing and Analytical Lab Capabilities

Outsourcing interfaces

11.16 Warranty

(Company-specific. Note: FRP pipe and fittings are typically supplied with a

one-year warranty.)




Page 26 of 38

Revision Summary 27 December 2008 New Saudi Aramco Materials System Specification. 18 January 2009 Editorial revision. 4 February 2009 Editorial revision. 21 June 2011 Editorial revision to remove the committee members list.




Page 27 of 38

Appendix A Data Sheet

The end user (or representative) should fill out the form below.

Table A Purchase Data Sheet Information

1. Saudi Aramco Organization/End User

End User Representative

1.1 Responsible Engineer

1.2 Organization Code

1.3 e-mail

1.4 Telephone No.

2. Project

2.1 Project Name

2.2 Location

2.3 Type of System (Flowline, piping, etc.)

2.4 Special Operations

3. Basic Design Data

3.1 Pipe Nominal Diameter, mm

3.2 Pipe Nominal Internal Diameter, mm

3.3 Pipe length, meters

3.4 Design Life, years

3.5 Operational Temperature Min: Max:

3.6 Design Temperature Min: Max:

3.7 Ambient Temperature Min: Max:

3.8 Operational Pressure Min: Max:

3.9 Design Pressure Min: Max:

3.10 Expected Cycle Working Pressures Min: Max

3.11 Field Hydrostatic Pressure Min: Max:

3.12 External Pressure Min: Max:

3.13 Load Soil Min: Max:

3.14 Road Crossing Requirements

3.15 Fluid Velocity Min: Max:

3.16 Flow Rate (BPD oil/condensate; BPD water; MCF/D gas)

Min: Max:

3.17 Fluid particles Content and Size




Page 28 of 38

Table A Purchase Data Sheet Information (contd)

4. Fluid Service

4.1 Type (gas, water, oil, multiphase)

4.2 Fluid Composition Please, attached fluid chemical analysis

4.3 If applicable, Oil/Water/Gas Ratio

4.4 CO2 Content

4.5 H2S Content

4.6 Other Chemicals (Inhibitor/type, etc.)

4.7 Fluid Maintenance Requirement (Acid Cleaning, Hot oil, etc.)

5. Special Pipe Requirement

5.1 Type of Resin

5.2 Type of Joint System

5.3 Fire Resistance Performance

5.4 Conductivity

5.5 API Monogram requirement

5.6 Sand or suspended solids

6. Installation Details

6.1 Description of Installation (above/below ground)

6.2 Ground Conditions (Sandy, Rocky,etc.)

6.3 External environment (Temp, sun, etc.)

6.4 Installation Procedure

6.5 External interference hazards

6.6 Routing and spatial

6.7 Future Tie-in requirements

6.8 End fitting interface requirements (FF, RF, RJ Flange, other)

6.9 Delivery date required

7. Operational Requirements

7.1 Inspection Requirements Internal/External

7.2 Pigging Requirements

7.3 Reparability Requirements

7.4 Impact resistance requirements

7.5 External wear requirements




Page 29 of 38

Appendix B Pipe Specification

Example of a Pipe Specification Submitted by the Manufacturer

(For Illustration Only)

Table B Example of a Pipe Specification

Size NPS 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10 12

Spec 1000 -20 to 100F at 1000 psi

Crude Oil Service

Pipe

Mfr. Pr Class

1500 1000 minimum

Threads 10 rd 5B EUE 8rd 5B OD 8rd

Materials Glass fiber epoxy composite (Ali. Amine, Aro. Amine, Anh.)

Fabrication Filament wound pipe only, ASTM D2996, API SPEC 15HR

Flange

Pr. Class Class 600 flat face

Ends 10 rd 5B EUE 8 rd 5B OD 8rd

Material Ali. Amine cured Epoxy resin, Glass fiber, Composite (specify)

Fabrication Filament wound flange only

Fittings

Pr. Class 1500 1000 minimum, Exceeds pipe

Threads 10 rd 5B EUE 8rd 5B OD 8rd

Material Ali. Amine cured Epoxy resin, Glass fiber, Composite (specify)

Fabrication Filament wound fitting only

Bolting ASTM A193 Grade B7 bolts, ASTM A194 Grade 2H hex nuts

Gaskets Spiral wound Teflon-304 stainless steel




Page 30 of 38

Appendix C Manufacturer Submittals

Table C Manufacturer Input Sheet

Product Description

Manufacturer Notes

Product name

Product code

Pipe designation code (ASTM D2996)

Size

Maximum pressure at maximum temperature

Joining method

Body reinforcement type and supplier

Ends reinforcement type and supplier

Resin

Curing agents

UV protection type and depth (if any)

Repair nipples threaded

Repair nipple flange

API SPEC 15HR and API SPEC 15LR Standards and Certifications

Certification (API, ISO)

API SPEC 15HR

API SPEC 15LR

Design life 20 years

Fluid Compatibility

Chemical resistance list with technical basis

Application

Sour service limit




Page 31 of 38

Size and Dimensions

Inside diameter (nominal)

Volume capacity (gallons/liters)

Reinforced wall thickness and tolerance

Total wall thickness and tolerance

Outside diameter (nominal)

Length

Size (saddles only)

Connection outside diameter

Thread type, length

Ends insertion depth

Phyical Properties

Total weight per joint

Linear weight

Density

Specific gravity (ASTM D792)

Coefficient of thermal conductivity

Coefficient of thermal expansion (ASTM D696)

Tensile modulus of elasticity axial (ambient temperature) (ASTM D2105)

Tensile modulus of elasticity axial (maximum temperature) (ASTM D2105)

Tensile modulus of elasticity hoop (ambient temperature) (ASTM D2105)

Tensile modulus of elasticity hoop (maximum temperature) (ASTM D2105)

Compression modulus of elasticity (ambient temperature) (ASTM D695)

Compression modulus of elasticity (maximum temperature) (ASTM D695)

Beam bending modulus of elasticity (ambient temperature) (ASTM D2925)

Beam bending modulus of elasticity (maximum temperature) (ASTM D2925)

Ring flexural modulus of elasticity (ambient temperature) (ASTM D790)

Ring flexural modulus of elasticity (maximum temperature) (ASTM D790)

Poisson ratio (API SPEC 15HR Appendix F)

Abrasion resistance




Page 32 of 38

Mechanical Design Properties

Pressure rating

Ultimate pressure (ASTM D1599)

Factory hydrotest pressure

Factory hydrotest (100% if each piece is tested)

SS 95% LCL of LTHS (ASTM D2992 Procedure B) (room temperature)

SS 95% LCL of LTHS (ASTM D2992 Procedure B) (maximum temperature)

Ultimate tensile stress (ASTM D2105)

Design tensile stress (ASTM D2105)

Short-term tensile rated force

Axial compression ultimate stress (ASTM D695)

Axial compression design stress (ASTM D695)

Maximum permitted ovalization limit

Permitted bend radius if bent

Flexibility factor of fitting in-plane (ISO 14692-3)

Flexibility factor of fitting out-of-plane (ISO 14692-3)

Stress intensification factor in-plane (ISO 14692-3)

Stress intensification factor out-of-plane (ISO 14692-3)

Design allowable stress envelope (ISO 14692-3)

Beam bending design stress with applied design margin

Ultimate collapse external pressure (ASTM D2924)

Recommended support spacing

Recommended thrust blocks

Design Guide

Hydraulic Design Factors

Hazen-Williams coefficient

Manning coefficient (in or mm)

Surface roughness (in or mm)

Hydrostatic Test

Maximum pressure for field hydrotest




Page 33 of 38

Appendix D Visual Examination

Table D. Visual Examination and Acceptance Criteria

Defect Description Criterion Disposition

Note: The following acceptance criteria apply to the pipe body and fitting body, away from threads or sealing surfaces. No defects are permitted on threads or sealing surfaces.

Burn Distortion or discoloration of the RTR product surface.

None permitted. Reject

Chip

Small piece broken from edge or surface. If reinforcement fibers are broken, the damage is considered a crack.

If there are undamaged, fibers exposed over any area; or no fibers are exposed but an area greater than 10 mm x 10 mm lacks resin.

Minor repair

If there are no fibers exposed, and the area lacking resin is less than 10 mm x 10 mm

Accept

If more severe than the above

Reject

Crack Sharp cut that reaches the reinforcing fibers.


Crazing Fine hairline cracks at or under the surface of the component.

Crack lengths greater than 25.0 mm.

Minor repair

Crack lengths less than 25.0 mm.

Accept

Dry spot

Area of incomplete surface film where the reinforcement has not been wetted by resin.


Fracture

Rupture of the component with complete penetration of the laminate. Majority of fibers broken. Visible as lighter colored area of inter-laminar separation.


Impact mark

Discoloration and possible bubble reaching the reinforcement. Impact a spare sample with a hammer for reference.

None permitted Reject

Inclusion Foreign matter molded into the component.





Page 34 of 38

Defect Description Criterion Disposition

Pin hole Small round pit or porosity

Superficial, does not penetrate the reinforcement, less than 1 mm depth, and less than 1 per m

2.

Accept

UV induced fiber blooming

Discoloration and increased roughness of the pipe surface

None permitted on UV-protected pipe.

Reject

Void Air bubble

Superficial and less than 2 mm diameter and 0.5 mm deep, and less than 4 voids per m

2

Accept

If more severe than the above.

Reject

Wear scratch

Shallow mark caused by improper handling, storage and/or transportation. If reinforcement fibers are broken, the damage is considered a crack.

If there are undamaged, fibers exposed over any area; or no fibers are exposed but an area greater than 10 mm x 10 mm lacks resin.

Minor repair

If there are no fibers exposed, and the area lacking resin is less than 10 mm x 10 mm

Accept

If more severe than the above.

Reject




Page 35 of 38

Table 2.4.1-1 General Chemical Resistance

(Actual chemical resistance to be obtained from the manufacturer)

Fluid Epoxy Polyester or Vinylester

Inorganic

Dilute acids R R

Concentrated acids NR R

Oxidizing acids NR L

Alkalis R L

Acid gases NR L

Ammonia gases R R

Halogen gases NR R

Salts R R

Oxidizing salts NR R

Organic

Acids L R

Anhydride acids NR NR

Alcohols L L

Esters/Ethers L L

Hydrocarbons aliphatic L L

Hydrocarbons aromatic L L

Hydrocarbons halogenated L L

Natural gas R R

Synthetic gas L L

Oils R L

R = recommended, L = limited usage, NR = not recommended

Table 2.4.1-2 Example of Chemical Resistance of Epoxy-Based RTR to Hydrocarbons

(Actual chemical resistance to be obtained from manufacturer)

Anhydride Aliphatic Amine Aromatic Amine

oF

oC

oF

oC

oF

oC

Crude oil, sweet 150 65 200 93 210 99

Crude oil, sour 150 65 200 93 210 99

Diesel fuel 150 65 200 93 210 99

Fuel oil 150 65 200 93 210 99

Gasoline 150 65 200 93 210 99

Jet fuels 150 65 200 93 150 66

Kerosene 150 65 200 93 210 99

Naphta 100 38 200 93 210 99




Page 36 of 38

Table 2.4.1-3 Example of Chemical Resistance of Epoxy-Based RTR to Gases


Anhydride

Aliphatic Amine

Aromatic Amine

oF

oC

oF

oC

oF

oC

Air, wet and dry 150 65 200 93 210 99

Carbon dioxide, dry, < 800 psi 150 65 175 80 175 80

Carbon dioxide, dry, > 800 psi NR NR 150 65 150 65

Carbon dioxide, wet, < 800 psi 150 65 175 80 175 80

Carbon dioxide, wet, > 800 psi NR NR 150 65 150 65

Hydrogen sulfide, dry 150 65 175 80 175 80

Methane, natural gas 125 50 150 65 150 65

Sour gas (with < 5% H2S), wet, < 500 psi 100 38 200 93 210 99

Sour gas (with > 5% H2S), wet, < 500 psi NR NR NR NR NR NR

Table 2.4.1-4 Example of Chemical Resistance of Epoxy-Based RTR to Waters


Anhydride Aliphatic Amine

Aromatic Amine

F C F C F C

Water with brine, salt, KCl, Hard 150 65 200 93 210 99

Water, chlorinated (to 100 ppm) 100 38 150 65 150 66

Water, demineralized, distilled 100 38 200 93 200 93

Water, produced, sweet (CO2) 150 65 200 93 210 99

Water, produced, sour (H2S) 150 65 200 93 210 99

Water, sea 150 65 200 93 210 99




Page 37 of 38

Table 2.6-1 Example of Pipe Size and Pressure Rating for High Pressure Line Pipe

(For actual sizes and pressure rating consult the pipe manufacturer)

Rating at 150F (65.6

oC)

(psi)

Nominal Size

Outer Diameter in (mm)

Wall Thickness

in (mm)

Failure Pressure Psi (MPa)

Max. Support Span ft (m)

500 3 min 3.14 (79,8) 0.07 (1,8) 1500 (10,3) 10 (3,1)

8 max 7.75 (196,9) 0.13 (3,2) 1100 (7,6) 14 (4,3)

1000 2 min 2.14 (54,4) 0.07 (1,8) 2200 (15,2) 9 (2,8)

8 max 8.00 (203,2) 0.25 (6,4) 2100 (14,5) 17 (5,2)

1500 1.5 min 1.65 (41,9) 0.08 (1,9) 3100 (21,4) 8 (2,5)

8 max 8.25 (209,6) 0.38 (9,5) 3100 (21,4) 18 (5,5)

2000 1.5 min 1.71 (43,4) 0.11 (2,7) 4300 (29,6) 9 (2,8)

8 max 9.08 (230,6) 0.55 (14,0) 4200 (29,0) 20 (6,2)

2500 1.5 min 1.76 (44,7) 0.13 (3,3) 5200 (35,9) 9 (2,8)

4 max 4.59 (116,6) 0.34 (8,6) 5200 (35,9) 15 (4,6)

3000 1.5 min 1.82 (46,2) 0.16 (4,1) 6300 (43,4) 9 (2,8)

4 max 4.55 (115,6) 0.40 (10,2) 6300 (43,4) 15 (4,6)

Table 3-1 Approximate Physical and Mechanical Properties

(Actual RTR pipe properties to be obtained from the manufacturer)

Epoxy Polyester Vinylester

Specific Gravity 1.90 1.60 1.90

Water Absorption [% 24 hours at 73oF (23C)] 0.03 0.03 0.03

Hoop Tensile Strength [psi at 78F (26C)] 35,000 35,000 35,000

Axial Tensile Strength [psi at 78F (26C)] 9,000 9,000 9,000

Modulus of Elasticity in Tension [psi at 73oF (23C) x 10

6] 1.4 1.4 1.4

Flexural Strength [psi at 73F (23C)] > 20,000 > 20,000 > 20,000

Impact Strength (Izod, ft-lb/in, notch) > 25 > 25 > 25

Hoop Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (1/F x 10-6

) 6 6 6

Axial Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (1/F x 10-6

) 14 14 14

Thermal Conductivity (BTU/hr.ft2. F.in) 1.8 1.3 1.3

Supports Combustion No Yes Yes

Temperature limit (C) 66 to 100 70 100

Minimum operating temperature (C) - 35 - 35 - 35




Page 38 of 38

Table 3-2 Example of Physical and Mechanical Properties of High Pressure Epoxy Resin Line Pipe

(Actual RTR pipe properties to be obtained from the manufacturer)

Property Anhydride Aliphatic Amine Aromatic Amine

Maximum temperature F (C) 150F 65.6C

200F 93.3C

212F 100C

Life expectancy 20 years 20 years 20 years

20 year Average long term hydrostatic strength

(LTHS ASTM D2992-B)

23,270 psi at 150F 160,5 MPa at

65.6C

18,410 psi at 200F 126,9 Mpa at

93.3C

16,945 psi at 200F 116,8 Mpa at

93.3C

20 year Lower confidence limit (LCL ASTM D2992-B)

21,400 psi at 150F 147,6 Mpa at

65.6C

17,554 psi at 200F 121,0 Mpa at

93.3C

14,654 psi at 200F 101,0 Mpa at

93.3C

Density 121 lb/ft

3

1,94 10-3

kg/cm3

124 lb/ft3

1,93 10-3

kg/cm3

112 lb/ft3

1,8 10-3

kg/cm3

Specific gravity 1.94 1.99 1.80

Coefficient of thermal conductivity 0.23 BTU/ft.hr.F

0.14 W/m.C 0.23 BTU/ft.hr.F

0.14 W/m.C 0.23 BTU/ft.hr.F

0.14 W/m.C

Coefficient of thermal expansion 12.5 10

-6 1/F

22,6 10-6

1/C 8.7 10

-6 1/F

15,7 10-6

1/C 8.8 10

-6 1/F

15,8 10-6

1/C

Hoop modulus of elasticity 3.5 10

6 psi

24,1 GPa 3.3 10

6 psi

22,8 GPa 3.2 10

6 psi

22,8 GPa

Axial modulus of elasticity 1.5 10

6 psi

10,3 GPa 2.0 10

6 psi

13,8 GPa 1.82 10

6 psi

12,6 GPa

Poisson ratio 0.38 0.39 0.38

Documents

01-SAMSS-042