002-WCDMA Radio Interface Physical Layer ISSUE 1

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    Internal

    WCDMA Radio Interface

    Physical Layer

    ISSUE 1.0

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    The physical layer offers data transport services

    to higher layers.

    The access to these services is through the use

    of transport channels via the MAC sub-layer.

    The physical layer is expected to perform the

    following functions in order to provide the data

    transport service, for example Modulation and

    spreading/demodulation and despreading, Inner -

    loop power control etc.

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    References

    TS 25.104 UTRA (BS) FDD Radio Transmission and

    Reception

    TS 25.201 Physical layer-general description

    TS 25.211 Physical channels and mapping of

    transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)

    TS 25.212 Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)

    TS 25.213 Spreading and modulation (FDD)

    TS 25.214 Physical layer procedures (FDD)

    TS 25.308 UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access

    (HSDPA); Overall description; Stage 2

    TR 25.877 High Speed Downlink Packet Acces (HSDPA) -Iub/Iur Protocol Aspects

    TR 25.858 Physical layer aspects of UTRA High Speed

    Downlink Packet Access

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    Upon completion of this course, you will be

    able to:

    Understand radio interface protocol

    Architecture

    Understand key technology of UMTS

    physical layer

    Understand UMTS physical layerprocedures

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    Chapter 1 Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

    Chapter 2 Physical layer key technologyChapter 2 Physical layer key technology

    Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure

    Chapter 4 Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures

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    UTRAN Protocol Structure

    RNS

    RNC

    RNS

    RNC

    Core Network

    Node B Node B Node B Node B

    Iu Iu

    Iur

    Iub IubIub Iub

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    Radio Interface Protocol Structure

    L3

    control

    control

    control

    control

    LogicalChannels

    TransportChannels

    C-plane signaling U-plane information

    PHY

    L2/MAC

    L1

    RLC

    DCNtGC

    L2/RLC

    MAC

    RLCRLC

    RLCRLC

    RLCRLC

    RLC

    Duplication avoidance

    UuS boundary

    BMC L2/BMC

    control

    PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP

    DCNtGC

    RadioBearers

    RRC

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    Spreading Technology

    Spreading consists of 2 steps

    Channelization operationwhich transforms data symbols into chips.Thus increasing the bandwidth of the signal, The number of chips per data

    symbol is called the Spreading FactorSF.The operation is done bymultiplying with OVSF code.

    Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal .

    Data bit

    OVSFcode

    Scrambling

    code

    Chips after

    spreading

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    Channelization Code

    OVSF code is used as channelization code

    The channelization codes are uniquely described as Cch,SF,k, where SF is the

    spreading factor of the code and k is the code number, 0 k SF-1.

    SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4

    Cch,1,0 = (1)

    Cch,2,0 = (1,1)

    Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)

    Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)

    Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)

    Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)

    Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)

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    Scrambling Code

    Scrambling codeGOLD sequence.

    Scrambling code period : 10ms ,or 38400 chips.

    The code used for scrambling of the uplink

    DPCCH/DPDCH may be of either long or short type,

    There are 224 long and 224 short uplink scrambling

    codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by

    higher layers.

    For downlink physical channels, a total of 218-1 =

    262,143 scrambling codes can be generated.

    scrambling codes k = 0, 1, , 8191 are used.

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    Scrambling

    codes for

    downlink

    physical

    channels

    Set 0

    Set 1

    Set 511

    Primaryscrambling code 0

    Secondaryscrambling code 1

    Secondaryscrambling code 15

    Primaryscrambling code51116

    Secondaryscrambling code

    5111615

    8192 scramblingcodes

    512 sets

    Primary Scrambling Code

    A primary scrambling code and 15 secondary scrambling codes are

    included in a set.

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    Primary Scrambling Code Group

    Primaryscramblingcodes fordownlinkphysicalchannels

    Group 0

    Primaryscrambling code 0

    Primaryscrambling code8*63

    Primaryscrambling code

    63*87

    512 primaryscrambling codes

    Group 1

    Group 63

    Primaryscrambling code 1

    Primary scramblingcode 15

    64 primary scramblingcode groups

    Each group consists of 8primary scrambling codes

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    Chapter 1 Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

    Chapter 2 Physical layer key technologyChapter 2 Physical layer key technology

    Charter 3 Physical layer processing procedureCharter 3 Physical layer processing procedure

    Chapter 4 Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures

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    Chapter 2 Physical layer key technologyChapter 2 Physical layer key technology

    Section 1 Physical ChannelSection 1 Physical Channel Structure and FunctionsStructure and Functions

    Section 2 Channel MappingSection 2 Channel Mapping

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    WCDMA radio interface has three kinds of channels

    In terms of protocol layer, the WCDMA radio interface has three

    channels: Physical channel, transport channel and logical channel.

    Logical channel: Carrying user services directly. According to the types

    of the carried services, it is divided into two types: Control channel and

    service channel.

    Transport channel: It is the interface of radio interface layer 2 and

    physical layer, and is the service provided for MAC layer by thephysical layer. According to whether the information transported is

    dedicated information for a user or common information for all users, it

    is divided into dedicated channel and common channel.

    Physical channel: It is the ultimate embodiment of all kinds of

    information when they are transmitted on radio interfaces. Each kind ofchannel which uses dedicated carrier frequency, code (spreading code

    and scramble) and carrier phase (I or Q) can be regarded as a

    dedicated channel.

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    Control channel

    Traffic channel

    Dedicated traffic channel DTCH

    Common traffic channel CTCH

    Broadcast control channel BCCH

    Paging control channel PCCH

    Dedicate control channel DCCH

    Common control channel (CCCH

    logical channel

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    Dedicated Channel (DCH)

    -The Dedicated Channel (DCH) is an

    uplink or downlink channel.

    Broadcast channel (BCH)

    Forward access channel (FACH)

    Paging channel (PCH)

    Random access channel (RACH)

    High-speed downlink shared channel

    (HS-DSCH)

    Common transportchannel

    Dedicated transportchannel

    Transport channel

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    Physical Channel

    A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency,

    code (scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.

    In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or

    spreading code) can distinguish the channels.

    Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and

    each radio frame consists of 15 time slots.

    Two types of physical channel:UL and DL

    Physical Channel

    Frequency,code,phase

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    Downlink Physical Channel

    Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel

    (Downlink DPCH)

    Downlink Common Physical Channel

    Common Control Physical Channel(CCPCH)

    Synchronization Channel (SCH)

    Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

    Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

    Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

    High-Speed Packet Downlink SharedChannel (HS-PDSCH)

    High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)

    DownlinkPhysical Channel

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    Uplink Physical Channel

    Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel

    Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel

    (Uplink DPDCH)

    Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel

    (Uplink DPCCH)

    High-Speed Dedicated Physical Channel (HS-

    DPCCH)

    Uplink Common Physical Channel

    Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

    Uplink Physical

    Channel

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    Function of physical channel

    Node B UE

    P-CCPCH-Primary common control physical channel

    SCH- Synchronisation Channel

    P-CCPCH-Primary common control physical channel

    SCH- Synchronisation Channel

    P-CPICH-Primary common pilot channel

    S-CPICH-secondary common pilot channel

    P-CPICH-Primary common pilot channel

    S-CPICH-secondary common pilot channel

    Cell broadcast channels

    DPDCH-dedicated physical data channelDPDCH-dedicated physical data channel

    DPCCH-dedicated physical control channelDPCCH-dedicated physical control channel

    Dedicated channels

    Paging channels

    PICH-paging Indicator ChannelPICH-paging Indicator Channel

    S-CCPCH-Secondary common control physical channelS-CCPCH-Secondary common control physical channel

    PRACH-Physical random access channelPRACH-Physical random access channel

    AICH-Acquisition Indicator ChannelAICH-Acquisition Indicator Channel

    Random access channels

    HS-DPCCH-High speed dedicated physical control channelHS-DPCCH-High speed dedicated physical control channel

    HS-SCCH-High speed share control channelHS-SCCH-High speed share control channel

    HS-PDSCH-High speed physical downlink share channelHS-PDSCH-High speed physical downlink share channel

    High speed downlink share channels

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    Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH) Used for cell search

    Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH.

    SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chips

    of every time slot. PSC is transmitted repeatedly in each

    time slot.

    SSC specifies the scrambling codegroups of the cell.

    SSC is chosen from a set of 16

    different codes of length 256, thereare altogether 64 primary scramblingcode groups.

    PrimarySCH

    SecondarySCH

    Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14

    acsi,0

    pac pac pac

    acsi,1 acs

    i,14

    256 chips

    2560 chips

    One 10 ms SCH radio frame

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    slot numberScramblingCode Group #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14

    Group 0 1 1 2 8 9 10 15 8 10 16 2 7 15 7 16

    Group 1 1 1 5 16 7 3 14 16 3 10 5 12 14 12 10Group 2 1 2 1 15 5 5 12 16 6 11 2 16 11 15 12

    Group 3 1 2 3 1 8 6 5 2 5 8 4 4 6 3 7

    Group 4 1 2 16 6 6 11 15 5 12 1 15 12 16 11 2

    Group 61 9 10 13 10 11 15 15 9 16 12 14 13 16 14 11

    Group 62 9 11 12 15 12 9 13 13 11 14 10 16 15 14 16

    Group 63 9 12 10 15 13 14 9 14 15 11 11 13 12 16 10

    Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH)

    ..

    2560 chips

    acp

    Slot # ?

    P-SCH acp

    Slot #?

    16 6S-SCH

    acp

    Slot #?

    11Group 2Slot 7, 8, 9

    256 chips

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    Common Pilot Channel(CPICH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

    Carries pre-defined sequence.

    Fixed rate 30Kbps SF=256

    Primary CPICH

    Uses the fixed channel code--Cch, 256,0

    Scrambled by the primary scrambling code

    Only one CPICH per cell

    Broadcast over the entire cell

    The P-CPICH is a phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH,PICH. By default, it is also a phase reference for downlink DPCH.

    Pre-defined symbol sequence

    Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot # i Slot #14

    Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits

    1 radio frame: Tr = 10 ms

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    Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH) Fixed rate , fixed OVSF code30kbpsCch,256,1

    Carry BCH transport channel

    The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time slot.

    Only data part STTD transmit diversity may be used

    PCCPCH Data

    18 bits

    Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

    1 radio frame: Tf

    = 10 ms

    256 chips

    Tslot

    = 2560 chips,20 bits

    SCH

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    Paging Indicator Channel (PICH) PICH is a fixed-rate(SF=256) physical channel used to carry the Paging Indicators (PI).

    PICH is always associated with an S-CCPCH to which a PCH transport channel is mapped.

    Frame structure of PICHone frame of length 10ms consists of 300 bits of which 288 bits are used to

    carry paging indicators and the remaining 12 bits are not defined.

    N paging indicators {PI0, , PIN-1} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72, or 144.

    If a paging indicator in a certain frame is set to 1, it indicates that UEs associated with this paging

    indicator should read the corresponding frame of the associated S-CCPCH.

    One radio frame (10 ms)

    b1b0

    288 bits for paging indication 12 bits (undefined)

    b287 b288 b299

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    Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH) Carry FACH and PCH.

    Two kinds of SCCPCH: with or without

    TFCI. UTRAN decides if a TFCI should

    be transmitted, UE must support TFCI.

    Possible rates are the same as that of

    downlink DPCH

    SF =256 - 4.

    FACH and PCH can be mapped to the

    same or separate SCCPCHs. If

    mapped to the same S-CCPCH, they

    can be mapped to the same fame.

    DataN bits

    Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

    1 radio frame: T f = 10 ms

    T slot = 2560 chips,

    Data

    PilotN bitsPilotN bits

    TFCITFCI

    20*2 k bits (k=0..6)

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    Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

    The random-access transmission data consistsof two parts:

    One or several preambleseach preamble

    is of length 4096chips and consists of 256

    repetitions of a signature whose length is

    16 chips16 available signatures totally

    10 or 20ms message part

    Which signature is available and the length

    of message part are determined by higher

    layer

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    PRACH Transmission Structure

    Message partPreamble

    4096 chips10 ms (one radio frame)

    Preamble Preamble

    Message partPreamble

    4096 chips 20 ms (two radio frames)

    Preamble Preamble

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    PRACH Access Timeslot Structure

    #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14

    5120 chips

    radio frame: 10 ms radio frame: 10 ms

    Access slot #0 Random Access Transmission

    Access slot #1

    Access slot #7

    Access slot #14

    Random Access Transmission

    Random Access Transmission

    Random Access Transmission

    Access slot #8

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    PRACH Message Structure

    Pilot

    N bits

    Slot # 0 Slot # 1 Slot # i Slot # 14

    Message part radio frame TRACH = 10 ms

    Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2

    Pilot

    TFCI

    N bitsTFCI

    Data

    N

    data

    bitsData

    Control

    kbits (k=0..3)

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    Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

    Frame structure of AICHtwo frames, 20 msconsists of a repeated

    sequence of 15 consecutive AS, each of length 20 symbols(5120 chips).

    Each time slot consists of two partsan Acquisition-Indicator(AI) and a

    part of duration 1024chips with no transmission.

    Acquisition-Indicator AI have 16 kinds of Signature.

    CPICH is the phase reference of AICH.

    AS #14 AS #0 AS #1 AS #i AS #14 AS #0

    a1 a2a0 a31 a32a30 a33 a38 a39

    AI part Unused part

    20 ms

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    Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH&DPCCH)

    DPDCH and DPCCH are I/Q code multiplexed within each radio

    frame

    DPDCH carries data generated at Layer 2 and higher layer

    DPCCH carries control information generated at Layer 1

    Each frame is 10ms and consists of 15 time slots, each time

    slot consists of 2560 chips

    The spreading factor of DPDCH is from 4 to 256

    The spreading factor of DPDCH and DPCCH can be different in

    the same Layer 1 connection

    Each DPCCH time slot consists of Pilot, TFCIFBITPC

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    Frame Structure of Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH

    PilotNpilot bits

    TPCNTPC bits

    DataNdatabits

    Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

    Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..6)

    1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms

    DPDCH

    DPCCHFBI

    NFBI bitsTFCI

    NTFCI bits

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    Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPDCH+DPCCH)

    DCH consists of dedicated data and control information.

    Control information includesPilotTPCTFCI(optional). The spreading factor of DCH can be from 512 to 4,and can be

    changed during connection

    DPDCH and DPCCH is time multiplexed.

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    Frame Structure of Downlink DPCH

    One radio frame, Tf = 10 ms

    Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #i Slot #14

    Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2kbits (k=0..7)

    Data2

    Ndata2 bits

    DPDCH

    TFCI

    NTFCI bits

    Pilot

    Npilot bitsData1

    Ndata1 bits

    DPDCH DPCCH DPCCH

    TPC

    NTPC bits

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    High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)

    Bear service data and layer2 overhead bits mapped from the transport

    channel

    SF=16, can be configured several channels to increase data service

    Slot #0 Slot#1 Slot #2

    T slot= 2560 ch ips , M *10*2 k

    bi ts (k=4 )

    D a ta N data1bits

    1 subfram e: T f= 2 m s

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    High-Speed Shared Control Channel (HS-SCCH)

    Carries physical layer signalling to a single UE ,such as

    modulation scheme (1 bit) ,channelization code set (7 bit),

    transport Block size (6bit),HARQ process number (3bit),

    redundancy version (3bit), new data indicator (1bit), Ue identity(16bit)

    HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical

    channel used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH

    transmission

    S lo t # 0 S l o t # 1 S lo t # 2

    T s l o t = 2 5 6 0 c h i p s , 4 0 b i t s

    D a t a

    N d a t a 1 b i t s

    1 s u b f r a m e : T f= 2 m s

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    High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH )

    HS-DPCCH carries information to acknowledge downlink transport

    blocks and feedback information to the system for scheduling and link

    adaptation of transport block

    CQI and ACK/NACK

    Physical Channel ,Uplink, SF=256,power control

    S u b f ra m e # 0 S u b f ra m e # i S u b f ra m e # 4

    H A R Q - A C K C Q I

    O n e r a d i o f r a m e T f = 1 0 m s

    O n e H S - D P C C H s u b f r a m e ( 2 m s )

    2 T s l o t = 5 1 2 0 c h i p sT s l o t = 2 5 6 0 c h i p s

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    Chapter 2 Physical layer key technologyChapter 2 Physical layer key technology

    Section 1 Physical Channel Structure and FunctionsSection 1 Physical Channel Structure and Functions

    Section 2 Channel MappingSection 2 Channel Mapping

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    Mapping Between ChannelsLogical channels Transport channels Physical channels

    BCCH BCH P-CCPCH

    FACH S-CCPCH

    PCCH PCH S-CCPCH

    CCCH RACH PRACH

    FACH S-CCPCH

    CTCH FACH S-CCPCH

    DCCH, DTCH DCH DPDCH

    HS-DSCH HS-PDSCH

    RACH, FACH PRACH, S-CCPCH

    Setting Common Channel Powers

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    RBS

    FACH (control): default =18 (1.8 dB)

    Paging channel: default =-0.4 dB

    Paging indication ch: default =-7 (-7 dB)

    Primary SCH: default =-18 (-1.8 dB)

    Secondary SCH: default =-35 (-3.5 dB)

    FACH (traffic): default =15 (1.5 dB)

    PCPICH: default = 300(30 dBm)

    Broadcast Channel: default = -31 (-3.1 dB)

    AICH: default = -6 (-6 dB)

    HS-SCCH: default =2 (2 dB)

    Setting Common Channel Powers

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    Chapter 1 Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

    Chapter 2 Physical layer key technologyChapter 2 Physical layer key technology

    Charter 3 Physical layer processing procedureCharter 3 Physical layer processing procedure

    Chapter 4 Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures

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    Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure

    Section 1 Coding and multiplexing technologySection 1 Coding and multiplexing technology

    Section 2 Spreading technologySection 2 Spreading technology

    Section 3 Modulation technologySection 3 Modulation technology

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    CRC of TB

    Error detection is provided on transport blocks through a Cyclic

    Redundancy Check (CRC)

    CRC size is informed by higher layer signal

    08121624(optional)

    If no TB are input, no CRC bits should be attached. If TB are

    input with TB SIZE=0,CRC bits shall be also added ,but all

    CRC are zero

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    TB Concatenation and Code Block Segmentation

    All transport blocks in a TTI are serially concatenated .

    The maximum size of the code blocks depends on whetherconvolutional coding or turbo coding is used for the TrCH .

    Convolutional code: if TBS SIZE>504,segmented to multiple code

    block of the same size.

    Turbo code:if TBS SIZE>5114, segmented to multiple code block

    of the same size.

    No coding:no segmentation

    If codes cannot be segmented evenly, fill in 0 bits at the

    beginning of the first code block.

    If the code block length of Turbo code

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    Channel coding

    The following channel coding schemes can be applied to TrCHs:

    Convolutional coding, coding rates 1/3 and 1/2 are defined

    Turbo coding, The coding rate of Turbo coder is 1/3

    No coding

    Usage of coding

    BCHPCH and RACH1/2 Convolutional coding

    DCH and FACH1/2or1/3 Convolutional coding ,1/3Turbo

    coding, no coding

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    Rate Matching

    Rate matching means that bits on a transport channel are

    repeated or punctured.

    The number of bits on a transport channel can vary between

    different transmission time intervals(TTI). In the downlink the

    transmission is interrupted if the number of bits is lower than

    maximum. When the number of bits between different

    transmission time intervals in uplink is changed, bits are

    repeated or punctured to ensure that the total bit rate after

    TrCH multiplexing is identical to the total channel bit rate of the

    allocated dedicated physical channels.

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    Interleaving

    Functionreduce the influence of fast fading.

    Two kinds of interleaving1st interleaving and 2nd

    interleaving

    The length of 1st interleaving is TTI of TrCH, 1stinterleaving is a inter-frame interleaving

    The length of 2nd interleaving is a physical frame , 2nd

    interleaving is a intra-frame interleaving.

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    Radio Frame Segmentation

    When the transmission time interval (TTI) is longer than 10 ms,

    the input bit sequence is segmented and mapped ontoconsecutive Fi radio frames.

    Following radio frame size equalisation in the UL the input bit

    sequence length is guaranteed to be an integer multiple of Fi.

    Following rate matching in the DL the input bit sequence length

    is guaranteed to be an integer multiple of Fi.

    Fi:Number of radio frames in the transmission time interval of

    TrCH i.

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    Multiplexing of TrCH Every 10 ms, one radio frame from each TrCH is delivered to

    the TrCH multiplexing. These radio frames are serially

    multiplexed into a coded composite transport channel

    (CCTrCH)

    The format of CCTrCH is indicated by TFCI

    TrCH can have different TTI before multiplexing

    2 types of CCTrCH:Common and dedicated

    Common CCTrCH should be multiplexed by common TrCH;

    Dedicated CCTrCH should be multiplexed by dedicated

    TrCH

    There is only one CCTrCH in uplink and one or several

    CCTrCH in downlink for one user

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    Insertion of discontinuous transmission (DTX)indication bits

    In the downlink, DTX is used to fill up the radio frame with bits.

    DTX indication bits only indicate when the transmission should

    be turned off, they are not transmitted.

    1st insertion of DTX indication bits

    This step of inserting DTX indication bits is used only if thepositions of the TrCHs in the radio frame are fixed

    2nd insertion of DTX indication bits

    The DTX indication bits inserted in this step shall be placed

    at the end of the radio frame.

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    Physical Channel Segmentation and Mapping

    When multiple physical channels are used, one CCTrCH radio frame

    can be divided into multiple physical frames multicode transmission

    Each physical channel of multicode transmission must have the same

    SF

    DPCCH and DPDCH of uplink physical channel is code multiplexed.

    DPCCH and DPDCH of downlink physical channel is time multiplexed

    Uplink physical channel must be fully filled except when cpmpressed

    mode is used

    In downlink, the PhCHs do not need to be completely filled with bits

    that are transmitted over the air. Values correspond to DTX indicators,

    which are mapped to the DPCCH/DPDCH fields but are not

    transmitted over the air.

    Transport channel multiplexing structure for downlinkTransport channel multiplexing structure for downlink

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    10 20 40 or 80ms

    data

    data

    data

    TrCH-i

    dataCRC dataCRC dataCRC

    dataCRCdataCRC dataCRCd a t aCBL CBL CBL

    0 8 16 or 24bits

    Size Z

    512 Ktail Conventional code

    5120 Ktail Turbo code

    CedBL CedBL CedBLCoded data Channel CodingRate matched data

    Rate matched data DTXor

    or

    Data before 1st interleavingData after 1st interleaved

    Radio frame Radio frame Radio frame

    Number of Rado frame 1 2 4 or 8

    TrCH-1 TrCH-2 TrCH-ICCTrCHTrCH-1 TrCH-2 TrCH-I DTXCCTrCH

    Ph-1 Ph-2 Ph-P

    10ms

    10msPh-1 Ph-2 Ph-P

    TPC TFCI pilot

    Spreading

    ScramblingSpreading

    Scrambling

    Spreading

    Scrambling

    TrCH-i+1

    data1 data2 TPC TFCI pilotdata1 data2 TPC TFCI pilotdata1 data2

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    Example of Coding and Multiplexing

    The number of TrChs 3

    Transport block size 81, 103, and 60 bitsCRC 12 bits (attached only to TrCh#1)

    Coding CC, coding rate = 1/3 for TrCh#1, 2 coding rate =1/2 for TrCh#3

    TTI 20 ms

    Transport block size 148 bits

    Transport block set size 148 bits

    CRC 16 bits

    Coding CC, coding rate = 1/3

    TTI 40 ms

    Parameters for

    12.2kb/s AMR speech

    Parameters for

    3.4kb/s control channel

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    Example of Coding and Multiplexing

    TrCh#1Transport blockC R C a tt ac h m e n t

    C R C

    Tail bi t a ttachmen t

    Convolu t iona lcoding R= 1/3 , 1 /2

    Rate m atch ing

    8 1

    81

    3 03

    Tail

    89 3

    3 0 3 + N RM 11 st inter leaving

    1 2

    Radio f ramesegmentat ion

    # 1 a

    To TrCh M ult iplexing

    3 0 3 + N RM 1

    N RF 1 = (303 +N RM 1)/ 2

    N RF 2 = (333+ N RM 2)/ 2

    N RF 3 = (136+ N RM 3)/ 2

    # 1 b

    TrCh#2

    1 03

    10 3

    33 3

    Tail

    81 03

    3 3 3 + N RM 2

    # 2 a

    TrCh#3

    6 0

    60

    13 6

    Tail

    860

    1 3 6 + N RM 3

    # 3 a 136 +N R M 3

    # 3 b 3 3 3 + N RM 2

    # 2 b N RF 1 N R F1 N RF 2 N RF 2 N R F3 N RF 3

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    Example of Coding and Multiplexing(3.4kbps) T r a n s p o r t b l o c k

    C R C a t t a c h m e n t

    C R C

    C o n v o l u t i o n a lc o d i n g R = 1 / 3

    R a t e m a t c h i n g

    1 4 8

    1 4 8

    5 1 6 * B

    T a i l

    8 * B

    ( 5 1 6 + N R M ) * B

    1s t

    i n t e r l e a v i n g

    1 6 b i t s

    R a d i o f r a m es e g m e n t a t i o n

    # 1

    [ ( 1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /4

    T o T r C h M u l t i p l e x i n g

    ( 5 1 6 + N R M ) * B + N D I

    # 2 # 4

    T a i l b i t a t t a c h m e n t

    1 6 4 * B

    # 3

    T r B k c o n c a t in a t io n B T r B k s ( B = 0 , 1 )

    1 6 4 * B

    ( 5 1 6 + N R M ) * B + N D I

    I n s e r t io n o f D T Xi n d i c a t i o n *

    [ ( 1 2 9 + N R M ) * B + N D I ] /4 [ ( 1 2 9 + NR M ) * B + N D I ] /4 [ ( 1 2 9 + N

    R M ) * B + N D I ] /4

    * I n s e r t i o n o f D T X i n d i c a t io n i s u s e d o n l y i f t h e p o s i t i o n o f t h e T r C H s i n t h e r a d i o f r a m e i s f i x e d .

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    Example of Coding and Multiplexing

    12.2 kbps data 3.4 kbps data

    TrCHmultiplexing

    30 ksps DPC

    2nd interleaving

    Physical channelmapping

    #1#1a #1c

    1 2 15

    CFN=4Nslot

    Pilot symbol TPC

    1 2 15

    CFN=4N+1slot

    1 2 15

    CFN=4N+2slot

    1 2 15

    CFN=4N+3slot

    #1b #2#2a #2c#2b #3#1a #1c#1b #4#2a #2c#2b

    #1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1a #2a #1b #2b #1c #2c #1 #2 #3 #4

    510 510 510 510

    12.2 kbps data

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    Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure

    Section 1 Coding and multiplexing technologySection 1 Coding and multiplexing technology

    Section 2 Spreading technologySection 2 Spreading technology

    Section 3 Modulation technologySection 3 Modulation technology

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    Uplink DPCCH/DPDCH Spreading The DPCCH is always spread by code cc = Cch,256,0

    When only 1 DPDCH exists,(Cd,1 = Cch,SF,k ) k=SF/4

    The code used for scrambling of the uplink DPCCH/DPDCH may be of either longor short type

    I

    j

    c d , 1 d

    S l o n g , n o r S s h o r t , n

    I + j Q

    D P D C H 1

    Q

    c d , 3 d

    D P D C H 3

    c d , 5 d

    D P D C H 5

    c d , 2 d

    D P D C H 2

    c d , 4 d

    D P D C H 4

    c d , 6 d

    D P D C H 6

    c c c

    D P C C H

    Up to 6 DPDCH

    for one user

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    Uplink PRACH Spreading

    Message part is shown in the following figurethe value of

    gain factors is the same with DPDCH/DPCCH

    ccc

    cd d

    Sr-msg,n

    I+jQ

    PRACH message

    control part

    PRACH message

    data partI

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    Downlink Spreading

    Downlink physical channel except SCH is first serial-to-parallel

    converted , spread by the spreading code, and then scrambled by a

    complex-valued scrambling code.

    The beginning chip of the scrambling code is aligned with the frame

    boundary of P-CCPCH.

    Each channel have different gain factor

    I

    Data ofphysical

    channel

    except

    SCH

    SP

    Cch,SF,m

    Sdl,n

    Q

    I+jQ S

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    Downlink Spreading

    Different physical

    annel come from point S

    G1

    G2

    GP

    GS

    S-SCH

    P-SCH

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    Chapter 3 Physical Layer Processing ProcedureChapter 3 Physical Layer Processing Procedure

    Section 1 Coding and multiplexing technologySection 1 Coding and multiplexing technology

    Section 2 Spreading technologySection 2 Spreading technology

    Section 3 Modulation technologySection 3 Modulation technology

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    Uplink Modulation The chip rate is 3.84Mbps

    In the uplink, the complex-valued chip sequence generated by thespreading process is QPSK modulated

    S

    Im{S}

    Re{S}

    cos(t)

    Complex-valuedsequenceafterspreading

    -sin(t)

    Split

    real &imagparts

    Pulse

    shaping

    Pulseshaping

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    Downlink Modulation The chip rate is 3.84Mbps

    In the downlink, the complex-valued chip sequence generatedby the spreading process is QPSK modulated

    S

    Im{S}

    Re{S}

    cos(t)

    Complex-valuedsequenceafterspreading

    -sin(t)

    Split

    real &imagparts

    Pulse

    shaping

    Pulseshaping

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    Chapter 1 Physical Layer OverviewChapter 1 Physical Layer Overview

    Chapter 2 Physical layer key technologyChapter 2 Physical layer key technology

    Charter 3 Physical layer processing procedureCharter 3 Physical layer processing procedure

    Chapter 4 Physical Layer ProceduresChapter 4 Physical Layer Procedures

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    Synchronization ProcedureCell Search

    Frame synchronization and

    code-group identification

    Scrambling-codeidentification

    UE uses SSC to find framesynchronization and identify thecode group of the cell found inthe first step

    UE determines the primaryscrambling code through correlationover the CPICH with all codes within

    the identified group, and then detectsthe P-CCPCH and reads BCHinformation

    Slot synchronization

    UE uses PSC to acquire slotsynchronization to a cell

    Synchronization Procedure Channel Timing Relationship

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    AICH accessslots

    SecondarySCH

    PrimarySCH

    S-CCPCH,k

    10 ms

    PICH

    #0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4

    P -CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 0 P -CCPCH, (SFN modulo 2) = 1

    Any CPICH

    k:th S -CCPCH

    PICH for k:th S -CCPCH

    n:th DPCH DPCH,n

    Random access procedure

    START

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    a do access p ocedu eChoose a RACH sub channel from

    available ones

    Get available signatures

    Set Preamble Retrans Max

    Set Preamble _Initial _ Power

    Send a preamble

    Check the corresponding AI

    Increase message part power by p-m based on preamble power

    Set physical status to be RACH

    message transmitted Set physical status to be Nackon AICH received

    Choose a access slot again

    Counter> 0 & Preamble power-maximum allowed power

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    Random Access ProcedureRACH Physical random access procedure

    1. Derive the available uplink access slots, in the next full access

    slot set, for the set of available RACH sub-channels within the

    given ASC. Randomly select one access slot among the ones

    previously determined. If there is no access slot available in the

    selected set, randomly select one uplink access slot corresponding

    to the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC

    from the next access slot set. The random function shall be suchthat each of the allowed selections is chosen with equal

    probability

    2. Randomly select a signature from the set of available signatures

    within the given ASC.

    3. Set the Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_

    Retrans_ Max

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    Random Access ProcedureRACH 4. Set the parameter Commanded Preamble Power to

    Preamble_Initial_Power

    5. Transmit a preamble using the selected uplink access slot,

    signature, and preamble transmission power.

    6. If no positive or negative acquisition indicator (AI +1 nor 1)

    corresponding to the selected signature is detected in the downlink

    access slot corresponding to the selected uplink access slot:

    A: Select the next available access slot in the set of availableRACH sub-channels within the given ASC;

    B: select a signature;

    C: Increase the Commanded Preamble Power;

    D: Decrease the Preamble Retransmission Counter by one. Ifthe Preamble Retransmission Counter > 0 then repeat from

    step 6. Otherwise exit the physical random access procedure.

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    Random Access ProcedureRACH

    7. If a negative acquisition indicator corresponding to theselected signature is detected in the downlink access slot

    corresponding to the selected uplink access slot, exit the

    physical random access procedure Signature

    8. If a positive acquisition indicator corresponding to theselected signature is detected , Transmit the random

    access message three or four uplink access slots after the

    uplink access slot of the last transmitted preamble

    9. exit the physical random access procedure

    Transmit diversity Mode

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    Transmit diversity Mode

    Application of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channelApplication of Tx diversity modes on downlink physical channel

    appliedAICH

    appliedHS-SCCH

    appliedappliedHS-PDSCH

    appliedPICH

    appliedappliedappliedDPCH

    appliedS-CCPCH

    appliedSCH

    appliedP-CCPCH

    Mode 2Mode 1STTDTSTDClosed loop modeOpen loop modePhysical channel type

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    Transmit Diversity-STTD

    Space time block coding based transmit antenna diversity(STTD

    4 consecutive bits b0, b1, b2, b3 using STTD coding

    b0 b1 b2 b3

    b0 b1 b2 b3

    -b2 b3 b0 -b1

    Antenna 1

    Antenna 2

    Channel bits

    STTD encoded channel bitsfor antenna 1 and antenna 2.

    Transmit Diversity-TSTD

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    Transmit Diversity TSTD

    Time switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH chaTime switching transmit diversity (TSTD) is used only on SCH channel.nnel.

    Antenna 1

    Antenna 2

    ac si,0

    acp

    acsi,1

    acp

    acsi,14

    acp

    Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot #14

    acsi,2

    acp

    Slot #2

    (Tx OFF) (Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)

    (Tx OFF)

    (Tx OFF)

    (Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)(Tx OFF)

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    Closed Loop Mode

    Transmit DiversityClosed Loop Mode Closed loop mode transmit diversity

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    p y

    Used in DPCH and PDSCH

    Channel coding, interleaving and spreading are done as in non-

    diversity mode. The spread complex valued signal is fed to both TX

    antenna branches, and weighted with antenna specific weight

    factors w1 and w2.

    The weight factors are determined by the UE, and signalled to the

    UTRAN access point (=cell transceiver) using the D-bits of the FBI

    field of uplink DPCCH.

    The calculation of weight factor is the key point of closed loop Tx

    diversity.there are two modes with different calculation methods of

    weight factor

    1mode 1 uses phase adjustmentthe dedicated pilot

    symbols of two antennas are different(orthogonal)

    2mode 2 uses phase/amplitude adjustment the dedicated

    pilot symbols of two antennas are the same.

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