01-Draft Capital Region Plan (Perspective Plan).pdf

THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT

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CONTENTS

PREFACE VII

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IX

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY XIII

INTRODUCTION 11.1 PROJECT ORGANIZATION & SCHEDULE 21.2 PROJECT DELIVERABLES 21.3 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 21.4 METHODOLOGY 2

1.4.1 DATA COLLECTION 21.4.2 SITE VISIT 21.4.3 MEETINGS WITH OFFICIALS 21.4.4 TRAINING WORKSHOPS 21.4.5 DATA ANALYSIS 21.4.6 URBAN SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK USF 21.4.7 VISION FORMULATION 21.4.8 REGIONAL STRUCTURE PLAN 2

1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT 3

REGIONAL CONTEXT ANALYSIS 52.1NATIONAL CONTEXT 6

2.1.1UPCOMING NATIONAL PROJECTS 62.2ANDHRA PRADESH STATE 7

2.2.1BIFURCATION 72.2.2ANDHRA PRADESH ADVANTAGE 72.2.3REGIONAL CONTEXT 8

2.3CAPITAL REGION 92.3.1CRDA ACT 92.3.2CAPITAL REGION 92.3.3CAPITAL CITY 102.3.4DEVELOPMENT HISTORY 112.3.5EXISTING SITE CONTEXT 12

132.3.6DEVELOPMENT DENSITY 13

2.4KEY CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES IN CAPITAL REGION 142.4.1ENVIRONMENT 162.4.2HERITAGE AND TOURISM 202.4.3CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES 222.4.4ASSETS AND OPPORTUNITIES 24

EXISTING TRANSPORT AND 27

INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS 273.1 GENERAL REVIEW 28

3.1.1 ANDHRA PRADESH INFRASTRUCTURE 283.1.2 ROAD NETWORK 293.1.3 RAILWAY NETWORK 313.1.4 AVIATION 333.1.5 WATER TRANSPORT 343.1.6 PUBLIC TRANSPORT 363.1.7 NON MOTORIZED TRANSPORT 373.1.8 KEY TRANSPORT ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES 38

3.2 INFRASTRUCTURE 393.2.1 WATER SUPPLY 403.2.2 WASTE WATER 413.2.3 STORM WATER 423.2.4 SOLID WASTE 433.2.5 POWER SUPPLY 443.2.6 KEY INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES 45

DIMENSIONS OF GROWTH 474.1REVIEW OF EXISTING SOCIO ECONOMIC INFORMATION 48

4.1.1REGIONAL CONTEXT 484.1.2CAPITAL REGION OVERVIEW 50

4.2REVIEW OF EXISTING SOCIO ECONOMIC INFORMATION 514.2.1ECONOMIC AND SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE 514.2.2SPATIAL ECONOMIC POSITIONING 53

4.3REGIONAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 554.3.1REGIONAL ECONOMIC POSITIONING OF CAPITAL REGION 554.3.2POSSIBLE FUTURE ECONOMIC DRIVERS FOR AP CAPITAL REGION 55

4.4REGIONAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 564.4.1CRITICAL PARAMETERS FOR ECONOMIC PRIORITIZATION 564.4.2ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL STATISTICAL 564.4.3PERCEPTION STUDY 564.4.4OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR IDENTIFIED ECONOMIC USES 574.4.5FOOD AND BEVERAGE SECTOR 574.4.6TEXTILE INDUSTRY 584.4.7NON METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS 594.4.8 AUTO AND AUTO COMPONENTS SECTOR 594.4.9RUBBER AND PLASTIC INDUSTRY 604.4.10 PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 614.4.11 ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY 624.4.12 BASIC AND FABRICATED METAL INDUSTRY 634.4.13TOURISM 644.4.14 AEROSPACE SECTOR 654.4.15 IT/ITES INDUSTRY 664.4.16 AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY 674.4.17 LOGISTICS INDUSTRY 684.4.18 INDUSTRY OPPORTUNITY MATRIX CAPITAL REGION 69


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4.5BENCHMARKING OF CAPITAL CITIES 704.5.1HYDERABAD URBAN AGGLOMERATION 704.5.2BENGALURU URBAN AGGLOMERATION 71

URBAN SUSTAINABILITY AND VISION FOR THE CAPITAL REGION 735.1 URBAN SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK 74

5.1.1 KEY SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES IN CAPITAL REGION 755.1.2 SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK 75

5.2 VISION 765.3 GOALS 765.4 STRATEGIES 78

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY AND CONCEPT PLAN FOR CAPITAL REGION 816.1REGIONAL GROWTH STRATEGY 83

6.1.1CONCEPT DIRECTION 836.1.2STRATEGIES FOR CAPITAL REGION CONCEPT PLAN 84

6.2CAPITAL REGION CONCEPT PLAN 866.3ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR CAPITAL REGION 88

6.3.1CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT 886.3.2ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 896.3.3ECONOMIC CLUSTERS AND PRELIMINARY SECTORS 90

6.4BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 916.5BROAD WORKFORCE PROJECTIONS 92

6.5.1BROAD WORKFORCE PROJECTIONS 926.6POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 926.7KEY STRATEGIES AND CONCEPTS 94

6.7.1TRANSPORT STRATEGIES 946.7.2WATER SUPPLY 986.7.3POWER GENERATION 100

6.8ACTION PLANS 1016.9THE WAY FORWARD 103

APPENDIX XIX

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIG.2.1PROPOSED TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN INDIA 6FIG.2.2ANDHRA PRADESH POST BIFURCATION ADVANTAGE 7FIG.2.3CENTRALLY LOCATED CAPITAL REGION 8FIG.2.4ANDHRA PRADESH KEY TRANSPORT CONNECTIONS 8FIG.2.5CAPITAL REGION WITH MANDAL BOUNDARIES AND CAPITAL CITY BOUNDARY 9FIG.2.6CAPITAL REGION BOUNDARY WITHIN KRISHNA AND GUNTUR DISTRICT 9FIG.2.7PLANTATIONS AT THULLUR MANDAL 10FIG.2.8VGTM_ ZONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROPOSED LAND USE PLAN FOR YEAR 2021. 11FIG.2.9CAPITAL REGION_ EXISTING LAND COVER 12FIG.2.10CAPITAL REGION_ EXISTING SETTLEMENT HIERARCHY 13FIG.2.11CAPITAL REGION_EXISTING WETLANDS, FORESTS AND BIO DIVERSITY 16FIG.2.12CAPITAL REGION_WATER RESOUCES 18FIG.2.13CAPITAL REGION_HERITAGE AND TOURISM 20FIG.2.14CAPITAL REGION_ENVIRONMENT CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES 22FIG.2.15CAPITAL REGION_URBAN CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES 23FIG.2.16CAPITAL REGION_ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS AND OPPORTUNITIES 24FIG.2.17CAPITAL REGION_URBAN ASSETS AND OPPORTUNITIES 25FIG.3.1EXISTING ROADS IN THE CAPITAL REGION 29FIG.3.2NATIONAL ECONOMIC CORRIDOR THROUGH ANDHRA PRADESH 30FIG.3.3EXISTING RAIL NETWORK AND RAILWAYS IN CAPITAL REGION 31FIG.3.4TOTAL FREIGHT TRAFFIC MOVED BY RAIL INDIAN RAILWAYS, 2013 31FIG.3.5EXISTING AND PLANNED DFC 32FIG.3.6EXISTING AIRPORTS IN THE VICINITY OF THE CAPITAL REGION 33FIG.3.7NATIONAL WATERWAY AND AIR PORT WITHIN CAPITAL REGION 34FIG.3.8PORTS IN THE VICINITY OF THE CAPITAL REGION 35FIG.3.9BRTS IN VIJAYAWADA PHASE 1 THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF VIJAYAWADA, 2014 36FIG.3.10MODAL SHARE IN CITIES OF DIFFERENT SIZES IN INDIA INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT FORUM, 2011 37FIG.3.11KRISHNA RIVER, ITS TRIBUTARIES AND CANAL SYSTEMS, AND WATER SUPPLY SOURCES 40FIG.3.12EXISTING SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT LOCATIONS IN CAPITAL REGION 41FIG.3.13FLOOD MAP OF CAPITAL REGION 42FIG.3.14LOCATION OF KNOWN SOLD WASTE FACILITIES IN CAPITAL REGION 43FIG.3.15LOCATION OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH AND TELANGANA 44FIG.4.1 STRATEGIC LOCATION OF THE STATE 48FIG.4.2REGIONAL CONTEXT SHOWING KEY NATURAL RESOURCES, EXISTING INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES & INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS 49FIG.4.3AIRPORT, PORT & RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE 50FIG.4.4GUNTUR DISTRICT ECONOMY 51FIG.4.5GUNTUR DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW 51FIG.4.6GUNTUR DISTRICT ECONOMIC COMPOSITION 51FIG.4.7GUNTUR DISTRICT EMPLOYEE DISTRIBUTION 51FIG.4.8GUNTUR SENIOR SECONDARY RESULTS 52FIG.4.9KRISHNA DISTRICT ECONOMIC COMPOSITION 52FIG.4.10KRISHNA DISTRICT ECONOMY 52FIG.4.11KRISHNA DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW 52FIG.4.12KRISHNA DISTRICT EMPLOYEE DISTRIBUTION 53FIG.4.13DATA SOURCE 53FIG.4.14SPATIAL SPREAD OF CAPITAL REGION 53

FIG.4.15KEY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 53FIG.4.16KRISHNA DISTRICT SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL RESULTS 53FIG.4.17HAPPY SCHOOL STUDENTS AT CRICKET ACADEMY IN AMARAVATHI TOWNSHIP 53FIG.4.18VECTOR 1 54FIG.4.19VECTOR 2 54FIG.4.20REGIONAL ECONOMIC POSITIONING 55FIG.4.21POTENTIAL ECONOMIC DRIVERS FOR CAPITAL REGION 55FIG.4.22CRITICAL PARAMETER ANALYSED TO EVALUATE THE ECONOMIC PRIORITIZATION 56FIG.4.23DATA SOURCE 56FIG.4.24INDUSTRY INTERACTIONS BREAK UP 57FIG.4.25 SAMPLE LIST OF INTERACTED INDUSTRIES 57FIG.4.26 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION FOOD & BEVERAGE 58FIG.4.27 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION TEXTILE 58FIG.4.28 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION NON METALLIC MINERALS 59FIG.4.29 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION AUTO AND AUTO COMPONENTS 59FIG.4.30 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION RUBBER AND PLASTICS INDUSTRY 60FIG.4.31OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 61FIG.4.32OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY 62FIG.4.33OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION BASIC AND FABRICATED METAL INDUSTRY 63FIG.4.34OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION TOURISM 64FIG.4.35OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION AEROSPACE SECTOR 65FIG.4.36OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION IT/ITES INDUSTRY 66FIG.4.37OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY 67FIG.4.38OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION LOGISTICS INDUSTRY 68FIG.4.39INDUSTRY OPPORTUNITY MATRIX 69FIG.4.40HYDERABAD URBAN AGGLOMERATION 70FIG.4.41HYDERABAD ECONOMIC POSITIONING 70FIG.4.42HYDERABAD EVOLUTION 70FIG.4.43CLUSTER BASED DEVELOPMENT HYDERABAD 71FIG.4.44INDUSTRY CLUSTERS 71FIG.4.45HYDERABAD ECONOMY 71FIG.4.47 CLUSTER BASED DEVELOPMENT BENGALURU 71FIG.4.46ECONOMIC POSITIONING OF BENGALURU 71FIG.4.51 INDUSTRY CLUSTERS 72FIG.4.48 BENGALURU ECONOMY 72FIG.4.49 BENGALURU EVOLUTION 72FIG.4.50 BENGALURU ECONOMIC POSITIONING 72FIG.5.1URBAN SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK 74FIG.6.1CAPITAL REGION _ RADIAL CORRIDOR GROWTH STRATEGY PLAN 83FIG.6.2CAPITAL REGION CONCEPT PLAN 86FIG.6.3DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS OF CAPITAL REGION 87FIG.6.4ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR CAPITAL REGION 88FIG.6.5ECONOMIC GROWTH FRAMEWORK 89FIG.6.6CAPITAL REGION_PRELIMINARY CLUSTERIZATION OF SECTORS 90FIG.6.7METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR WORKFORCE PROJECTIONS 92FIG.6.8CAPITAL REGION_PROJECTED POPULATION DISTRIBUTION _YEAR 2035 93


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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 2.1CAPITAL REGION MANDALS IN GUNTUR AND KRISHNA DISTRICT 10TABLE 2.2EXISTING LAND COVER 12TABLE 2.3DEVELOPMENT DENSITY IN KEY CITIES/TOWNS 13TABLE 3.1EXISTING ROAD LENGTHS BY TYPE IN CAPITAL REGION 29TABLE 3.2STATUS OF FREIGHT CORRIDORS IN 2014 32TABLE 3.3EXISTING WATER WORKS IN CAPITAL REGION 40TABLE 3.4EXISTING SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT CAPACITY IN CAPITAL REGION 41TABLE 3.5EXISTING POWER PLANT AND CAPACITY IN ANDHRA PRADESH 44TABLE 4.1DISTRICT TOURIST FLOW_2013 64TABLE 6.1CAPITAL REGION_PRELIMINARY CLUSTERIZATION OF SECTORS 91TABLE 6.2SUMMARY OF WORKFORCE PROJECTIONS FOR CAPITAL REGION 92

FIG.6.9CAPITAL REGION_PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH 93FIG.6.10CAPITAL REGION_PROJECTED DENSITY 93FIG.6.11PROPOSED CONCEPT FOR REGIONAL TRANSPORT NETWORK 94FIG.6.12POTENTIAL NATIONAL WATERWAY TRANSPORT AND FREIGHT HUBS 95FIG.6.13PROPOSED HIGH SPEED RAIL AND DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDORS 96FIG.6.14PROPOSED CONCEPT FOR REGIONAL RAIL / PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK 97

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PREFACEP B

Andhra Pradesh is building a new Capital City following the bifurca on of the state in February 2014. The new city is located between Vijayawada and Guntur and it is envisaged to be a world class Capital City for the people of Andhra Pradesh.

P S C -

On 08 December 2014, the governments of Singapore and Andhra Pradesh signed a Memorandum of Understanding to collaborate on the master planning and development of the new Andhra Pradesh Capital City. The Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Infrastructure Corpora on of Andhra Pradesh and Interna onal Enterprise (IE) Singapore and witnessed by Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Nara Chandrababu Naidu and Singapores Second Minister for Trade and Industry of Singapore, S. Iswaran.

The Centre for Liveable Ci es and Singapore Coopera on Enterprise have also provided their exper se and assistance in master planning and development of Andhra Pradeshs ins tu onal capacity in urban governance and related areas through training programmes for AP offi cials responsible for the development of the Capital City.

Surbana Interna onal Consultants and Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd were appointed by the Singapore government to undertake the master planning for the Andhra Pradesh Capital City Project.

This project comprises of the following milestones:

C R P- To set the planning direc on and strategies for the Capital Region of Andhra Pradesh.

C C M P- To prepare a detailed Master plan for the new Capital City of Andhra Pradesh.

S D M P- To prepare Urban Design and development control guidelines for the fi rst sec on of the Capital City

C F M -

The Capital Region Plan aims to provide a regional master plan that would provide a guide for the future development of the Capital Region Area and the new city.

The comple on of the Capital Region Plan on 30 March 2015 marks the achievement of the fi rst milestone for the Singapore-Andhra Pradesh Capital City Project collabora on.

This document contains the Capital Region Plan for Andhra Pradesh.

Mangalagiri Town from Sri Panakala Narasimha Swamy Temple


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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Andhra Pradesh Government Offi cers

Giridhar Aramane, IAS, Principal Secretary to Government, Municipal Administra on & Urban Development DepartmentSrikant Nagulapalli, IAS, Commissioner, Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority, VijayawadaPothireddy Thimma Reddy, Director of Town & Country PlanningDr. Pamu Panddu Runga Rao, Enginnering in Chief, Public HealthAvula Suresh, Addi onal Director, Town Planning

Local Body/ Police Offi cials within Capital Region

Ganeshan Veerapandian, IAS , Municipal Commissioner, VijayawadaDr. Sreedhar Cherukuri, I.A.S., Joint Collector, Guntur & incharge Municipal Commissioner, GunturPrabhala Gopinadh, Municipal Commissioner, TenaliA.B.Venkateswara Rao, IPS, Commissioner of Police, VijayawadaP.H.D. Ramakrishna, IPS, Superintendent of Police, Guntur

Offi cials from CRDA

Ravi Ramakrishna Rao, Head Planning, CRDAVeepanagandla Ramudu, Planner, CRDARikkala Srinivasa Reddy, Divisional Forest Offi cer, AP CRDA, VijayawadaG.A.Suryanarayana, P.S. to Commissioner, CRDA, VijayawadaGullapalli Nageswara Rao, Planning Offi cer, CRDA, VijayawadaBathula Sesha Srinivasa Rao, Execu ve Engineer, CRDA, VijayawadaD. Mallikharjuna Rao, Administra ve Offi cer, CRDA, VijayawadaBandla Siva Sankar Prasad, I.F.S., Member Secretary, AP Pollu on Control Board, Hyderabad. Dr.A. Nageswara Rao, Scien st-E, AP State Applica on Centre, HyderabadT. Narendra Babu, Scien st-E, AP State Applica on Centre, HyderabadDr. G. Prasada Rao, Scien st-E, AP State Applica on Centre, HyderabadDr. G. Kumaraswami, Team Leader, AP State Applica on Centre, HyderabadDr. P. Eswaramma, Team Leader, AP State Applica on Centre, Hyderabad

We would like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organiza ons for their invaluable insights and contribu ons towards the prepara on of the Capital Region Plan Report.

A farmer si ng outside his neighbours house in Neerukonda Village.


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


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The new Andhra Pradesh state is envisioning to build a new Capital City, close to Vijayawada and Guntur. Shri. N Chandrababu Naidu, the chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and his offi cials aspire to build a world class Capital City; the glowing pride for all the people of Andhra Pradesh.

The development of the New Capital City will be on a green fi eld site of approximately 212 sq km located centrally within the Capital Region. The Capital Region comprises of 7,420 sq.km. straddling on both sides of the Krishna River in both Krishna and Guntur Districts. The Capital Region is well connected to the surrounding economic hubs by air , rail, road, and ports.

The opportuni es and the success of the new Capital City will indefi nitely bring in tremendous pressure on its developments and infrastructure in the long run. Hence, the Capital City cannot func on in isola on. The proposed Industrial Corridor, Port development, Na onal Waterway and other upcoming projects will change the dynamics of the en re State and the Capital Region to a large extent.

Tapping onto these upcoming projects, building on the inherent strength of the exis ng ci es and integra ng future poten al developments translates the vision into a radial corridor development structure for the Region

205013.5 MI POP5.6 MI JOBS

203511 MI POP3.31 MI JOBS

PEOPLES CAPITAL OF ANDHRA PRADESHTHE VISION

Capital Region _ Radial Corridor Growth Strategy Plan

LEGEND

YEAR X BEYOND 205020 MI POP

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To achieve the medium and long term vision for Capital Region, a set of goals covering 6 cri cal sectors of development is proposed. These key goals will guide the physical planning for the Region.

World Class Infrastructure

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Jobs & Homes for all

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Quality Living

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Iden ty & Heritage

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Effi cient Resource Management

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Clean & Green

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Promote high-value added agriculture and agro-based industries

Opportuni es to upgrade skills Knowledge based high-tech

industries Increase home ownership Provide suffi cient aff ordable

housing to cater to the needful Slum free city; Industrial

phasing; Favourable Policy framework

State of art public transport High percentage of modal

share using public transport World class Interna onal

Airport Reserve transit corridors Highly effi cient road network Na onal Waterway for trade High Speed Railway Easy transfer between diff erent

modes of transport

Network of parks and greens by integra ng the village ponds

Access to park for every ci zen within easy walking distance

Produc ve use of natural features on the site without damaging them

Waterfront along Krishna river for public use

Mandatory reserved Green Reserve high value agriculture

land City si ng within the water

and greens

Public transit within walking distance

Neighbourhood center ameni es

Universal access for all ages Health care facili es at

aff ordable costs Live, Work, Learn and Play Ease of commute within

30 minutes from origin to des na on

Preserve historic and culturally important sites

Promote culture and heritage for locals and tourism

Establish a unique iden ty Integrate the exis ng villages Strategic loca ons to come

together and organize cultural ac vi es

Tourism circuit linking heritage features and new nodes

Flood control techniques Reduce, Recycle and Reuse Waste management and

disposal systems Smart grid Renewable energy U lize fl ood management

methods also for recrea on Green cer fi ca on of projects Awareness on effi cient

resource management


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High Speed Rail and Waterway 4 are integrated in the Regional Structure Plan.

In-order to protect the prime fer le lands and to build on the agro based economy of the region; certain zones are iden fi ed as protected agricultural zones. These zones only allow a limited range of other uses that will not facilitate urbaniza on.

C N A

The Regions rich heritage and environmentally sensi ve areas are earmarked as conserva on areas.

Using the Concept Direc on and the key development strategies, the Proposed Capital Region Concept Plan is as follows:

A M C

The New Capital City and Vijayawada will grow as twin ci es in the future due to their close proximity. The diverse economy of the two ci es will compliment each other and ul mately emerge as a Mega City

D R Seven exis ng Urban centres within a radius of 30-45kms from the Capital City are iden fi ed as second- er commercial centres a er the main central business district. These Regional Centres will decentralize the func ons and services of the Capital City , helping to alleviate conges on there and to bring the workplace closer to peoples homes.

D C Development Corridors connect the Capital City and the Regional Centres. The development Corridors provide opportunity for linear developments with Special Use Developments such as clean industries, Infrastructure projects, logis cs based ac vi es are allowed along these corridors.

B R C A radial network with well spaced highways, Expressways and Transport Corridors cater to smooth city travel and fast connec ons within the Capital Region. The upcoming na onal Projects i.e. . Dedicated Freight Corridor along East Coast Economic Corridor,

LEGEND

Capital Region Concept Plan

Young devotees at Sri Panakala Narasimha Swamy Temple, Mangalagiri.

1 INTRODUCTION


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1.1 PROJECT ORGANIZATION & SCHEDULE

Surbana & Jurong together form the Project Management Team (PMT). The project is spread over 6 months under 3 stages and 7 Ac vi es.

Stage 1 : Capital Region Plan :

Ac vity 1: Data Inventory, Analysis and Incep on

Ac vity 2: Regional Context analysis, Economic posi oning and Socio-Demographic Study

Ac vity 3: Visioning, Programming and Structure Plan

Stage 2: Capital City Master Plan:

Ac vity 4: Concept Master Plan, Transporta on Plan and Infrastructure Plan

Ac vity 5: Zoning Plan for new Capital City.

Stage 3: Seed Development Master Plan:

Ac vity 6: Urban Design Proposal for Seed Development

Ac vity 7: Development Guidelines for Seed Development

1.2 PROJECT DELIVERABLES

The deliverables for each stage are

Stage 1: Incep on report The key components of the report are Inventory of the Data collected,

Repor ng of ac vi es such as site visits, kick-off seminar , Deliverables and meline, Finalized project tasks & scope with schedule of trainings and Site Visits.

Stage 1: Dra Capital Region Plan Report. (Progress Report)

Stage 2: Dra Capital City Master Plan and Zoning Plan Report (Progress Report)

Stage 3: Seed Development Master Plan Report (Final Report)

1.3 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Having completed the data collec on, site visit, incep on seminar and training for the Andhra Pradesh offi cials as part of Stage 1: Capital Region Plan, the Project Management Team has duly completed the analysis of the data and developed a vision for the project. The analysis and vision forms the basis of this report and marks the end of Stage 1 of the project.

Presented below is the list of progress and fi nal reports due for this project:

1. Incep on Report (submi ed)2. Dra Stage 1 Report (current report)3. Dra Stage 2 Report4. Stage 3 Report (Final Report including

updates from Stage 1 and 2)

1.4 METHODOLOGY

1.4.1 D C

Surbana and Jurong teams collected the necessary data from the Andhra Pradesh agencies during the period of December 2014 and January 2015. Using this data the teams fi ltered out specifi c relevant data that can be applied in the development of the Capital Region Plan. The data was received in several formats including GIS, Autocad, Excel sheets and hard copy reports.

1.4.2 S V

In January 2015, Surbana and Jurong teams undertook a 2 day elaborate site visit to get a fi rst hand feel of the site and surroundings. The team also interacted with local people to understand their concerns and issues to be considered during the forma on of the master plan. All this informa on was u lized in the site analysis and forma on of the plans as explained below.

1.4.3 M O

Several mee ngs were held during the teams stay in Hyderabad that included CRDA offi cials and Dr. P. Narayana, Minister of Municipal Administra on & Urban Development, Urban Water Supply and Urban Planning for Andhra Pradesh. The team from SIngapore included offi cials from Surbana Interna onal Consultants Pte Ltd (Surbana), JURONG Consultants Pte Ltd (Jurong), Centre for Livable Ci es (CLC),

Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI), Singapore Coopera on Enterprise (SCE) and Interna onal Enterprise (IE).

1.4.4 T W

A delega on of 23 Andhra Pradesh offi cials a ended the APLUGP (Andhra Pradesh Leaders in Urban Governance Programme) organized by CLC in Singapore from 19th to 24th January. Surbana and Jurong teams were ac vely involved throughout this workshop. Surbana and Jurong presented and discussed the progress of the Master Plan with the delega on members to get their insights and views on the ideas being considered.

1.4.5 D A

Parallel to this, planners from Surbana and Jurong were analyzing the relevant data received from the Andhra Pradesh agencies. The analysis included understanding of physical site features such as hills, rivers, canals, forests, drains, etc., along with an understanding of the socio-demographic and economic profi le of the Capital Region.

1.4.6 U S F (USF)

Establishing the USF is the most cri cal step preceding the Vision as this guides the Goals and Strategies. It lays out the Key Performance Indicators to address the social, economic and environmental issues specifi c to the focus area.

1.4.7 V F

Using the understanding of all of the above, combined with the feedback from the Andhra Pradesh offi cials during the APLUGP, the planners from Surbana and Jurong calibrated the appropriate Vision and strategies for development for both the Capital Region and the Capital City.

1.4.8 R S P

A er having understood the poten al opportuni es and constraints within the Capital Region, Surbana and Jurong developed a Regional Structure Plan for the Capital Region. This plan lays out a strategy for future growth within the Capital Region that will compliment the Capital City development in the short and long term.

31.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE

REPORT

In addi on to this introductory chapter,the report consists of the followingchapters:

Chapter 2: Regional Context Analysis

This chapter broadly reviews the exis ng context of the Capital Region at a Na onal and State Level. It determines Capital Regions role with respect to its central loca on in Andhra Pradesh and integra on with upcoming Na onal Projects. It analyzes the exis ng assets and issues as well as the physical constraints and opportuni es within Capital Region. The key sectors undertaken for this analysis are popula on and density, land cover, tourism , heritage and environment, This sec on also presents an overview of past planning ini a ves and an analysis of exis ng land use.

Chapter 3: Exis ng Transport and Infrastructure Analysis.

This chapter consists of two parts. Broad Transport analysis for the Capital Region includes road, rail , water and air network. Broad Infrastructure analysis will cover water supply, waste and storm water management system, power supply, and waste disposal.

Chapter 4: Dimensions of Growth

This chapter summarizes the key fi ndings of the exis ng regional socioeconomic analysis. The Capital City and Region are benchmarked with other Indian Capital Ci es to analyse growth trajectory, key growth drivers and the consequent impact on popula on and expansion of the metropolitan region/urban agglomera on. Based on the above Economic Development Strategy for Capital region broad demographic Projec ons are developed.

Chapter. 5: Development Vision

This chapter presents the sustainability framework proposed for the Capital Region based on its economic, social and environmental issues. Sustainability targets and KPIs are then set to enable its sustainability in the long run.

Chapter 6: Development Strategy and Concept Plan for the Capital Region

This chapter presents the specifi c strategies to achieve the proposed goals explained in the preceding chapter. The strategies are further translated into a Structure Plan demonstra ng the development of growth areas and focus sectors.


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This chapter broadly reviews the regional context of Andhra Pradesh. Capital Regions loca on at the heart of Andhra Pradesh and proximity with the nearby big ci es; se ng the Capital Regions intrinsic role as the new Gateway of East India and also as an access to the Mekong Region. Air, Rail, Road and water connec vity of the Capital region with the nearest landlocked ci es; give Capital Region the key advantage with trade poten al. To be a key player in the region, improvements to infrastructure will help Capital Region to realize its highest poten al. A study of the ac vi es around the Region reveals the opportunity for the Capital Region to be a central node in the region.

This chapter covers the following topics broadly:1 Upcoming Na onal Projects2 Regional Advantage Post Bifurca on3 Regional Connec vity4 Analysis with respect to landcover, key ci es, environment and heritage5 Constraints and Opportuni es

2 REGIONAL CONTEXT ANALYSIS

Workers loading bananas from the fi elds


6dedicated Freight Corridor along the East Coast Economic Corridor which is expected to be func onal by the end of the decade. The large agricultural produce and the many ports along the coastline; will facilitate in posi oning Andhra Pradesh as the gateway for Inland transac ons.

High Speed Rail Corpora on of India (HSRC) has plans to support the golden quadrilateral corridors with the proposed project Diamond Quadrilateral of high speed rail network. The speeds for these trains is 300-350 km/hour; and connects the four key ci es - Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. The Kolkata Chennai network passes through the Capital Region. This reinforces faster and quicker connec ons to key ci es in the country.

N

The Indland Waterways Authority of India has proposals for development and regula on of Inland Waterways for shipping and naviga on. Na onal waterway 4 with a length of 1095km is currently under development.

This inland waterway plays a crucial role in transpor ng the agricultural produce, fer lizers, mber and paper products from Guntur and Krishna Districts to the ci es along the Waterway from Kakinada in the north to Chennai and Pondicherry in the South.

2.1NATIONAL CONTEXT

2.1.1 UPCOMING NATIONAL PROJECTS

The Government of India is developing Industrial Corridors across India as global manufacturing and investment des na ons. These corridors are expected to drive the manufacturing growth in India within the next decade. These economic/Industrial corridors will result in new manufacturing ci es, logis c hubs and residen al townships with dedicated freight corridors.

The proposed East Coast Economic Corridor runs along the coast of Andhra Pradesh (along NH5); and through the proposed Capital City Region. This corridor not just connects indian economic clusters but also helps unlock the poten al of Mekong countries by removing constraints and bo lenecks to growth. Currently Asian Development Bank (ADB) is carrying out analy cal work on this corridor. The fi rst phase is envisioned from Visakhapatnam to Chennai. Many smart Industrial ci es and Investment Regions are in pipeline in this region.

Fig.2.1 illustrates the Proposed Na oanl Projects that impact the development in the Capital Region Area.

Dedicated Freight Corridor Corpora on of India Ltd. (DFCCIL) has plans for a

Fig.2.1 Proposed Transport and Infrastructure projects in India, Source - DFCCIL, HSRC,

7

India supported by major irriga on projects.

It is home to various global and na onal Pharmaceu cal companies.

The state has huge oil and natural gas reserves.

It is a leading exporter of marine Products, Agri and Processed Foods

The state government is planning to set up Informa on Technology Investment Regions (ITIR) in Visakhapatnam, Anantapur and Chi oor districts.

It has emerged as a Tex le processing centre in the recent years.

The state is in the process of se ng

up two Na onal Investment and Manufacturing Zones in Chi oor and Prakasam districts. The upcoming PCPIR in the region is expected to boost refi ning, petrochemicals and chemical industries.

The state is planning smart ci es development and suppor ng this ini a ve with University and Ins tu on development.

Religious places and a long 973 km

coastline makes Andhra Pradesh an ideal place as a holiday des na on.

Today, Andhra Pradesh has infrastructure surplus with state-of-the-art seaports at Krishnapatnam, Kakinada and Visakhapatnam, four airports at Tirupa , Vijayawada, Rajahmundry and Visakhapatnam; and well distributed Industrial Parks.

2.2ANDHRA PRADESH

STATE

2.2.1BIFURCATION

Post bifurca on of erstwhile United Andhra Pradesh into Telangana and Andhra Pradesh; the challenge for Andhra Pradesh is to create a new capital in ten years me. Not just a capital city, the new state will now have to maximise its poten al to establish itself as a growth centre. For this to happen Andhra Pradesh will need to relook at its policies and zones earmarked for crea ng industrial and IT clusters to let these enterprises fl ourish.

2.2.2

This sec on gives a very brief snapshot of the the economic and infrastructure advantage Andhra Pradesh has over Telangana Region. Detailed Economic and Infrastructure studies are explained in the following chapters. A few key advantages1 for Andhra Pradesh are as highlighted in Fig.2.2 and listed below.

The state has well distributed and

established economic generators func oning as Regional hubs. The three key hubs are Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada and Tirupa .

It is a leading Agricultural State; also known as the Rice bowl of

1 Source - India Brand Equity Founda on Aug 2014; Andhra Pradesh Sta s cal Abstract-May 2014

Fig.2.2 Andhra Pradesh - Post bifurca on Advantage


8

Fig.2.3Centrally located Capital Region Fig.2.4Andhra Pradesh - Key Transport Connec ons

2.2.3

Indias key economy genera ng ci es namely Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam and Jagdalpur all lie within a radius of 300-400 km. Proximity and new opportuni es off ered with regard to the new capital city will a ract skilled and talented human resources from these ci es.

Andhra Pradesh has a long coastline with two of the countrys biggest ports Visakhapatnam and Chennai (Tamil Nadu) located in the northern end and southern end respec vely. The Capital Region with its new port at Machilipatnam lies right in the centre of the state. Machilipatnam port has a great poten al for inland trade centre for hinterland ci es including Hyderabad.

Not just in the region, the Capital Region lies centrally along the whole of the eastern coast; opening room to establish itself as the new E G

I .

With respect to connec vity the new Capital Region is very well connected through rail, road and air to key economic powerhouses in the region.

The Capital Region is served by Gannavaram Domes c Airport. There are plans to upgrade Gannavaram to Interna onal Airport. There are 4 Interna onal Airports in the nearby periphery and the nearest one is Hyderabad Interna onal Airport.

Andhra Pradesh currently has one major Port at Visakhapatnam . Other than Visakhapatnam, the state has fi ve more opera onal ports, seven ports are under development and three are proposed to be developed. With three ports under development near Capital region, many jobs open up in the region.

NH 5, NH7, NH18 and NH9 run across the state and connect it to other key ci es in the country. A direct connec on with Bangalore city could however boost the regions trade further. The alignment of the proposed East Coast Economic corridor is s ll under study.

The state is well connected through the rail network connec ng all thirteen districts. The government also has planned to set up a high speed train between Hyderabad and the new capital city to ease traffi c movement between the two states.

9

Fig.2.5 Capital Region with Mandal Boundaries and Capital City Boundary Fig.2.6Capital Region Boundary within Krishna and Guntur District

undertakes the construc on of the new capital region development area,undertaking the construc on of the new capital and managing and supervising urban services in the new capital.

2.3.2CAPITAL REGION

The Capital Region Area is erstwhile VGTM (Vijayawada-Guntur-Tenali-Mangalagiri) plus se lements approximately within 50km radius The Capital Region encompasses a total area of 7,420 sq km and is spread almost equally in both Krishna and Guntur districts. It covers 18 mandals fully and 11 mandals par ally in Guntur district. While, in Krishna district it covers 15 mandals fully and 14 mandals par ally.

Table 2.1 illustrates the Mandal boundaries in the Capital Region.

2.3CAPITAL REGION

2.3.1CRDA ACT

The Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act (CRDA), 2014 has come into force on 30 December, 2014. The Act declares the provision of New Capital Area for the state of Andhra Pradesh and establishment of a development authority for the purpose of Planning, coordina on, execu on, supervision, fi nancing, funding and for promo ng and securing the planned development of the Capital Region. It further

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10 C R M -G

SN . M S . .

1 A F 213

2 A F 125

3 A P 175

4 B P 38

5 C F 134

6 D F 132

7 E P 176

8 G F 190

9 K F 120

10 K F 117

11 K P 99

12 M F 134

13 M F 134

14 M P 49

15 N P 61

16 P F 110

17 P F 140

18 P P 28

19 P P 123

C R M -K

SN . M S . .

1 A F 224

2 B F 200

3 C P 67

4 C P 225

5 G.K F 263

6 G F 207

7 G P 83

8 G F 78

20 P P 137

21 P P 111

22 S P 213

23 T F 79

24 T F 193

25 T F 127

26 T F 181

27 T F 105

28 V F 118

29 V F 103

Table 2.1 Capital Region Mandals in Guntur and Krishna District (Source - GIS Database from CRDA) 2.3.3CAPITAL CITY

The loca on chosen for the Capital City is 12 km away from Vijayawada and 20 km from Guntur. It falls in Thullur, Mangalagiri, Tadepalli mandals of Guntur District; Ibrahimpatnam and Vijayawada Rural mandals of Krishna District; with an area of 212 sq.km. approximately.

Ini ally the Capital City boundary was limited to Guntur District. The planning team analysed the earlier chosen site and suggested considering development on both sides of Krishna River for a comprehensive riverfront development strategy. This allows for controlled development in the waterfront villages in Krishna District; that face the new Business District and waterfront Capitol Complex located right across the river.

Please refer to Fig.2.5 for Capital City loca on within Capital Region.

9 G F 41

10 I 2 F 173

11 K P 187

12 K F 108

13 M F 39

14 M P 72

15 M 2 P 107

16 N F 163

17 N F 67

18 N P 210

19 P 2 P 100

20 P P 123

21 P P 95

22 P P 79

23 P F 14

24 T F 115

25 U F 147

26 V F 201

27 V ( ) F 151

28 V ( ) F 57

29 V F 83 Fig.2.7Planta ons at Thullur Mandal

11

2.3.4DEVELOPMENT HISTORY

The Government of Andhra Pradesh cons tuted the VGTM Urban Development Authority in 1978 under A.P. Urban Areas (Devt.) Act of 1975 for a development Area of 1665 sq.kms. This development area cons ted the four fast growing urban areas of Vijayawada, Guntur, Tenali and Mangalagiri and 150 villages around these towns falling in both Krishna and Guntur Districts.

The boundary was later extended to 1955 sq.kms. in the year 1988 due to rapid urbaniza on. The expanded development area then cons tuted 30 lakh popula on; extending in 39 more Villages. A masterplan was prepared as an outline development plan.

Z D P

In 2006, Andhra Pradesh Government prepared Zonal Development Plans for the en re VGTM area of 1954.61 sq.km. The plans came into opera on in 2007.

The Zonal Development Plans cons tute the proposed Land Use Plans and Zoning Regula ons for all zones; based on projec ons for the year 2021. The main aspects taken into considera on are demographic, economic and Environmental profi le, Land Use Pa ern, Economic and Social Infrastructure, traffi c and transporta on, Urban Governance, Municipal Finance, Heritage and

Fig.2.8VGTM_ Zonal Development Plan- Proposed Land Use Plan for Year 2021.

Tourism and sectorwise issues and solu ons.

Vision1 for the Key Urban Centres is as follows:

Vision for Vijayawada City A na onal level transport node; Sub na onal commercial and service center;Tourism and cultural heritage center; An educa onal, professional and knowledge hub - as a Knowledge city

Vision for Guntur CityVision I - Interna onal Trade and Commerce and industrial hub; and center of educa onal ins tutes of world order, and providing good living environment to its surrounding areasVision II - Guntur as regional service Centre for neighbouring towns and villages by providing world class infrastructure and maintaining clean environment

Vision for Mangalagiri TownGrowth point with small and medium scale secondary sectors in regional raw materials while conserving the heritage and historical value unique to the town

The proposals from the Zonal Development Plans are integrated in the Capital Regioan Strategy Plan. However, with the development of the Capital City within the VGTM boundary; these proposals need to be reconsidered to accommodate the new developments, infrastructure and the excess popula on migra on from surrounding regions.1 Zonal Development Plans, VGTM UDA- 2007Source - VGTM Zonal Development Plans

LAND COVER DISTRIBUTION IN VGTM BOUNDARY


12

S.N . L U L C A (H ) %1 Agriculture -Aquaculture,Crop Land, Fallow and

Planta on599,397 80.91

2 Built Up _Industrial and Mining 4,932 0.673 Built Up_ Rural and Urban 45,739 6.174 Forest _Deciduous,Forest Planta on, Scrub Forest

and Tree Clad area30,747 4.15

5 Wasteland_Barren and Scrubland 10,746 1.456 Water bodies-Canal/Drain/Reservoir/Tanks 49,153 6.647 Wetlands-Inland Natural 78 0.01

Total 740,792 100.00

2.3.5EXISTING SITE CONTEXT

When comparing the proposed Land Use Plan for VGTM for 2021 against the exis ng Land Use Plan of 2014 to see the extent of achievement of the former plan, it is observed that the Urbaniza on outside Vijayawada and Guntur has not taken place, while density within the ci es con nued to go up at a fast rate1. Only 7% of the Capital Region area

is classifi ed under forest and water bodies. Most of the forest cover is over the Kondaveedu, Kondapalli,

1 Zonal Development Plans, VGTM UDA- 2007

Ko uru and other small hills. The forest cover near the urban Areas is deple ng rapidly due to encroachments.

A sizable 81% of the land is under agricultural use, which off ers tremendous opportuni es for high value agro based economy.

The region has some Industrial Base but mostly in the primary sector. It is sca ered near Ibrahimpatnam, Vijayawada, Guntur. Quarrying ac vi es are found near Kondapalli and Kondaveedu Forest.

Most of the Capital Region land in Krishna District is occupied by hills , forests and prime agriculture land (more than two seasons) that needs to be protected. This directs urbaniza on and future expansion towards Guntur District.Table 2.2Exis ng Land Cover

Fig.2.9Capital Region_ Exis ng Land Cover Source - GIS Database_CRDA

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13

City/Town Area Popula on density (p/sq.km.)Vijayawada (Urban) 56.70 1,048,240 18,908

Guntur 45.71 651,382 11,201

Tenali 15.11 164,649 10,258Mangalagiri 10.49 0.087 8,294

Fig.2.10 Capital Region_ Exis ng Se lement Hierarchy

2.3.6

As per URDPFI guidelines the exis ng hierarchy of se lements within Capital region is as follows- 1 Metropolitan Vijayawada 1 Large City Guntur 9 Medium Towns - Tenali, Gudivada,

Mangalagiri, Gollapudi, Tadepalli, Ponnur, Nuzvid, Sa enapalle, Kannuru

291 Small Towns and Villages

Fig.2.10 illustrates the development trend in the Capital Region. The following are some key observa ons: With a large industrial and

Commercial base, the popula on of Vijayawada City has increased rapidly. This popula on is absorbed by the neighbouring suburbs like Gollapudi and Tadepalli which have grown into medium sized towns.

Areas near Guntur City have also grown into Small towns.

A higher percentage of se lements especially medium sized towns like Gudivada, Tenali and Ponnur are located in the Delta Region.

The Capital Region clearly shows linear development along the transport corrdiors with key nodes.

The gross density of the capital Region is 735 p/sq.km. However the gross urban density for Vijayawada is around 18,000 p/sq.km. which is above the desirable norm. Vijayawada s urban agglomera on already reached its projected popula on of 16.4 lakh by the year 2021 in just 7 years (Year 2014) . Such density, if compared with other highly populated Asian ci es such as Seoul and Singapore, stands out excep onally. To slow down the seemingly unstoppable densifi ca on of the urban area due to the imminent popula on increase, alterna ve decentraliza on strategies will have to be explored and enforced.

Table 2.3Development Density in Key Ci es/Towns Source - Census 2011

Source - GIS Database_CRDA

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14

V is the largest city in the Capital Region; It is a Commercial and a trading hub, Tourist Des na on, Transport Node and an Educa on Hub. The popula on has increased by 3 mes in the last three decades partly due to the rise in migrant popula on from rural areas.

G is the second largest city in the region. It serves as a marke ng centre for chillies, tobacco and co on and an important educa onal centre. The City is also popular for its processing industries for rice pulses and oil seeds. Tourism and industrial estates are other major economy.

T is the third largest city; important commercial and Transport Centre in the region. Marke ng Centre for agricultural products from its rich agricultural hinterland; export Centre for paddy and rice and is popular for its Mills, dairy and processing factories.

M is an important pilgrimage centre, popular for handloom weaving units and agriculture. The town is strategically located between the three biggest ci es in the region. Popula on expected to be 0.22 mi from the current 0.1 mi by the year 2021.

2.4KEY CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES IN CAPITAL REGION

Mangalagiri templeCollege at TenaliChili Yard at GunturPrakasam Barrage at Vijayawada

G , also called the temple town is the mandal headquarters with more than 100,000 inhabitants. It lies as a junc on for Vijayawada, Machilipatnam, Nuzvid and Eluru. Gudivada is popular for its Buddhist Stupas, jain Relics and Hindu Temple. The town has fer le agricultural lands for paddy cul va on.

G is perceived as the gateway of Vijayawada city due to its close proximity. It is located along NH5 with Industrial base at Rayanapadu. Great Poten al to absorb demographic and economic pressures of Vijayawada city.

T is a leading supplier of vegetables, fruits and farm products to Vijayawada. Three villages - Undavalli, Penumaka and Kolanakonda are famous for historical importance. Development pressure leading to many development layouts both approved and unapproved; loss of river bank.

P town is the headquarters of Ponnur mandal, situated on Guntur-Chirala State Highway. The town is famous for Sri Sakshi Bhavanarayana Swamy Temple and Sri Sahasralingeswara Swamy Temple. Thousands of people arrive to watch the annual fes val at Sri Sakshi Bhavanarayana Swamy Temple.

Sri Ayyapaswamy temple at Gollapudi Undavalli caves at Tadepalle

Island Centre at Ponnur

NTR Stadium at Gudivada

15

N is historic fort City; It is well known for its mangoes, which are exported world wide. Agriculture is the main economy of the area. With respect to industries, few seasonal mango pulp canning factories are located here. It is an Educa onal Centre for the neighbouring areas with many Public Schools and IIIT Campus.

K - located 20kms from Vijayawada, is a popular tourist des na on for its reserve forest, fort and toys. It is also the heavy Industries suburb of Vijayawada with bo ling , oil storage and power plants. BG railway line caters to both passenger and goods transporta on.

S is a town 35km away from Guntur. It is slowly developing as a business hub. Two mini Hydel power projects and a mini thermal power plant are being set up in the area. There are many schools and colleges in this town.

I town is 17 kms away from Vijayawada City. The town is popular for its Dr Narla Tata Rao Thermal Power Sta on, Railway Wagon Workshop at Rayanapadu (4km away). The town has educa onal ins tu ons and residen al quarters for employees of the power plant.

V town has very fer le lands and the economy is majorly agriculture based. It is served by good irriga on system. KCP sugar factory is considered the countrys biggest and best; is located here. The town is known for its educa onal ins tutes and temples.

At G , an world war II Army airfi eld was converted into civilian airport in 2003; rapid sporadic growth took place since 2011 a er the airport services expanded. Tremendous pressure with the new airport expansion to interna onal status.

N is 48 km north of Vijayawada; is famous for the temples which had a great history for years. The river Muneru fl ows in the outer part of the village with agriculture fi elds around it. Many IT professionals come from this town.

A is historic town with great touris c signifi cance; from being a capital city in the past to its temples, buddhist Stupas, Ancient Art and Amaravathi School. The town is a center of pilgrimage to both Hindus and Buddhists, a racts visitors throughout the year.

Mangoes being loaded into rakes at Nuzvid railway sta on ZP High School at Sa enapalle Vishwa shan Public School at Vuyyuru Agricultural Fields near Nandigama

Kondapalli Toys made out of wood from Kondapalli Forest Vijayawada Thermal Power Sta on at Ibrahimpatnam Domes c Airport at Gannavaram World famous Buddhist Stupa at Amaravathi


16

Fig.2.11Capital Region_Exis ng Wetlands, Forests and Bio Diversity

2.4.1ENVIRONMENT

Capital region is bound by a number of natural features mainly the Krishna river and its rivulets, Kondapalle, Ko uru, Mangalagiri and Tadepalle Reserve Forest and hills.

Krishna District is divided into upland and delta zones; the delta region off ers fer le land for agriculture towards the coastline. The uplands consist of the Kondapalli hill range that runs between Nandigama and Vijayawada with a length of about 24 km. Other hills of some historic importance and religious associa on are Jammalavoidurgam, Mogalrajapuram and Indrakiladri hills.

In Guntur District the Nallamalai hill ranges that form part of the Eastern Ghats; lie in the western part of the district . The famous Ethipothala water falls are located in these ranges, near Macherla. Kondaveedu and Venkatayapalem ranges are prominant hills in the Capital Region. Few small to medium sized hills like the pedamadduru, Nidumukkala hill forest and Mangalagiri surround the capital city off ering good scenic views of the region. Gu konda, Mangalagiri Undavalli are hills of religious signifi cance.

Most of the hills are primarily reserved Forest areas spread in Nandigama, Vijayawada, Nuzvid , Gannavaram and Yedlapadu. The region has a forest cover of around 30,500 hectares.The world famous Kondapalli toys are manufactured from a light wood called Ponuku found in Kondapalli hills. Prominant trees in these forests are pterocarpus, Terminalia, Anogeissus and Logustroeinai and Casuarina. Kondapalli Forest is also famous for its medicinal plants used by the ethnic people.


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17

Fly Ash Pond near Kondapalli Hill at Trilochanapuram


18

Fig.2.12Capital Region_Water Resouces

WATER RESOURCES

The coastal belt consists of fer le plains in the Krishna delta region. Krishna is the major perennial river dividing the two districts. It fl ows through rela vely fl at terrain and carries a substan al amount of sediment during the monsoon season. It turns sharply south-eastwards and joins the sea 80 km away from Vijayawada, at Hamsaladivi and Nachugunta in Krishna district. Muneru, Budameru, Guntur Channel, Guntur Branch Canal are other smaller rivulets in the Capital Region.

Capital Region has three major basins. The Central Krishna Basin, basin formed by rivers between Krishna and Godavari and third sub basin from rivers between Krishna and Pennar river.

Around 50,000 hectares of area is covered in canals, reservoirs, tanks and rivers that irrigate almost 580,000 hectares of Agricultural Land.

The capital city area has abundant water supply. In certain areas, groundwater is available at about 30- 50 feet depending on the season.

Key Issues

Sand is quarried from Krishna and Muneru River for construc on purposes.

With the absence of drainage system in villages; the villages are characterized with uncared open drains and waste is dumped into them with later join the river network

The canals traversing through ci es are dumped with soild waste, people wash clothes alongside and defecate in the canals; resul ng in polluted water system.


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19

River Krishna ; looking towards Kondapalli Hill


20

Fig.2.13Capital Region_Heritage and Tourism

2.4.2

Krishna and Guntur districts off er a lot of sites of heritage and cultural signifi cance. The culture of Krishna district is mostly tradi onal in rural places and moderately modern in Vijayawada. It is also famous as the birthplace for Indian classical dance named kuchipudi. Guntur District has a dams and waterfalls along Krishna River in the nallamalla ranges and many Buddist and Hindu temples.Most of these key heritage and cultural des na ons fall in the Capital Region.

Key temples in the Capital Region are - In Guntur District - Sri Agasteswara

Temple, Sree Ramanamma Kshethram - Maravathi heritage place, Nallapadu temples, Lam, Pedakakani (malleshwaraswami temple,) Pondugula and Undavalli Caves, Pothuru Village (ankireddy palem Zone)

In Krishna District - The district authority has planned a temple tourism circuit star ng from Hamsaladeevi near the confl uence of the river and the Sea and connec ng Sri Ramalingeswara Swamy temple and Kalakshetram at Kuchipudi, Sri Venugoplaswamy temple at Movva, Sri Maha Vishnu temple at Srikakulam, and Buddhist sthupa at Ghanatasala, Challapalli kota, Sri Subrahmanyeswara swamy temple at Mopidevi, Sri Durganageswara swamy temple at Pedakallepalli, and Sri Venugopala swamy temple at Hamsaladeevi.

Forests Reserve, Krishna Waterfront and the islands within the river off er a great poten al for tourism within the Capital Region. The Andhra Pradesh Tourism Board has many new tourism projects planned within the Capital region; However most of these projects are stalled. A few are listed below: Mega tourism circuit at Kondapalli

and Ibrahimpatnam Water Sports facili es at Bhavani

Island Proposed ropeway project from

Kanaka Durga temple atop Indrakeeladri and a designated place near Seetammavari Padalu

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21

There are a few other important tourism places ou sde the Capital Region that a ract a lot of tourists. Kolleru lake, is one of the largest

fresh water lakes in India is 70 km away from Vijayawada. Many birds such as Siberian crane, ibis, and painted storks migrate here in winter. It is also a major des na on for tourists.

The Srisailam and Nagarjuna sagar Dam (worlds largest masonry dam)in Guntur District.

Manginapudi Beach is popular amongst domes c travellers.

Capital Region does not have specifi c urban conserva on guidelines for the historic precincts. Many of the heritage assets within Capital region are not well maintained and heritage conserva on eff orts are mostly focused on holding the buildings/temples intact neglec ng the whole built environment.

Capital Region off ers great tourism poten al on all fronts - Heritage, Recrea onal, Religious and Natural Features. The lack of solid infrastructure is s ll a major constraint for tourism in this region. Connec vity and accommoda on capaci es must be improved to expect more arrivals, with an integrated tourism strategy and proper pricing.

An external strategy could focus on thefollowing ac ons: State and District Tourism Strategy

to capitalize and promote the unique off erings.

Interna onal trade and tourism fairs Expanded Air services agreements.

Kondapalli Fort Kanaka Durga Temple

Undavalli CavesAmaravathi Bha prolu

Gandhi Hill Nanda Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy temple

Challapalli FortKrishna Barrage ,credit :Amar Raavi Temple at Nallapadu

Fig.2.14Capital Region_Environment Constraints and Challenges

An internal strategy could focus on thefollowing developments : Hotel And Catering School Hotel Development Resorts, Other A rac ons Improve Airport Facili es Tourism investment policies andincen ves for hotel and resortdevelopment A culture of tourism service with be er training through a na onal hotel & catering school

2.4.3

Industrializa on, rapid urban growth, migra on and lack of stringent laws to monitor resource u liza on have re-sulted in degrada on of environment in the urban areas. Key challenges and constraints are categorized under environmental and Urban; and they are as below.

E Stringent planning measures need

to be taken for areas that fall under high risk fl ood zone. Most of the islands of Krishna river and the valley area in Krishna District fall under this category; comprises 7% of the Capital Region.

The presence of the extensive network of canals, rivers and waterbodies in the Capital Region necessitates a sustainable water management program to enrich the agricultural produce. Around 7% of the area is protected water bodies.

The agricultural land area downstream Parakasam barrage bound by NH5 is well irrigated with two and three season crops. This area needs to be protected from encroachments and urbanisa on.

The hills are typically characterized by steep slopes; Encroachment and erosion are a major environmental issue.

The forest cover in the region is reducing due to quarrying ac vi es and encroachments. The challenge would be to protect the forests and ini ate aff orestata on in selected areas. 4% of the land falls under forests and hills.

23

URBAN - Key issues and Constraints within the exis ng urban areas

The northern and southern sides of the river are connected at only two places near Vijayawada causing heavy conges on and air pollu on in Vijayawada. More adequate north south linkages are need to be built to relieve conges on.

Most developed urban se lements lie in the eastern part of the region due to agricultural opportuni es in this area. The challenge here is to allow for development but at the same me protect the prime agricultural lands.

The hill ranges across the northern side pose a constraint in connec ng the iden fi ed key ci es seamlessly. Alternate route need to be iden fi ed.

Fig.2.15Capital Region_Urban Constraints and Challenges

Vijayawada City faces heavy traffi c conges on and pollu on issues due to inadequate roads and infrastructure provision. With the new Capital City located right next to Vijayawada; there is a high probability of borrowing these problems into the Capital City even before the new city is developed. Major redevelopment strategies need to be ini ated with regard to Infrastructure upgrada on in the surrounding areas.

Fig.2.16Capital Region_Environmental Assets and Opportuni es

2.4.4 -

A large part of land within the CRDA boundary is fl at land and falls under low to medium risk fl ood hazard; The Regions planned growth areas should consider these areas.

The Krishna river cu ng across the region off ers a riverfront stretching 130km. This off ers an opportunity to provide open public spaces with waterfront facili es and commercial ac vi es; leading to vibrant and eco friendly communi es.

A seamless network of green and blue spaces for public leisure connec ng all the natural assets could be planned while securing the protec on of the same.

The Kondapalli Reserve Forest, Ko uru Reserve Forest , Kondaveedu Range, Krishna River, Bhavani and other islands in Krishna River off er poten al for a vast eco tourism circuit; This circuit could be linked with the beaches along Krishna and Guntur districts coastline.

The region off ers a safe and conducive environment for tourism & business.

Fig.2.17Capital Region_Urban Assets and Opportuni es

- There is no denying that the upcoming East Coast Economic Cor-ridor passing through the region will boost the regions economy incredibly. The two na onal highways NH5

and NH 214 will con nue to be the backbone of the region as growth corridors. NH9 will play a key role in logis cs connec ng the current capital Hyderabad to this region and further down to the port;

New high-tech industrial belt can be developed close to the airport with advantage of access to the new Machilipatnam port. The designated new seaport and proposed Gannavaram interna onal Airport open up immense opportuni es for new employment centers near Gudivada and Gannavaram areas.

A new road link connec ng the new Capital City with the rayalaseema region and further down to Bangalore could strengthen the regions connec vity.

The proposal for High Speed rail connec ng Visakhapatnam to Chennai; off ers the advantage of loca ng a terminus within the new capital city. (More details of the same are provided in Chapter 3)

With the Capital Citys loca on in close proximity to Vijayawada, Tadepalli and Mangalagiri; the planners foresee many advantages. More in terms of available workforce from these ci es.

Capital Region also holds tremendous unexploited tourism poten al in specialized areas such as cultural tourism and tradi onal arts. Temple Tourism in par cular could be magnifi ed in the region; with planned state of the art temple town promo ng telugu culture. This could be sited close to Amaravathi town.


26


This chapter reviews the exis ng condi ons, future projects andkey issues of transporta on and infrastructure in the Capital Region.The chapter covers the following:

Transport Roads Rail Avia on Water Transport Public Transport Non-motorized Transport

Infrastructure Water Supply Waste Water Storm Water Solid Waste Power Supply

3 EXISTING TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS

View of the railway bridge over the Krishna River from Barrage


283.1 GENERAL REVIEW

3.1.1 ANDHRA PRADESH INFRASTRUCTURE

In the state of Andhra Pradesh, the high growth due to economic liberaliza on has resulted in signifi cant movement of goods and people, which in turn created problems such as conges on, pollu on and overburden and deteriora on of exis ng infrastructure.

A mul -pronged approach is needed to ensure that the economic growth and urbaniza on does not lead to further deteriora on in mobility and accessibility in urban areas, while providing new infrastructure where necessary.

In 2001, the State Government enacted the Andhra Pradesh Infrastructure Development Enabling Act (APIDEA), providing a regulatory framework for a rac ng private sector investment and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into the infrastructure sector.

The framework enables the State Government to enable and encourage the private sector to invest in the development and maintenance the infrastructure in the State of Andhra Pradesh.

Infrastructure development is therefore well-supported by legisla on, however key strategies need to be developed to encourage such investments.

Prakasam Barrage Photo Credit: Adarsh Gupta K.

29

Fig.3.1 Exis ng Roads in the Capital Region

3.1.2 R

E C

Road transporta on is the dominant mode of travel in India. In 2012, roads carried approximately 85% of the countrys passenger traffi c and 65% of its freight. Roads form the backbone of public transport and connec vity to other modes such as ports and airports.

About 40% of road traffi c in India is carried by Na onal Highways, however they only account for 2% of the countrys road network. India has a na onal highway density comparable to that of United States, however most highways in India are narrow and congested.

More than 7% of the countrys na onal highway (3144km) is located in Andhra Pradesh1. Two vital na onal highways, NH5 and NH9, intersect at Vijayawada, the current business capital of Andhra Pradesh.Fig.3.1 illustrates the Exis ng Roads in the Capital Region . NH5 connects the Capital Region with the two industrial centers of Chennai and Kolkata, whilst the NH9 connects the Capital Region with Hyderabad and Machilipatnam Port. Several large ci es and towns in the Capital Region, such as Guntur, Gannavaram, Mangalagiri and Nandigama are also located along these two Na onal Highways.

High traffi c demand is expected along the Na onal Highways, as they are the only roads that connect the Capital Region with other commercial centers.

The Krishna River separates the Capital Region into two parts. Presently the two-lane Prakasam Barrage road and the NH5 are the only highways across the Krishna River in the Capital Region, and are heavily congested.

1 Andhra Pradesh State Sta s cal Abstract, Planning Department, 2014

Road Type Length(km) PercentageNa onal Highway 1863 14%

State Highway 435 3%

District Road 3176 23%Village Road 5532 40%

Other 2672 20%

Table 3.1Exis ng Road Lengths (by type) in Capital Region

LEGEND


30The NHDP is currently upgrading and improving the Na onal Highways linking other ci es to the Golden Quadrilateral to improve road connec vity and accessibility (Refer to Chapter 2).

The East Coast Economic Corridor (ECEC) links Kolkata to Chennai via Andhra Pradesh as shown in Fig.3.2. In compliance of the commitment made by the Central Government in the Andhra Pradesh Reorganiza on Act, 2014, Asian Development Bank will focus on the Vizag - Chennai Sec on in the fi rst phase of the study3. The Capital Region is expected to benefi t from the development of the ECEC.

Several state governments have been implemen ng a number of state highway projects since 2000. By 2010, state highway projects worth $1.7 billion had been completed, and an addi onal $11.4 billion worth of projects were under implementa on. The state government of Andhra Pradesh had implemented the construc on of 1230 km of state highways as of 2010.

K I

Heavy traffi c conges on due to insuffi cient lane capacity

Connec ons in the Capital Region depend on two Na onal Highways

Conges on at Prakasam Barrage due to high traffi c demand across the Krishna River

3 Investment opportuni es in Corridors, NIMZ and Cluster under IIUS, 2014

Poor road quality and under-funded exis ng road maintenance leading to deteriora on of roads

O

The expansion of Na onal Highways and State Roads are expected to alleviate traffi c conges on, however there is need to study projected demand in considera on of the new Capital City. Its central loca on makes it an ideal distribu on hub to Chennai, Visakhapatnam and Hyderabad.

A comprehensive regional network of Na onal Highway-level roads are required to ensure that road capacity is suffi cient to support the projected growth. Bypass roads can be introduced to relieve conges on in the future Capital City and to allow bypass traffi c to circulate around the region unimpeded.

A new road hierarchy (high capacity urban roads) will be introduced as an intermediary. Road hierarchy and cross-sec ons are crucial to safeguard land reserves necessary for the road network. Long term strategic plans can help to safeguard these reserves, and iden fy key alignments for development.

Fig.3.2 Na onal Economic Corridor through Andhra Pradesh; Alignment not confi rmed

State Roads link ci es in Guntur district, i.e. Guntur and Tenali, however State Roads are not prevalent in Krishna district due to few major se lements. Major district roads and local roads play a large role in connec ng smaller villages in the Capital Region.

Development of rural roads in the Capital Region has been done mainly through the Prime Minister Rural Roads Scheme, which aimed to build all-weather single lane, paved asphalted roads to connect all habita ons with a popula on of 500 or above (250 or above for hilly areas).

The roads were of indiff erent quality constructed by unskilled labour. As the objec ve of the programme was provision of sustenance support to the rural people, the technical standards of asset quality were not insisted upon. As a result, roads constructed under the scheme were o en not durable2.

The Na onal Highways Development Project (NHDP), managed by the Na onal Highways Authority of India (NHAI), is upgrading, rehabilita ng and widening major highways in India.

The Golden Quadrilateral project, which is one of the keystone projects of the NHDP, also includes the upgrading of NH5 from Kolkata to Chennai via Andhra Pradesh. This was completed in 2013.

2 India Infrastructure Report 2007

NH5 at Mangalagiri

31

Fig.3.3 Exis ng Rail Network and Railways in Capital Region

3.1.3 R

E C

Indian railways provide an important mode of transport in India, transpor ng over 24 million passengers and more than 2 million tonnes of freight daily. The Indian rail network connects more than 7,000 sta ons over a total route length of more than 65,000 km and track length of about 115,000 km.

Vijayawada Junc on, one of the busiest railway sta ons in India. More than 250 express and 150 freight trains pass through it daily. It serves over 50 million passengers per year.

Andhra Pradesh has 5,046 km of railway network. It plays a signifi cant role in boos ng the economy of the state, alongside developing the industrial and the tourism sectors. All the districts in the state are connected by rail. The Capital Region has 2 major sta ons in Vijayawada and Guntur. (Fig.3.3)Two major commu ng lines, Jammu-Delhi-Kanyakumar, which connects northern and southern India, and the Kolkata-Kanyakumar, which connects eastern and southern India, both intersect at Vijayawada Junc on Sta on1.

Overall freight movement by rail in India has grown by 35% between 2002 and 2006 and has been growing by 5.8% annually to 2013 (Fig.3.4). To support the growth, the Ministry of Railways is construc ng new Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFC) to increase in produc vity and reduce in freight transporta on cost.

1 Approach to the 12th Five Year Plan of Andhra Pradesh, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, 2012

Fig.3.4 Total Freight Traffi c moved by Rail (Indian Railways, 2013)

0

200

400

600

800

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

LEGEND


32

Two corridors have been constructed (Eastern and Western Corridors), with four addi onal Dedicated Freight Corridors being planned (Refer to Chapter 2).

The East Coast Corridor and North South Corridor iden fi ed intersect at Vijayawada. Machilipatnam Port is also connected to the Capital Region by rail, as shown in Fig.3.5. These freight corridors may introduce a signifi cant por on of freight through-traffi c, which may add to conges on at Vijayawada Junc on.

The railway lines are undergoing standardiza on, and the Indian Railways are currently upgrading the rail tracks and conver ng the exis ng narrow gauge and meter gauge lines to broad gauge under Project Unigauge.

The Ministry of Railway plans to increase rail capacity by doubling and electrifying 14,000 km of the exis ng and poten al overcrowded lines. Key rail sec ons with planned upgrades which benefi t the state of Andhra Pradesh are: Vijayawada-Gudivada-Bhimavaram-

Nidadavolu Gudivada-Machilipatnam, and Bhimavaram-Narsapur

The electrifi ca on of the Vijayawada - Machilipatnam port will also increase freight capacity, therefore suppor ng the Capital Regions role in the Industrial Corridor.

Indian Railways also plans to improve the exis ng conven onal lines to semi-

Fig.3.5 Exis ng and Planned DFC

high speed rail handling speeds of up to 160 km/h, and are proposing high-speed rail on new tracks with improved technology. The Indian Ministry of Railways white-paper Vision 2020 proposed six poten al high-speed rail corridors (HSR) connec ng commercial, tourist, and pilgrimage hubs (Refer Sec on 2.1.1 in Chapter 2).

The main High Speed Rail Corridor which would benefi t the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region is the Hyderabad - Chennai High-Speed Passenger Corridor, which passes through Vijayawada.

Commu ng and freight traffi c at Vijayawada Junc on is expected to grow signifi cantly due to the development of the new Capital Region.

As the sole rail crossing of Krishna River, conges on is currently occurring at Vijayawada Sta on, with delays of up to 90 minutes . The sta on is running at capacity, and will not be able to accommodate future growth.

K I

Development of dedicated freight corridors may introduce signifi cant freight through-traffi c at Vijayawada Junc on

Conges on at Vijayawada Junc on Introduc on of High-speed rail Need to separate freight and

passenger traffi c Need for addi onal rail crossing

along Krishna River to alleviate pressure on Vijayawada Sta on

Dedicated Freight CorridorRoute

Length (km) Status

Start Point Termina on Point

Western Dedicated Freight Corridor Dadri JNPT, Nava Sheva 1483 Approved in Rail Budget 2014-15

Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor Ludhiana Dankuni 1839 Approved in Rail Budget 2014-15

East-West Dedicated Freight Corridor Kolkata Mumbai 2000 Planned

North-South Dedicated Freight Corridor Delhi Chennai 2173 Planned

East Coast Dedicated Freight Corridor Kharagpur Vijayawada 1100 Planned

South-West Dedicated Freight Corridor Chennai Goa 890 Planned

Table 3.2Status of Freight Corridors in 2014

O

The provision of a bypass freight corridor would help to remove freight through-traffi c from Vijayawada Junc on. This can help Vijayawada Junc on improve capacity for commuter traffi c to and from the Capital City. These new corridors should provide alterna ves to the exis ng crossing points across River Krishna to help alleviate the pressure on the exis ng crossing.

Transport/Logis cs Hubs can also be introduced in the fringes of the new Capital City, so that commuter traffi c can be dispersed without travelling to Vijayawada Junc on fi rst.

The High-Speed Rail sta on can also be located within the new Capital City instead of Vijayawada Junc on, therefore improving the capacity of the sta on.

33

3.1.4 AVIATION

E C

Increase in air traffi c in India over the last decade has placed a heavy strain on the countrys major airports.

Andhra Pradesh is well-connected to the avia on network via 1 interna onal airport and 5 domes c airports. There are also 3 interna onal airports in the adjacent states to Andhra Pradesh,namely Chennai, Bangalore and Hyderabad (Fig.3.6).

The closest airport to the Capital Region is Vijayawada Airport (IATA: VGA), 18 km east of Vijayawada. It is a mid-sized domes c airport and is currently served by four regular airlines with eight daily scheduled fl ights. Freight usage at the airport is currently limited.

Recent upgrades to the airport include a runway extension (2,285m), and acquisi on of 169 hectares of land for future expansion, bringing its total area to 400 hectares.

The Airports Authority of India (AAI) is currently developing and making infrastructural improvements to the Vijayawada Airport to accommodate future increase in air traffi c. There are plans to increase the length of the runway to 3,200m, improve exis ng facili es, security and opera ons and construc on of a new runway for domes c services. 1.

1 Deccan Chronicle, 2014

Freight logis cs is not a primary use of the exis ng airport, however the industrializa on of Andhra Pradesh may increase freight share in the airport.

Vijayawada Airport is approximately 25 minutes away from Vijayawada by car, 30 minutes by train.

K I

Small land area may limit future airport expansion

Inadequate facili es to handle freight

Infrequent public transport services to and from Vijayawada, and other neighbouring ci es

O

Addi onal land may be reserved for future expansion in the strategic plans. By doing so, runways capable of receiving larger planes may be built, therefore enabling interna onal fl ights from Europe and the US.

Freight logis cs facili es can be developed to accommodate cargo growth in the airport.

The airport can also be developed as a transport/logis cs hub, in order to support be er public transport connec vity to nearby towns and the new Capital City.

Fig.3.6 Exis ng Airports in the vicinity of the Capital Region


34

3.1.5 WATER TRANSPORT

E C

Despite Indias high density of rivers and canals, inland water transporta on remains largely undeveloped. The total cargo transported by the inland waterways was just 0.1% of the total inland waterways traffi c in India, compared to 21% for United States.

There is poten al growth in the use of the canals for moving freight cargo. The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) has undertaken several projects to develop fi ve Na onal Waterways (Refer Sec on 2.1.1 in Chapter 2), where Na onal Waterway 4 (Fig.3.10) runs through the Capital Region of Andhra Pradesh1.

Na onal Waterway 4 is expected to form the backbone of water transport in the Capital Region. 1 Inland Waterways Authority of India, 2012

Visakhapatnam Port

The waterway connects Kakinada- Puducherry canals with Godavari and Krishna rivers and will provide a vital link for transpor ng agricultural products and industrial goods between rural areas and urban centers. It also connects the sea ports of Kakinada, Krishnapatnam, Ennore and Chennai and will facilitate inland import and export of cargo. The Na onal Waterway 4 is expected to transport 11 million tonne cargo per annum.

Krishna River is not navigable; its primary purpose is to provide water for irriga on. It is fed by seasonal monsoon rains, and therefore its fl ow undergoes great fl uctua on during the year, limi ng its usefulness for irriga on and transporta on.

Fig.3.7 Na onal Waterway and Air port within Capital Region

LEGEND

35

Fig.3.8 Ports in the vicinity of the Capital Region

The Capital City is located at the key intersec on of Na onal Waterway 4 and therefore is suitable for intermodal transport development.

In addi on, Andhra Pradesh has 13 sea ports, along its coast line, and has the second-highest cargo-handling port in India. Visakhapatnam port (Fig.3.8) handled 67 million tonnes of freight in 2011-12.

Machilipatnam Port is a re-established port located at a distance of 72 km to the east of Vijayawada2. It is intended for freight transport to Vijayawada and Hyderabad. It is currently linked to Vijayawada by rail. An extension may also be implemented to connect the Capital Region of Andhra Pradesh to this port.

2 Department of Ports, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 2011

K I

Lack of strategies to u lize the under-developed canals and rivers

Need to strengthen link between road, rail and water transport

O

The establishment of the Na onal Waterways provides an opportunity for the Capital Region to develop a water-road/rail freight hubs.

There is poten al for the freight traffi c to be transported via canal to the Capital City, and then transferred to Machilipatnam for export, and vice-versa.

The use of transport/logis cs hubs to maximize mode transfer from water to rail or road can be done where these intersect.

Koneru center, the business center of Machilipatnam

3.1.6 PUBLIC TRANSPORT

E C

Public transport is the pre-dominant mode of motorized local travel in ci es in Andhra Pradesh. This comes in the form of bus, auto and cycle rickshaws. These modes play a signifi cant role in exis ng road conges on.

The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corpora on (APSRTC) runs thousands of buses connec ng diff erent parts of the state. APSRTC operates in all ci es and towns of Andhra Pradesh and also operates from and to the neighbouring states, such as to Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore.APSRTC serves about 14 million passengers every day.

In addi on, the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS), which has been successfully launched in Indian ci es like Delhi, Pune, Ahmedabad, and interna onally in Curi ba, Bogota, and Mexico, was launched in Vijayawada in 2008. Six BRTS corridors were proposed. Phase 1, as shown in Fig.3.9 is near comple on and has a total length of 15.5 km.

The BRTS was planned before the considera on of the new Capital City, and therefore there is opportunity to expand and/or incorporate the BRTS to the new Capital City, as well as to satellite ci es in the Capital Region.

There is currently no integrated public transporta on plan for the Andhra Pradesh Region.

K I

Conges on due to exis ng public transport systems may hinder eff orts to successfully implement a BRTS system

Need to introduce other modes of public transporta on such as mass transit and light rail

Need for an integrated public transporta on plan for the region to link Capital City and Regional Centers

O

Obsolete public transport systems such as cycle rickshaws need to be phased out. By doing so, exis ng conges on may be reduced, thereby easing the implementa on of BRTS.

Mass transit systems will be required in the long run to meet the projected public transport demand.

A comprehensive Public Transporta on Plan needs to be prepared to guide the planning and development of public transport both at the regional and city level.

Transport hubs integra ng these modes (BRTS, mass transit) with the other modes such as rail and roads can be established around the Capital City to ease modal transfer.

Fig.3.9 BRTS in Vijayawada Phase 1 (The Municipal Corpora on of Vijayawada, 2014)

Fig.3.10Modal Share in Ci es of Diff erent Sizes in India (Interna onal Transport Forum, 2011)

3.1.7 NON MOTORIZED TRANSPORT

E C

Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) modal share in the ci es in India is the highest among all transport modes. Fig 3.14 shows that walking is the predominant mode for ci es with popula on less than 2 million; however public transport share is higher for ci es with popula on larger than 2 million.

Dedicated non-motorized transport facili es are not prevalent in the exis ng road infrastructure. Footpaths and pedestrian crossings are provided only in some of the urban areas.

A Wilbur Smith study for the Ministry of Urban Development has found that in most of the ci es in India, less than 30% of the roads have pedestrian footpaths. As a result, many pedestrians currently walk along the road, while cyclists share the same road space as motorized vehicles.

The current engineering guidelines for pedestrian facili es do not meet the needs of pedestrians. Pedestrian and cycling network plans have not been produced for any city in Andhra Pradesh.

In a recent joint study of University of Michigan and Indian Ins tute of Technology, Delhi, shows that in India, road traffi c fatali es have been increasing at about 8% annually for the last ten years. In Andhra Pradesh, pedestrians and cyclists accidents were the highest in 2006 and 2007. 1

There is need to develop road design guidelines that cater not only for vehicular traffi c, but for NMT traffi c too.

There is also low awareness of pedestrian safety in Andhra Pradesh. There is need to promote pedestrian and cyclist safety, while providing road infrastructure with be er safety features.

1 Transporta on Research Board , 2010

K I

Traffi c-related deaths are high Pedestrian and cycling links are not

readily available city-wide No integra on plans with other

transport networks Need for campaigns and promo on

of NMT Need to provide NMT safety features

in new road design

O

In the new Capital City plan, greenfi eld condi ons allow the design of NMT-friendly cross-sec ons which can be reproduced in the Capital Region.

A pedestrian and cycling network plan is to be produced at City-level to safeguard road reserves where necessary.

In addi on, integra on with other modes of transport (i.e. rail

Documents

01-Draft Capital Region Plan (Perspective Plan).pdf