01-ORA000403 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO principle-corr

8/7/2019 01-ORA000403 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO principle-corr

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

All rights reserved

www.huawei.com

Internal

ORA000403 CDMA2000

1xEV-DO principle

ISSUE 1.0


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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 2All rights reserved

Chapter 1 IntroductionChap

ter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Abstract of Air interfaceChapter 2 Abstract of Air interface

Chapter 3 New TechnologyChapter 3 New Technology

Chapter 4 Important NumberChapter 4 Important Number


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IS95A

9.6kbps

CDMA2000 1X

307.2kbps

Heavier voice

service

capacityLonger period

of standby time

CDMA2000

3X

CDMA2000

1X EV

1X EV-DO1995

IS95B

115.2kbps

1998

20002003

Development of CDMA

Higher spectrum efficiency and network capacity Higher packet data rate and more diversified services

CDMA2000

1X EV

1X EV-DV

2005


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CDMA 1X EV-DO Networking

INTERNET

MIP HA

AAA

PDSN/FAAN/PCF

AN/PCF

Abis

SDH

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS3601

BTS

BTS

Um

A13

A10/A11

PS

Abis

Um

A10/A11

Softsite

AT

AT

AN-AAA

A12

A12


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1xEV

Air link

RLP

PPP

IP

TCP/UDP

Application

User

DevicePDSNBTS

BSC

Function

IP

RouterServer

IP IP

System Protocol Stack


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Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Abstract of Air interfaceChap

ter 2 Abstract of Air interface




7/44HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 7All rights reserved


2.1 Overview2.1 Overview

2.2 Forward link2.2 Forward link

2.3 Reverse link2.3 Reverse link


8/44HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 8All rights reserved

Explanation:

CDMA 1X EV DO Application Layer -Airlink packet and signaling applications.

Stream Layer - Multiplexing of applicationswith different QoS.

Session Layer - Protocol negotiation,Configuration, Session state maintenance.

Connection Layer - Airlink connectionestablishment and maintenance.

Security Layer - Authentication andencryption services.

MAC Layer - Procedures for receive and

transmit over the physical layer.Physical Layer - Channel structure, freq.,power, modulation and encoding.

Stream Layer

Application Layer

Connection Layer

Session Layer

Security Layer

MAC Layer

Physical Layer

CDMA 1X EV DO Protocol Stack


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Forward

CDMA 1XEV-DO

ReverseReverse

Pilot

Medium

Access

Control

Traffic Control Traffic Access

Reverse

Rate

Indicator

Data

Rate

Control

Reverse

Activity

DRC

Lock

Pilot DataPilot

Medium

Access

Control

Data ACK

Reverse

Power

Control

Channels


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TDM of Forward Channel

Data400chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Data400chips

Pilot96chips

Data400chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Data400chips

Pilot96chips

Half slot (1024 chips) Half slot (1024 chips)

Slot (5/3 ms length)

Frame(80/3 ms length)

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Pilot96chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Pilot96chips

Null Null Null Null

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Active Slot

Idle Slot


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Time-Division Multiplexing

A single user is served at any instant:

No power sharing, entire sector power allocated to one userData rate is dynamically adapted as a function of user SINR

Uses Rate control v/s Power Control to achieve high spectralefficiency

Access Point always transmits at full power:

Very high peak rates for users that are in a good coverage

areaData throughput maximized by efficient use of sector power


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Forward Physical Channels

Pilot Channel

Control Channel

Traffic Channel

Data400chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Data400chips

Pilot96chips

Data400chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Data400chips

Pilot96chips

RA

DRC Lock

RPC

Pilot Pilot Pilot

Data Data Data

Data400chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Data400chips

Pilot96chips

Data400chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Data400chips

Pilot96chips

Data

400chips

MAC

64chips

MAC

64chips

Data

400chips

Pilot

96chips

Data

400chips

MAC

64chips

MAC

64chips

Data

400chips

Pilot

96chips

Bit stream

Data stream

All 0 Bit

MAC MAC MAC MAC

AP


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Discontinuous Pilot Burst

Pilot Time Division Multiplexed with Traffic/Control and MAC

channels

Transmitted at pre-determined positions within a slot

Pilot power is more than other channels

Advantageous of burst pilot transmitted at constant AP power :

Aids very accurate Signal-to-Interference-and-Noise-ratio

(SINR) estimation

Pilot received only in presence of pilots from other sectors:

Unaffected by data transmissions

Pilot96chips

Pilot96chips


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Data

Traffic Channel Data RateTraffic Channel Data Rate

Same as the CDMA 1X RC, EV-DO defines several rate set as shown following table.

Forward data rate is requested by AT. AT send requirement via DRC channel.


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Data Rates (kbps)

Modulation Type

Bits per

Encoder Packet

Code Rate

Encoder Packet

Duration (ms)

Max. # of Slots

38.4 76.8 153.6 307.2 307.2 614.4 614.4 921.6 1228.8 1228.8 1843.2 2457.6

QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK 8 PSK QPSK 16QAM 8 PSK 16QAM

1024 1024 1024 1024 2048 1024 2048 3072 2048 4096 3072

4096

1/5 1/5 1/5 1/5 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3 1/3

26.67 13.33 6 .67 3.33 6.67 1.67 3.33 3.33 1.67 3.33 1.67 1.67

16 8 4 2 4 1 2 2 1 2 1 1

Physical Layer Parameters

Modulation


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Forward Link Coding

Turbo encoded packet is scrambled and block interleaved

Systematic code symbols followed by parity symbols

High SINR

Number of code symbols in first slot may be less than total codesymbols in the packet

Higher effective code rate is achieved by truncation of parity bits

coding gains due to incremental transmission of parity bits

Low SINRAll code symbols are transmitted followed by repetitions

coding gains by simple repetition of a basic 1/5 rate code.


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Link Adaptation Scheme

AT Requested Data Rate determines

modulation scheme (QPSK, 8-PSK, 16-QAM)

code rate

preamble length

Preamble aids AT in detecting start of a packet

maximum # of slots required for transmission

if the AP chooses to serve the AT then the AT knows exactly

what rate it would be served at

With multiple terminals, a scheduler determines the order in

which terminals are served.


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Physical Layer packet Size

In EV-DO RTT, protocol defines 4 typesPhysical Layer Packet. But how to

convert it to Modulation Symbol Unit?

See following slides.


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Physical

layer

packet

Channel

Coding

1/3 or 1/5

Scrambling Interleaving

Modulation

QPSK/8PSK/1

6QAM

Puncturing

(Optional step)

Modulation

Symbol Unit

Process

Physical layer packet Encoder rate Puncturing Ratio Modulation Symbol Unit Slot Number

1024 1/5 0% 2560 16/8/4/2

1024 1/3 0% 1536 1

2048 1/3 0% 3072 4/2

2048 1/3 50% 3072 1

4096 1/3 0% 3072 2

4096 1/3 50% 3072 1


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Symbol Stream

DataX chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Data400chips

Pilot96chips

Data400chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Data400chips

Pilot96chips

PreambleX chips

Data400chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Data400chips

Pilot96chips

Data400chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Data400chips

Pilot96chips

Data400chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Data400chips

Pilot96chips

DataX chips

MAC64chips

MAC64chips

Pilot96chips

First slot

Interval slot

Finally slot

After puncturing, Symbol stream will insert into one or more slots Data field. Beforetransmission, first slot will add a preamble head. Preamble is all 0 bit. It spread by 32 ary

walsh code. System used different walsh code to distinguish users data. See below figure.

Null

Symbol stream unit

Preamble Data MAC & Pilot Data Data MAC & Pilot Data Data


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1/1 2/1 1/2 2/2 3/2 1/3 1/4 2/4 1/5 1/6

Actual slot

1/1 1/2 1/3 1/4 2/1 2/2 1/5 2/4 1/6 3/2

4 SLOT Interlace

Data Burst

User1 Burst User2 Burst User4 Burst

Forward Interlace Structure

Forward User Data Burst are distinguished by different colors

Long Data burst exceeding the 1 slot are interlaced 4-slots apartData streams on different interlace offsets are sent to one or more users.

A single user may receive a maximum of 4 data streams simultaneously


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MAC Channels

RA

DRC Lock

RPC

RPC & RA

MAC channel include three sub- channel.

Reverse Power Control Channel and DRC Lock Sub-channel are time division multiplexed

at one certain Walsh code channel. This Walsh code is called MAC index. Two channelsis dedicate channel. They belong to one user.

Reverse Power Control Channel is same as IS95 system, but control speed is slower thanold one. It is about 600 times per second.

DRC Lock Sub-channel transmitted every 8 or 16 slots and repeat 4 or 8 times. If AP cantdemodulate one ATs reverse channel, the AP will set DRC Lock bit to 0.

RA Sub-channel is common channel. It indicate one sector reverse load.

RA

DRC Lock

RPC

DRC Lock & RA

Repetition Cycle 4 or 8 times Repetition Cycle 4 or 8 times

DRC period 8 or 16 slots


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MAC Index

RA Sub-channel and DRC Lock Sub-channel/RPC Sub-

channel are code division multiplexed by different walsh code.

This walsh code is called MAC index. The assignment of MAC

Index is shown in below table.

MAC Index MAC Channel code Preamble Mapping

0 & 1 Not Used Not Used

2 Not Used 76.8 kbps Control Channel

3 Not Used 36.4 kbps Control Channel

4 RA Sub-channel Not Used

5 Not Used Broadcast

6-63 RPC & DRC Lock Sub-channel For corresponding traffic channel


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Reverse Physical Channels

DRC

ACK

Traffic

Pilot

Access Data

PilotPilot

Access Data

16

0w

16

8w

8

4w

4

2w

16 Slots = 26.67 ms

1.67 ms

1.67 ms

16 Slots = 26.67 ms

1/2 Slot

16 Slots = 26.67 ms

1.67 ms

RRI

Pilot

RRI

PilotPilot

RRI

PilotRRI

1 Slot = 2048 Chips 256 chips

for RRI 1792 chips for Pilot

1 frame 16 Slots = 26.67 ms

1.67 ms

1.67 ms

Access

Probe

16

0w


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Reverse Link

Pilot-Aided, coherently demodulated reverse link

Traditional IS-95 power control mechanisms

Traditional IS-95 soft handoffs

1xEV reverse link user data rate options:

9.6, 19.2, 38.4, 76.8, 153.6 kbps

Maximum allowed transmit data rate is dynamically

adapted based on Sector Loading information

transmitted by AP


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Access Process

Synchronous CC capsule broadcast: Access Parameters msg: Access Cycle Duration, Power parameters andPersistence values

Default max. number of probe sequences = 3

Num. Probes per sequence = [1, 15]

Initial probe power determined by Open Loop power control

Power Step range 0, 0.5,, 7.5dB (3dB typical)

probe

probesequence

p

1 2 3 Np

1

persi

stence

s

p

1 2 3 Np

2

persi

stence

p

1 2 3 Np

Ns

persi

stence

Time

...

...


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Data Rates (kbps)

Modulation Type

Bits per Encoder Packet

Code Rate

Encoder PacketDuration (ms)

Number of Slots

9.6 19.2 38.4 76.8 153.6

BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK BPSK

256 512 1024 2048 4096

1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/2

26.67 26.67 26.67 26.67 26.67

16 16 16 16 16

Physical Layer Parameters

Reverse Traffic Link Rate Set


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Reverse Link Rate Control

Autonomous rate change by the AT based on Reverse Activity Bit

(RAB) broadcast by each sector in the ATs active set

Probabilistic Rate Determination at the AT

Logical OR operation of all RABs in its active set

If RAB=1 (busy), reduces to next lower rate with prob. q

If RAB=0 (not busy), increases to next higher rate with prob. p

Probabilities p, q depend on the current rate

Maintains current rate with prob. (1-p) or, (1-q) respectively

Not

Busy

9.6

kbps

19.2

kbps

153.6

kbps

P1

38.4

kbps

76.8

kbps

P2 P3 P4

Busy9.6

kbps

19.2

kbps

153.6

kbps

q1

38.4

kbps

76.8

kbps

q2 q3 q4


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RRI, DRC and ACK Channel

Three Channel are dedicate control channel

RRI Sub-Channel and DRC Sub-Channel composed reverse MAC

Channel.

RRI Channel :AT indicates the reverse traffic data rate to AP.

DRC Channel :AT indicate requirement of forward data rate to the targetAP .

DRC Channel include two field :DRC value and DRC cover.DRC value indicate data rate. The requirement of data rate based on

the best serving sectors predicate SINR.

DRC cover indicate target AP (sector).

ACK Channel Acknowledges correctly received Forward link packets.

DRC Channel and ACK Channel realize H-ARQ functions.


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Hybrid-ARQ : Target

AT predicts forward link SINR and the achievable data rate To achieve the target packet error rate (PER) in certain mobile

channels, AT may request a conservative data rate (DRC).

Conservative DRC may result in large excess SINR of thereceived packet

a higher data rate packet could have been successfully

decoded. Turbo-encoded packets constructed such that successive slot

transmissions (of a given packet) add

Incremental Parity bits and/or

Repeated symbols

Decode possible with each successive transmission

Likelihood of decode increases as the number of slots increases

Early-decode achieves higher transmitted data rate andimproves spectral efficiency


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Hybrid-ARQ : Realize

Forward link multi-slot packet transmissions interlaced in 4 slots Allows AT time to decode packets and send ACK/NAK indicationback to base station

Interlaced packets may be destined to one or multiple users

Reverse link ACK mechanism

As soon as the access terminal has decoded a physical layerpacket successfully, it sends an ACK bit to the serving sector

The serving sector then stops sending that physical layer packet

and moves on to the next physical layer packet

If ACK is not received, scheduler transmits the maximum slots for

that packet

Four independent ARQ streams can be used by a single or multiple

terminals

No peak throughput loss for a given Access Terminal

Requires more memory at the Access Terminal


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n n+1 n+2 n+3 n+4 n+5 n+6 n+7 n+8 n+9 n+10

n+11n+12

n+13n+14 n+15

DRC value requests

153.6 kbps

One half

slot

offset

1st Slot 2nd

Slot 3thSlot 4thSlot

3 Slots delayNAK NAK NAK ACK

R-DRC

Channel

F-Traffic

Channel

R-ACK

Channel

Decode Failed Decode Failed Decode Failed

Decode

Successful

Multi-slot packet with Normal termination


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n n+1 n+2 n+3 n+4 n+5 n+6 n+7 n+8 n+9 n+10

n+11n+12

n+13n+14 n+15

DRC value requests

153.6 kbps

One half

slot

offset

1st Slot 2nd

Slot 3thSlot 1st Slot

3 Slots delay NAK NAK ACK

R-DRC

Channel

F-Traffic

Channel

R-ACK

Channel

Decode Failed Decode Failed

Decode

Successful

Multi-slot packet with Early termination


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APAAPB

DRCDRC

Virtual Soft Handoff

Virtual Soft Handoff: AT only receive the data from best one AP, so AT cantget soft handoff gain from forward link. But in reverse link, soft handoff is same

as IS95 system.

All AP receive ATs data composed a PN set. It is called Reverse Active Set.

Shown as following figure ,Access terminal measures (C/I)A > (C/I)B requests

data from APa first. If (C/I)B > (C/I)A , AT will send new DRC cover and DRC

value to APb in order to receive data from APb. After AT get available DRCLock ,AT receive data from APb and only receive the MAC & Pilot from APa.


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Forward Link Data from current server

Pilot/MAC on FWD link

Pilot/DRC/ACK/Traffic on REV

Link

(APs in ATs active set)

Forward Link Data from AP4following server change

AP1AP1 AP4AP4

TimeTime

Serving APServing AP

t1t1

ServingAP changeServingAP change

AP1

AP2

AP3

AP4

Soft handoff Adaptive Server Selection


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ESN

A unique Electronic Serial Number (ESN) is used to identify single MS.

An ESN includes 32 bits and has the following structure:

31......24 23......18 17......0 bit

Manufacturers number retained equipment SN

For example, FD 03 78 0A (the 10th Motorola 378 mobile phone)

The equipment serial number is allocated by a manufacturer.


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SID/NID/PZID

System Identity (SID) +Network Identity (NID) + Packet Zone

Identity (PZID)SID includes 15 bits. NID is made up of 16 bits. PZID includes 8

bits. SID, NID and PZID determine one PCF area. If AT find one

of this code has been changed, it will take route update process.


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Unicast Access Terminal Identifier (UATI)192 168 1 23

32 bit 32 bit 32 bit 32 bit

UATI 128

24 bit104 bit

UATI 104 (Subnet) UATI 24

Color Code

8 bit

UATI 32

ATIType ATIType Description ATI Length

(bits)

'00'

Broadcast ATI (BATI)

0

01 Multicast ATI (MATI) 32

10 Unicast ATI 32

'11' Random ATI (RATI) 32


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01-ORA000403 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO principle-corr