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8/10/2019 01 01 CN65001EN80GLA0 Product Overview Theory
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CN6500EN80GLA00 Company Confidential 1
Product Overview NSN
Company Confidential
1 Nokia Siemens Networks
Product Overview One-NDS Directory
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CN6500EN80GLA00 Product Overview / 22 April 20092 Nokia Siemens Networks
Contents
Functionality
Standards Data access protocols
Directory Server concepts
Architecture
Customer references
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One-NDS Directory Functionality - Platform
One-NDS Directory Provides the back end data store
One-NDS Directory Provides the platform for the application
(e.g. One-HLR, One-MNP, One-EIR)
As well as being a data store One-NDS Directory is also the platform for hosting applications,
providing functionality (e.g. Logging and alarm reporting)
One-NDS Directory platform is used by other SDM applications
One-HLR Home Location Register
One-MNP Mobile Number Portability
One-EIR Equipment Identity Register
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One-NDS Directory Data Store
DirecTree
The name of the in-memory database
Holds all the information associated with data entries Based on the ISO/IEC & ITU-T X.500 directory specifications
One-NDS Directory includes mechanisms for managing theDirectTree
Access control (data access restrictions and permissions)
Memory management
Backup & restore of data Schema management (data structure & rules)
Alarm management & logging
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X500: A Standards Based Architecture
X.500 is a hierarchical directory structure for organising information
ISO/IEC and ITU defined standards
X500 Directories
Can be geographically dispersed: Providing redundancy over several sites.
Locating data relevant to a geographic area.
Can cater for potentially billions of entries of information
Can be physically distributed: Multiple physical servers & sites
Appears as a single logical directory server
The One-NDS Directory X.500 implementation
Provides scalability, resilience and required performance levels
Is an ideal choice for the telecommunications industry
One-NDS Directory have been developed using the ISO/IEC (International Organisation for
Standardization/International Electro technical Commission) and ITU (International
Telecommunication Union) standards for X.500.
One-NDS Directory has been designed for telecoms applications where typically a database
needs fast access to potentially millions of subscriber entries.
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Data Access Protocols
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
Simplified string-based version of the X500 protocol DAP
Openly available for users to access the directory
Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
Used to invoke actions in external applications when a particular value orset of values is altered in the database.
One-NDS Directory systems use open standard protocols
Network operators have access to their own data
One-NDS Directory does not use proprietary interfaces
LDAP is not specified in the X.500 standards, but is a version of the DAP (Directory Access
Protocol) which is specified by X.500:
DAP is used internally within One-NDS Directory
LDAP is used by applications as to access One-NDS Directory
LDAP is automatically converted to DAP for use within One-NDS Directory
Methods are used to perform a complex sequence of database operations using one
LDAP request, thus simplifying the user interface (i.e. adding subscribers).
Soap notifications can be triggered enabling external applications to be notified of updates to
specific data stored within One-NDS Directory.
Using open non proprietary access protocols allows customers the ability to enable access to
One-NDS Directory using their own existing applications.
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In Summary
One-NDS Directory is a data store
One-NDS Directory is a platform for applications Based on X500 standards for directory servers
Open access using standard LDAP
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Root DSA
Directory Concepts
Directory Information Base (DIB)
Set of all data stored in One-NDS Directory
Directory Information Tree (DIT)
Structure of the data
Directory System Agent (DSA)
A cluster of nodes containing a subset of the DIB
Together the DSAs implement the overall directory
Subscriber Data DSA 2Subscriber Data DSA 1
ID type
Subscriber 2
Service 1
Entry Entry
Subscriber 1
Service 1 Service 2
EntryEntry Entry
Root
Directory have a hierarchical structure. Data is stored using parent & child relationships i.e.
one entry is the parent for another entry or entries. Whenever a new entry is created it is
necessary to specify which entry should be the parent of that new entry.
Each DSA stores a subset of the DIB.
The number of nodes within each DSA will differ dependent on transaction requirements.
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DSA
DSA Architecture
PrimaryNominated secondary
(Primary standby)
Secondary
Directory System Agent (DSA)
A DSA is a cluster of synchronisedphysical nodes/servers
Each node in a cluster holds an identicalcopy of the data contained within the DSA
Any node within the cluster may receiveread and update requests from externaldirectory users
The Primary node ensures all updates areapplied to all nodes to maintain dataconsistency
RedundancyWithin a DSA: loss of a node does not mean loss of service
Redundancy within a DSA, loss of a node does not mean loss of service as all data is
replicated on each node.
Any node within a DSA can respond to a database query or update
To maintain data consistency, updates are always passed to the Primary node within a DSA,
the primary node performs the update and replicates changes to all other nodes,
In a normal functioning DSA:
One node will be designated as the Primary
All other nodes will be designated as Secondary's
One Secondary node will be designated as Primary Standby
The number of nodes within each DSA will differ dependent on transaction requirements.
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Distributed Directory Architecture
RedundancyWithin a DSA: loss of a node does not mean loss of service
Routing DSA
Root DSA
Routing DSA
BE DSA 2BE DSA 1
Application Front Ends (HLR, HSS etc)
Back Ends hold the subscriber data.
Routing DSAs an internal identity routing
function: identifies the subscriber then
passes request to correct Back End where
subscriber data is held.
Front Ends provide the network interfaces
and execute the application logic.
Root DSA provides a single point of
contact for other systems (e.g. provisioning
system) and greatly simplifies the task of
extending the directory.
Different DSAs may have different roles within the system
Routing DSAs, allow for greater distribution of data among multiple BE DSAs
The routing of queries is done using an identity (e.g. subscriber IMSI or MSISDN
The greater the number of entries (e.g. subscribers) the greater the number of identities that
need to be stored therefore the greater the number of BE DSAs required.
Multiple BE DSAs necessitate the requirement for Routing DSAs
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Site Architecture
Site 1 Site 3
Site 2
Front End Nodes
Routing Nodes
Back End Nodes
Root Nodes
RedundancyAcross geographic sites: loss of a site does not mean loss of service
Locating nodes from each DSA on different geographic sites provides system redundancy
should a site be lost.
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Add more Back End DSAs for increased data capacity
Add more Routing DSAs for increased ID capacity
Add more Front End nodes for transaction capacity
Distributed
Architecture
Transparent Scalability
Front End DSA
Routing DSA
Back End DSA
Increased Data
Capacity
Front End DSA
Routing DSA
Back End DSA Back End DSA
Front End DSA
Routing DSA
Back End DSA
Routing DSA
Back End DSA
Increased ID
Capacity
Back End DSA
Increased
Transaction
Capacity
Front End DSA
Routing DSA Routing DSA
Back End DSABack End DSA
Back End DSA
When adding routing DSAs there is also a requirement to migrate data (IMSI & MSISDN
entries) from original routing DSA to the new routing DSA.
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In Summary
Directory Server concepts
Directory Information Base (DIB)
Directory Information Tree (DIT)
Directory System Agent (DSA)
Architecture
DSA architecture
Data distribution
Scalability
Redundancy
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A unified subscriber profile repository
Scalability
Real-time performance andcontinuous availability
Flexibility and adaptability
250 million subscribers0.5 TB subscriber data
180,000 tps (20% updates)
1.97 ms average response time
Sun X4100 (AMD Opteron), 32 GB RAMUp to 14 Front-End serversSun X4600 (AMD Opteron), 64 GB RAM
Up to 26 Back-End servers
Up to 10 Identity/root domains
Site 1: domains
and subscriber
data DSAs
Injectors and
routing DSAs
Site 2:
domains and
subscriber
data DSAs
Scalability and performanceNorth American Carrier, Proof of Concept December 2006
Performance achieved Hardware configuration
Requirements