References: Coduto, D.P. (1994): Foundation design: principles and

practices

Day, R.W. (2010): Foundation engineering handbook

Hardiyatmo, H.C. (2011): Analisis dan PerancanganFondasi, Bagian II

Teng , Wayne C. (1992): Foundation Design

Tomlinson, M.J. (2001): Foundation design and construction

Deep Foundation

Topics (from SAP):Kapasitas dukung tiang terhadap gaya lateral dalam tanah kohesif

a. Ujung tiang bebas (tiang pendek dan tiang panjang)b. Ujung tiang terjepit (tiang pendek dan tiang panjang)

Defleksi tianga. Ujung tiang bebas (tiang pendek dan tiang panjang)b. Ujung tiang terjepit (tiang pendek dan tiang panjang)

Analisis stabilitas fondasi tiang

a. Beban tiangb. Kapasitas dukung tiangc. Jumlah tiangd. Susunan tiange. Kontrol

Turapa. Pengertianb. Tipe struktur turapc. Tipe turap dari segi bahan

Perancangan turap jenis kantilevera. Gaya-gaya yang bekerjab. Panjang turap yang dipancangc. Dimensi turap dan pemilihan profil turap

Perancangan turap dengan angkura. Letak tumpuan angkurb. Dimensi batang angkurc. Konstruksi angkur

Fondasi caissona. Pengertian dan jenis fondasi caissonb. Bentuk tampang fondasi sumuranc. Analisis fondasi sumuran

a. Cohesive SoilFree head, short rigid pile (L/d 12)

d : pile diameter/pile width

Free head:

or

with

Soil resistance distribution 1,50d = 0, then becomes constant = 9.cu (where cu: unconsolidated shear strength)

Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading

)5,05,1(max fdeHM U

ucgdM 2

max 25,2

dc

Hf

u

U

9fdLg 5,1

Deflection Soil reaction

a. Cohesive soilFree head, long rigid pile (L/d > 12)

Apply the same formula as short rigid pile:

with

(Brom, 1964)

ucgdM 2

max 25,2

dc

Hf

u

U

9

fdLg 5,1

Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading

Deflection Soil reaction

a. Cohesive soilFixed head, short rigid pile (L/d 12)

with)75,05,0(max dLHM U dLdcH uU 5,19

Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading

Deflection Soil reaction Moment Diagram

a. Cohesive soilFixed head, long rigid pile (L/d > 12)

My : yield moment

fd

MH

y

U5,05,1

.2

dc

Hf

u

U

9

Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading

Deflection Soil reaction Moment Diagram

b. Cohesionless soilFree head, short rigid pile (L/d 12)

0M Le

KLdH

p

U

35,0

Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading

Deflection Soil reaction Moment Diagram

b. Cohesionless soilFree head, long rigid pile (L/d > 12)

Or:

)3

2(max feHM U

2

2

3fKdH pU

p

U

U

Kd

He

MH

54,0

max

Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading

Deflection Soil reaction Moment Diagram

b. Cohesionless soilFixed head, short rigid pile (L/d 12)

Or

dKLH pU 2

2

3

LHM U 3

2max

pKdLM 3

max

0HF

Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading

Deflection Soil reaction Moment

Diagram

b. Cohesionless soilFixed head, long rigid pile (L/d > 12)

Or

My : yield moment

)3

2(2 feHM Uy

p

U

y

U

Kd

He

MH

54,0

2

Ultimate Pile Resistance to Horizontal Loading

Deflection Soil reaction Moment

Diagram

Example:

A reinforced concrete pile foundation with the sectional size of 35cm x 35 cm, length = 15 m.

The pile head fixed in the pile cap, exactly on the ground surface.

Soil characteristic: sandy soil with =30o and =17 kN/m3.

The ultimate yield moment of the pile structure Myield = 60 kNm.

Calculate the allowable lateral load of the pile.

Solusion:

Fix head, long rigid pile

Pile head on the ground surface e = 0

Soil characteristic (=30o, =17 kN/m3) sand (cohesionless)

e = 0

0,0163. HU3 = 14400

HU = 95,95 kN (SF =3) Ha = 31,98 kN

128,4235,0

15

d

L

p

U

y

U

Kd

He

MH

54,0

2

32

45tan2

pK

60217335,0

54,0

U

U

HH

LATERALLY LOADED PILES(Practical Foundation Engineering Handbook (Robert Brown)

Piles are slender vertical members that have only limited capability to resist nonvertical loads. Therefore batter piles are used to resist large inclined or horizontal loads when acting on a structure.

Beresantsev et al. (1961) suggested the following practice to transmit inclined loads in terms of the angle , where is the angle of the force to be transmitted with the vertical

Recommended practice to transmit inclined loads to soil mass

Brooms (1965) presented charts that give the limit lateral load

to act on a vertical pile versus the ratio of the pile embedment

length to its diameter.

These diagrams, applied to short piles and long piles for

cohesive and cohesionless soils.

Short piles rigid piles where the lateral capacity is

dependent mainly on the soil resistance.

Long piles lateral capacity is primarily dependent on the

yield moment of the pile itself.

In these figures the dashed lines represent the case of a fixed

pile head, whereas the full lines indicate different e/l ratios,

where e is the height of the line of action of the force P above

ground surface and l is the length of pile in the ground.

FIGURE 4C.16 Ultimate lateral resistance of long piles.

(a) Cohesive soils. (b) Cohesionless soils. (From Brooms, 1965.)

FIGURE 4C.16 Ultimate lateral resistance of long piles.

(a) Cohesive soils. (b) Cohesionless soils. (From Brooms, 1965.)