01 MG Introduction Innovation TT

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Innovation Policy and TechnologyTransfer

- Concepts and experiences -

Michael Guth

Workshop on Innovation Policy

Kiev, March 22, 2010


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Contents

1. Concepts of innovation and technology transfer

2. Examples of transfer schemes

3.1 Cases from NRW

3.2 Examples from Romania (EU R&D FP/ national funding)

3.3 Business Incubators in Algeria

3. Summary and preliminary conclusions


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2. Innovation and Technology Transfer

Innovation can be defined as:

1) the result of individual and institutional learning processes, the

knowledge created by this and its economic application

(ZENIT)

2) Innovation is the ability to take new ideas and translate them into

commercial outcomes by new processes, products or services.)1)

We only speak about innovation when newknowledge is actually being applied in new products,services, organisational procedures or management

procedures!!

1) Nedis, R. and Byler E. (2009), Creating a national innovation framework, in Science progress April(2009)


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Transfer

In this perspective technology(knowledge) transfer is

key for innovation processes to take place! TechnologyTransfer and Innovation are two sides of one medal

BUT

How does Technology Transfer and Innovation (TTI)function??


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Traditionally the RTD&I systems both in market and intransition environments were (and still are!?) based

on a rather linear way of thinking technology

transfer/innovation

Basic

ResearchProduct

Demonstration/

Feasibility

Applied

ResearchMarket

The concept of innovation


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XBasic

ResearchProduct

Demonstration/

Feasibility

Applied

ResearchMarket

The concept of innovation

X X

It is not that easy!


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It is more complex:

Non linear process

Involving different actors (science, firms, governments, public)

Complex feed back loops between the actors

=> Innovation is a system

Elements of innovation are:


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Innovation System

Research Firms

Gov. Institutions

Competitiveness

Growth

Supply Demand


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Research may no longer be the only focus of science policymeasures

Pure technology aspects become less important

Interaction of actors is equally important for the success ofinnovation policy (Transfer as critical element)

A striking new element for policy measures are the linksbetween actors! (Networks, Cluster, Exchange)

What does this mean for Innovation Policy?


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This is why I am presenting in the followingpart selected examples for TT-schemes as wellas some lessons deriving from that


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3.1 Cases for TT schemes in North Rhine Westphalia

On-going proposal

submission

call/competition/

selection committee

call/competition/

selection committee

Selection

process

4 months 1 year2 years1 3 yearsProject

duration

-Max 60% of gross

annual salary

- Max 12,750 (male)and 15,300 (female)

via personnel costs

amounting to part-time

placement at university+ 5000 for consultancy

services

Max. 50% funding

rate for winning

projectsFunding

through heads

through headsyoung graduates bring

university know how

into new firms

- joint projects- joint development

- joint application of

knowledge

Know how

transfer

SMEyoung start ups (pre-

starting phase)

SMEs + research

institutions, networkTarget

IPTPFAU

ZukunftsWett-

bewerb

Ruhrgebiet

On-going proposal

submission

call/competition/

selection committee

call/competition/

selection committee

Selection

process

4 months 1 year2 years1 3 yearsProject

duration

-Max 60% of gross

annual salary

- Max 12,750 (male)and 15,300 (female)

via personnel costs

amounting to part-time

placement at university+ 5000 for consultancy

services

Max. 50% funding

rate for winning

projectsFunding

through heads

through headsyoung graduates bring

university know how

into new firms

- joint projects- joint development

- joint application of

knowledge

Know how

transfer

SMEyoung start ups (pre-

starting phase)

SMEs + research

institutions, networkTarget

IPTPFAU

ZukunftsWett-

bewerb

Ruhrgebiet

3. Examples of TT schemes


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ZukunftsWettbewerb Ruhrgebiet :

Through the broad orientation all sectors benefited from thisprogramme (not only the old industries).

There had to be a spirit of co-operation between industry andresearch institutions. Where this spirit was lacking, projects facedproblems in critical situations.

PFAU:

Due to the high rate of created start ups, stemming from the projectsselected, a lot of new jobs could be created, with a small financial effort

Most of the start ups were build near the respective universityRegions without an university did not benefit from this tool

Lessons from NRW 1/2


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Lessons from NRW 2/2

IPT:

The personnel transfer (IPT) can also be seen as an instrumentwith a good cost-benefit ratio:

Good instrument for regions with structural change

For 40 % of firms the know how transfer was more important thanthe funding!

Most of the young graduates (60 %) remained in the firm after theproject (and funding) ceased (one year after the projects end)

Focus on SMEs


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3.2 Examples from Romania

The use of the European FP for building up networks(RoDi)

A national financing scheme for TT infrastructures


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FP6 Project: Romanian Days of Innovation RoDI

Partners:

RO Ministry of Education and Research

Research Institute for Automation Design (IPA), Bucharest University of Agricultural Sciences in Bucharest

ZENIT

gtz (German technical assistance corporation)


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FP6 Project: Romanian Days of Innovation RoDI

What was it all about?

Building up of two networks: IST and biotechnology Promotion of FP6 and FP7 participation for RO researchers

Training seminars on FP 7 in all 8 regions

National FP6/FP7 conferences

Sustainability and enhancement of the IST Network assured via aNational Research Project: Prom IST PC7


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Programme of the National Authority forScientific Research in support of TTIinfrastructures (INFRATECH):

Technology and Science Parks Business Incubators

Technology Transfer Centres

Centres for Technology Information Industry Liaison Offices

Technology Clusters and Brokers


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2 components:

- Institutional build up (1 year)

- Specific services (5 years) Budget: up to 500.000 EUR per project

Network of Romanian TTI structures

Infratech


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Exploiting synergies between EU and national resources!

Networking is an important element for innovation. BUT:depending on the actual infrastructural endowment, the

infrastructure up-grade must not be forgotten. Refrain from too strict legal codifications. A law is not really

needed. Can be an obstacle in the implementation.

Importance of a demand orientated approach. Not all > 60 TTIentities regard themselves as innovation service providers!

Financial sustainability is a problem

Lessons from Romania


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3.3 Business Incubators in Algeria

National law for building up and financing incubators (4years)

No real activity so far. Introduction of the topic into theGerman-ALG technical cooperation agreement (ALGMinistry and GTZ)

ZENIT selected as process consultant

Decision of ALG Ministry to focus on incubators fortechnology based start ups


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Lancement Conception Droulement

Atelier delancement

Alger(Ministre,Rgions)

AtelierAlger

(Ministre,3 Pilotes)

Pilote 1

Pilote 2

Pilote 3

Pilote 1

Pilote 2

Pilote 3

Pilote 1

Pilote 2

Pilote 3

Pilote 1

Pilote 2

Pilote 3

Pilote 1

Pilote 2

Pilote 3

(Monitoring) Supervision & valuation

SWOTlaborationdu concept(brouillon)

Concept

(Accord)

Plan dedroulement

changedexpriences

One year from project start tobegin of the implementation


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Is a bit early! For comprehensive lessons

Codification of TT infrastructures in a (national) law again turned

out to be a hindrance factor for efficient implementation

Also: good networking (locally/nationally) requires sufficient knot

points: minimum level of TT-infrastructural endowment isnecessary

Money (from the law), actors (local gov., univ. + business

organisations) and certain problem pressure (highunemployment) were not sufficient for getting the process started.A trigger from a fourth force (process consultant) was necessary

Lessons from Algeria?


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Innovation without Technology/Know how transfer is not possible!

TT represents a key element of innovation policy (differentmotivations of the actors)

We must not expect too much (financially, technologically)

Incremental but permanent flows of knowledge and subsequentapplication may not be so appealing but still they are very efficient

This has consequences for TT-schemes: smaller projects, broadapproaches (technologically), involving people (transfer throughheads, networks, local clusters, )

4. Summary and Conclusions


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Most of the points discussed are general! They apply for Germany asmuch as for Ukraine

Legal framework is an issue! Transition states tend to codify too much(national law for incubators, national cluster law, ):

Think twice before you issue a new law in the TTI-field

Networking (triple helix) versus bad-buddy-groups (closed shops,nepotism, cartels/trusts):Organise broad participation even on the cost of efficiency.

Identify project forms which create local/regional network (RIS,foresights, benchmarking workshops)

Specific Transition aspects?


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Thank you very much for your attention!

Contact:

Michael Guth

Phone ++49-208-30004-56Mail: mg(at)zenit.de

Documents

01 MG Introduction Innovation TT