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8/11/2019 01. OSH Awareness
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http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_8/hard-work.mpg8/11/2019 01. OSH Awareness
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Discussed briefly are the;
1. COST of accident
2. Accident and theCONSEQUENCES
3. Terminology of ACCIDENT
4. CAUSES of accident5. Terminology of SAFETYand SAFETY AWARENESS
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Suffering Lost ofearningExtra
expensesEffect on family
Continuingdisability
Effect onsport &hobbies
VICTIM & DEPENDENTS
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Worry
Recrimination
Report, extra work, trainingnew staff
Lossprestige
SUPERVISOR
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MoraleCapacity to produce
SECTION/DEPARTMENT
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Loss ofearning
Compensati
Extrainsurancepremium
Lost of client Damage to the equipmentand materials
Loss in payingin legal action
Penalty
FIRM/ORGANISATION
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Loss of income in a form of incoLoss of morale
NATION
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IMMEDIATEDeathInjuryPain
DiseaseDamage
LossFear
SHORT TERMMedical Treatment
RepairsReplacements
Lost ProductionIncreased Costs
Discipline
Low Morale
LONG TERMSufferingDisability
Lost Income
InsuranceCompensation
MistrustMissed Targets
Profitability
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THEHIDDEN
UNINSUREDCOSTS(8 36
as much asinsured costs)
INSUREDCOSTS (1) Medical (covering injury, ill health) Compensation
Building damage Tool, equipment, material, product damage Production delays and interruptions
Legal expenses Expenditure on emergency first aid supplies Interim equipment rentals Investigation time/clearing site Wages paid for time lost
Costs hiring and/or training replacements Overtime working Extra supervisor time Loss of expertise/experience Decreased output of injured worker upon return Loss of business and goodwill
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300
29
1
NON-INJURY
MINOR INJURIES
SERIOUS / FATAL
THE HEINRICH
THEORY (USA -1931)
600
30
10
NON-INJURY
PROPERTY DAMAGE
MINOR INJURIES
THE BIRD THEORY(USA-1969)
1 SERIOUS / FATAL
400
80
50
PROPERTY DAMAGE
MINOR INJURIES(1 TO 3 DAYS MC)
THE TYE/PEARSONTHEORY (UK -1974/75)
1 SERIOUS / FATAL
3
FIRST- AID INJURIES
NON-INJURY / DAMAGE
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An unplanned event which results inunacceptable consequences
An undesireable event which interrupts normal activity
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Anunexpected, unplanned event insequence of events, that occurs through
a combination of causes. It results ininjury or disease to an individual,damage to property or
equipment, anear-miss,a loss or any combination of these effects.
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Workers always say that the workplace is :
HAZARDOUS * UNSAFE * DANGEROUS *BADLY ORGANISED
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Employers sometimes say that the worker is :CARELESS * RECKLESS * SILLY * ACCIDENT
PRONE * STUBBORN * INCONSIDERATE *
IGNORANT
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Accidents may be due to human errors .Workers are human and sometimes make mistakes this
must be acknowledged during workplace design .Employers can improve the workplace so that stress, fatigue
and poor working conditions do not cause mistakes.
HAS BLAMING EACH OTHER SOLVEDTHE PROBLEM ?
NOAS CAN BE SEEN FROM THE ACCIDENTFIGURES.
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MANAGEMENTSYSTEMS
WORK ACTIVITIES
OPERATINGRULES
ACCIDENTS
VIOLATIONS MISTAKES DIRECT CAUSE
ROOT CAUSE
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UNSAFE ACTSOF PERSONS
88%
UNSAFE MECHANICAL ORPHYSICAL CONDITIONS
10%
INEXPLICABLE
2%
MAN FAILUREKnowledge, Attitude, Fitness, Ability
MANAGEMENT
Through SupervisionControls
Which Causes or Permits
ACCIDENTS2% are unpreventable
50% are practically preventable98% are of a preventable type
Which Cause
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HEINRICH (1930s) Prevention on unsafe acts/condition.
Blaming the worker when management system
is at faults (prone worker approach).Five factors/stages in the sequence of events;1. Ancestry/Social Environment.
2. Fault Of A Person3. Unsafe Acts/Condition4. Accident5. Injury
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MULTIPLE CAUSATION THEORYMore that one cause to any accident. The multicauses is equivalentto the third stage in theHeinrich theory.
Heinrich made reference to
Underlying causes. Whatwere these cause.
Using 5W, 1H.
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DIRECTLYINVOLVED
Fatigue Stress Taking shorts cut Lack of experience
Lack of training Lack of concentration Not wearing appropriate PPE Using incorrect tool Not following work practices
INDIRECTLYINVOLVED
Fault with theoriginal design of apiece of equipment.
Inappropriate
purchasing decisions. Behavior of fellowindividuals in theworkplace.
THE HUMAN FACTOR
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Operating without clearance/failure to secure or warn. Operating or working at unsafe speed. Making safety devices inoperative.
Using unsafe equipment or equipment unsafely. Unsafe loading, placing, mixing, combining, etc.
Taking unsafe position of posture.
Working on moving of dangerous equipment. Distracting, teasing, abusing, startling, etc.
UNSAFE ACTS OF PERSON
Failure to use safe attire or personalprotective devices.
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UNSAFEACTS/CONDITION TYPICAL UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITION
Improper use equipment Incorrect tool selected for job; tool used in a manner for which itwas not intended; overloading, defeat or removal of safetydevices; use of obviously defective equipment.
Failure to make properuse of correct protectiveclothing/equipment.
Hot metal clothing not worn or left unbuttoned. Incorrect type ofglove/eye protection used. Failure to use safety harness/lifeline.
Failure to secure warn. Failure: to shut off equipment not in use; to place warning signsetc.; to lock or secure vehicles, switches, valves, ladders,materials against unexpected motion etc.; to warn others or giveinstructions.
Working at unsafespeed.
Jumping from heights, operating plants at unsafe speed, running,throwing materials, haste or short cuts taken, horseplaying.
Incorrect posture orimproper use of limbs.
Gripping objects insecurely, taking wrong hold, improper bodyposition adopted; attempting to lift excessive weight or move
awkward load manually.
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UNSAFEACTS/CONDITION TYPICAL UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITION
Inattention To footing or surrounds.
Personal unsafeposition
Standing/riding/walking in unsafe places. Unnecessaryexposure to moving equipment, or equipment/substanceswhich are hot.
Unsafe placement Of vehicles, materials or equipment (housekeeping).Hazardous plant/equipment/materials
Accident caused through equipment or plant/materials whichare rough; sharp; worn; hot; broken; improperly designed;constructed; assembled or maintained.
Unsafe operationalmethod
Use of inherently hazardous methods or procedures;inadequately lifting aids.
Inadequate personalequipment
Improper of inadequate clothing or equipment provided.
Unsafe precautions onplants/site equipment
Inadequate guarding, shielding, insulation, earthling, shoring,labeling.
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UNSAFEACTS/CONDITION TYPICAL UNSAFE ACTS/CONDITION
Unsafe storage Improperly stacked or placed equipment/materials;plant/ equipment inadequately secure against
movement.Environment hazards Excessive noise, insufficient space, clearance,
ventilation, lighting; inadequate traffic control;airborne dust; effects of room temperature.
Unsafe place of workand unsafe means ofaccess/egress.
Defective premises, low headroom, slippery floors,improperly designed or damaged stairs, catwalks,ladder etc.; holes in floors; house-keeping.
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SAFETY is absence of danger.SAFETY is an attitude , a frame of mind. It is theawareness of ones environment and actions, all
day, everyday. To do this does not require genius, aPhD, or even a title or rank.
SAFETY is knowing what is going on; knowing what can injure anyone or anything; knowing how
to prevent that injury and then acting to preventit . All it requires is intelligence and a reasonableamount of native ability to see, to hear, to smell
and to think.
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Being able torecognise unsafe practicesand conditions. Itrequires following safety procedures.
Getting to knowall you can about theconditions that
promote safety, including emergency response procedures.Signifies you towillingnessto take time toprevent accident.
Having theright attitude about safety, both your own andyour coworkers safety. Can help prevent injury, illness andaccidental damage to company property.
Being on thelookout for unsafe practicesand conditions inyour work area.
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Safety Awareness is all aboutunderstanding theneed to prevent avoidable accidentsand there
are three compelling reasons why every
organisation and every individualMUST acceptaccident prevention as vital element of all activityin the workplace.
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An accident can lead to achange oflifestyle that can be for an individual
and often for a whole family.
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Organisation face lossabsenteeism, higher accident compensation premium
Hidden cost of accidentsstopped production, spoilage of material, damage to plant and equipment, replacement of staff, training & re-
training, re-tooling, re-designing
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Social Security paymentstopeople injured in accidents,but not adequately coveredby other insurance.
Aid to dependent familieswhere income falls belowa minimum level.
Payments to legal personnelrelating to courtproceedings.
Preparation and issuance oflaws standards andregulations and theiradministration.
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