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MARITIME SECURITY INPORTS

Capt Dirk Vernaeve

ITMMA 16th April 2007

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CONTENTS

maritime terrorist attacks Maritime Transportation Security Act CSI/CTPAT (supply chain security) SOLAS Ch. XI-2 and ISPS code EU measures for port security

critical infrastructure conclusions

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USS Co l ebombing

October 12, 2000 harboured in Yemeni port of Aden small craft exploded on port side gash in ships side of 35 x 36 blast hit ships galley

17 sailors killed, 39 injured

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m/t L im b u r g bombing (1)

October 6, 2002

in Gulf of Aden off Yemen

An explosives-laden dinghy rammedthe starboard side

vessel caught fire 90,000 barrels of oil leaked into Gulf

of Aden 1 crew member killed, 12 injured

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m/t L im b u r g

bombing (2)

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m/v Superferry 14 bombing

attack by Abu Sayyaf Group

on 27 February 2004: a televisionset filled with 8 lb (4 kg) of TNT

exploded 2 hours after leavingManilla

resulting fire caused ship to capsize

116 people were killed in the attack

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Piracy attack on cruise ship

Seaborn Spirit

November 5, 2005: pirate attack on inflatablespeedboats with grenade launchers andmachine guns

100 miles off the Somali coast at least one RPG hit the ship one crew member was lightly injured Seaborn Spirit managed to evade 25th such incident in the past six months

six vessels are currently being held by pirates

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What should be done?

naval patrols

effective sanctions increased crewing levels

co-ordinated government action technical assistance

ILO C185 (2003)

SUA Convention 1988(Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against theSafety of Maritime Navigation was adopted in Rome in 1988)

M iti T t ti

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Maritime Transportation

Security Act of 2002 (MTSA)

Goal of MTSA is to prevent a MaritimeTransportation Security Incident (MTSI) with: >loss of life

> environmental damage> transportation system disruption

> economic disruption of a particular area

MTSA calls for a series of plans on the national,port and individual vessel/facility levels (AMSP:Area Maritime Security Plan)

Developed and implemented by an Area MaritimeSecurity Committee (AMSC)

CSI/CTPAT (SUPPLY CHAIN

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CSI/CTPAT (SUPPLY CHAINSECURITY) (1)

CSI focuses on four core elements:1. using automated information to identify and target high-risk

containers2. pre-screening containers as high risk before they arrive at a US

port3. using detection technology to quickly pre-screen high-risk

containers4. using smart, tamper-proof containers

CSI/CTPAT (SUPPLY CHAIN

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CSI/CTPAT (SUPPLY CHAINSECURITY) (2)

C-TPAT is a joint government-business initiative tobuild co-operative relationships that strengthen

overall supply chain and border security

Benefits certified C-TPAT members:> reduced number of CBP inspections> priority processing for CBP inspections> potential eligibility for CBP Importer Self-Assessment

programme (ISA)

> eligibility to attend C-TPAT supply chain security trainingseminars

SOLAS Ch XI 2 d ISPS l

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SOLAS Ch. XI-2 and ISPS - special

measures to enhance maritime security

Ship Security Assessment (SSA) Ship Security Plan (SSP)

Ship Security Officer (SSO) Company Security Officer (CSO) Automated Identification System (AIS) Reg. XI-2/3: SL for ships by flag state

Reg. XI-2/8: Master decides on safety of shipand how to maintain security measures

Reg. XI-2/5: ship security alert system shallinitiate and transmit a ship-to-shore security alert to

a competent authority Reg. XI-2/6: extension to ship/shore interface

(ISPS)

International Ship and Port Facilities

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International Ship and Port Facilities

Security Code (ISPS code)

ISPS code is limited to ships of over 500 GT and tothe ship/shore interface

Carry out and have approved, Port Facility SecurityAssessments (PFSA)

Develop Port Facility Security Plans (PFSP)

Designate a Port Facility Security Officer (PFSO) Ensure that PFSO and other appropriate

personnel receive adequate training and drills

Ensure that port facilities are sufficiently equippedand staffed in order to operate under the threesecurity alert levels

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Main objectives of ISPS

To detect security threats and implement securitymeasures

To establish roles and responsibilities concerning

maritime security for governments, localadministrations, ship and port industries atnational and international levels

To collate and promulgate security-relatedinformation

To provide a methodology for security

assessments so as to have in place plans andprocedures to react to changing security levels

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FGD

Internal Af fa irs

FGD

Mobi li t y and t ranspor t

FGD

Finances / Justi ce /

Defence / Intel l igence

Desig nated auth ori ty / mem ber state

Federal Com m ittee for Secu rit y of PF (FCSPF)

Internal affairs Security Finance JusticeTransportMobility

Ministries

Members FCSPF

National

Designated

Authority as

foreseen in the

ISPS code

Loca l Pol icePort

Commander s

Off iceIntel l igence

Lo cal representative of th e FCSPF

Lo cal Com m ittee for Secu ri ty of PF (LCSPF)

Members LCSPF

Audit team

Local

representatives of

the Designated

Authority

CustomsFedera l Po l ice

42 x IPZ Mar. Pol. A/G/Z/O Port lieutenantsIntelligence of the

StateCustoms

Federal Level

Local Level

DefenceIntelligence

ISPS

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ISPS process

ISPS code EU RD (FCBH)

MUSC

LCBH

PFSO

+

Toolkit

Port Security Assessment

Port Facil ity Security Plan

Port Facility Security Assessment

Authority

Advisory

Basis for

Performance

NO

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Completing

Toolkit

Draft ing

Act io n Plan

updates

needed?

completed?

Sel f Assessm en t

Acti on Pl an

Draft ing

PFSP

YES

YES

NO

Present PFSP

to LCBHG

Control by Port

Authorit y

Control by

Customs

Control by Local

Police

Control by S tate

Security

Control by Maritime

Police

I m p l em en t

add i t i ona l

measures

I m p l em en t

add i t i ona l

measures

OK?

OK?

OK?

OK?

OK?

Present PFSP

to FCBH

if at least

on e NOT OK

if all OK

Flow ChartPFSP

i

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ISPS practice

Ship Security Level (SSL 1,2 or 3) + SL last 10 PFsdeclared 24 h before arrival in port

Designated authority flag state that decides about

the SL of its ships Master takes extra security measures and can

overrule SL in case of safety of ship and or crew

Designated authority of the ports governmentdecides about SL of port facilities in the port area

SL PF > SSL: SSO has to adapt SSL

SL PF < SSL: DOS between SSO and PFSO

Security measures for each SL: see SSP/PFSP

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SEC/SAF registration in HIS

Non Sensi t ive Term inals - OBC

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Por t fac il it y

Marit im e Pol ice (SPN) check crew and other personn el aboard

Custom s check cargo

Patro l (Por t Author ity ) check ir regu lar it ies on w ater sur face

B LU-code (Stevedore - Term inal ) chec k loading/u nloadin g o f the sh ip

Crew dec lare in DOS that there needs to be contro l and reg is tration

of everybody w ho goes on board /f rom board

Secu ri ty L evel 1

Non Sens i t ive Term inals OBC(e.g. dr y/w et bu lk, general carg o )

Non Sens i tive Term inals - OB C

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PIDS

Por t fac i li ty

Br inging PIDS into place before arr ival of the ship or m aximum w ithin 4 hours

Ac tive acces s contro l of per sons and cargo (both on PF and gangw ay ) w ith phys ical and/or electron icdevices

Inform pol ice about higher r isk p robabi l i ty

Secure con tracts w ith securi ty f i rms

Effect ive rol l -out of this scenario every 2 exercises (i .e. once every three years)

Securi ty L evel 2

?

(e.g. dr y/w et bulk , general cargo )

Non Sens i tive Term inals - OB C

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Por t Fac i li ty

Bringin g PIDS into p lace before arr ival of the ship or m aximu m wi th in 4 h ours

Ac tive access co ntro l tow ards perso ns and c argo (b o th on PF and gangw ay)

With dogs , armed secur i ty guards and pro bably arm y forces

Secure con tracts w i th secur i ty f i rms

Effect ive ro l l -out of th is s cenar io every 2 exerc ises (i .e . on ce every thr ee years)

In form Pol ice abou t h igher r isk prob abi li ty

Securi ty Level 3

FCBH

Non Sens i tive Term inals OB C(e.g. dr y/w et bu lk, general cargo )

CCTV / AIS / RADAR / GIS

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CCTV / AIS / RADAR / GIS

PATROL BOATS

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PATROL BOATS

Sensitive Terminals - CONTAINER

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Sensitive Terminals CONTAINER(e.g. container, Ro/Ro, petrochemical)

Port facility

Active access control of persons, cargo and vehicles (both on PF and

gangway) with physical and/or electronic devices Effective fencing

Security Level 1

PI/O visitors

employees


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Port facility

Security Level 1 +

More frequent contact between SSO and PFSO

Higher level of control by security guards

Inform police about higher risk probability

Security Level 2

(e.g. container, Ro/Ro, petrochemical)


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Port facility

Security Level 2 +

Advice by Federal Committee for the Security of Port Facilities

Security Level 3

FCBH

(e.g. container, Ro/Ro, petrochemical)

Detection Patrols

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Detection Patrols

Passenger Term inals - PAX

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Por t Fac i li t y

Effect ive fencing (per imeter o f the ship ) depending on the Secur i ty Level

Contro l of the bui ld ing and i ts environm ent

Access Contro l at Por t Fac il it y

Co-ordination of secur i ty m easures w i th SSO in DOS

Physical co ntro l of a cer ta in % of the lugg age by the SSO (agree upo n % in DOS)

Pre announ cem ent of ship c handlers

SPN: 1. Cont ro l o f c rew and passengers f rom non -Schengen coun t r ies

2. Contro l of the w aters ide i f po ssib le

Custom s: Possib le con tro l if com ing f rom other countr ies wi tho ut b i lateral agreem ents wi th Belg ium

Securi ty Level 1

Customs

Police

?

(e.g. Crui se ship s, ferry)

Passenger Term inals - PAX

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Secur i ty Level 1 +

Higher level of con trol by secur i ty gu ards

Access con tro l w ith m etal detec to r / X-ray scan

Secur i ty Level 2

Por t Fac i li tyCus toms

Pol ice

(e.g . Cru ise sh ips , ferry)

Passenger Term inals - PAX( C i hi f )

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Por t Fac i li t y

Securi ty L evel 3

FCBH

Customs

Police

Secur ity Level 2 +

Ad vice from the Federal Com m ittee fo r the Securi ty o f Port Fac i l i t ies

(e.g. Crui se ship s, ferry)

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registration

access control

protocol

XML

port of Ghent

visitors card

database

white list

black list

Software Development Kit

API - LibraryC/C++

Java

Visual Basic

company 1

company 2 company 3company 4

registration

access control

registration

access controlno registration &no access control

reader

ACCESS CONTROL

Access control by e ID card

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Access control by e-ID card

RFID-card

biometrics

Access control Belgian driver

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driver with Belgian e-ID has a

delivery for

at access control

registration of e-IDby handset reader

data

base

handset terminal

sendsinformation to

database

company

at SL 2-3 data can be sent

to national authority for

security

g

Access control foreign driver

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g

makes a visitors card for a foreign driver who comes on

a weekly basis to the terminal; driver is registeredby website (validation 1 year)

driver can visit site A but can NOT enter site B

together with ID-data and validation of the

visitors card for 1 year, the entrance rights toenter site A are put on his visitors card

by means of card readers at the access control points the driver receivesentrance rights for 1 year for gate A

A

B

EU transport security legislation

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IMO/Solas Regulation EC nIMO/Solas Regulation EC n725/2004 maritime & port725/2004 maritime & portfacility securityfacility security

ISPS transposed into the EC law

Extented to inner EU traffic European inspection regime

2. Directive Port Security EC2. Directive Port Security EC nn MonitoringMonitoring 65/200565/2005

Based on the ILO/IMO Code of Conduct Security measures extended to the whole port area

Commission regulationCommission regulation 884/2005 on inspections884/2005 on inspections

Regulation EC nRegulation EC n648/2005 Community Customs Code648/2005 Community Customs Code Integrated management of external border (cargo) Authorised Economic Operator

EU transport security legislation

Regulation (EC) n725/2004

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g ( )of 31 March 2004

Is based on SOLAS chapter XI/2 and the ISPS Code, inforce since 19/05/2004.

Its scope is also limited to ships, companies and portfacilities.

International maritime traffic covered since 01/07/2004

Class A national maritime traffic since 01/07/2005

Other national maritime traffic from 01/07/2007, dependentupon the result of a compulsory security risk analysis to beconducted by each Member State.

Some provisions of ISPS part B are mandatory.

Importance of Community inspection regime, essential toallow consistency.

Directive 2005/65/EC on

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Port Securityof 26 October 2005 (1)

Based on the ILO/IMO Code of practice.Applies to any port in which one or more port facilities are

situated to which Regulation 725/2004 applies.

It complements maritime and ship/port interface security and

expands into all security relevant port areas;

Boundaries of the port to be defined on a case by case basisby the Member States.

Directive 2005/65/EC on Port

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Security

of 26 October 2005 (2)

Using the same tools as Regulation 725/2004 (security

assessment, security plan, 3 security levels, approvalby Member States, Port Security Authority).

Minimum requirements for PSA, PSP, training and RSO(detailed in annexes).

Port security officer to be nominated.

A port security committee maymay provide practical advice

on security matters.

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25 JAN 2006N TION L COLLOQUIUM H VENBEVEILIGING

8

Risk matrix

Step 1

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25 JAN 2006N TION L COLLOQUIUM H VENBEVEILIGING

7

54321

108642

1512963

20161284

252015105EF

F

E

C

T

VULNERABILITY

Increases with chances of succesful attack

Decreases with protection against attack

Number of victims

Direct damage

Indirect damage

Psychological impact

Step 1Cycle 1 + n

Protected Critical Infrastructure

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Information (PCII) Programme

Analyzing and securing criticalinfrastructure and protected systems

Identifying vulnerabilities and developingrisk assessments

Enhancing recovery preparednessmeasures.

Critical infrastructures

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Transport

Water supply/wastewater treatment

Education

Public health

Prisons

Industrial capacity Waste services

Telecommunications

Energy Banking and finance

Emergency services

Government continuity

Information systems

Nuclear facilities

Special events

Agriculture/food supply

Defence industrial base

Chemical industry Postal/shipping services

Monuments and icons

Key industry/tech. sites Large gathering sites

CONCLUSIONS

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Todays international supply chains face a large number ofregulations and private initiatives prescribing measures to betaken in order to raise the level of supply chain security.

These measures range from putting up a fence around theterminal facilities at a seaport, to establishing a certified securityprogramme at the production facility (point of stuffing) in order

to be admitted to the "green lane", i.e. fast-track transportationdownstream in the supply chain.

Companies, ports and other parties are increasingly being forcedto participate in the security schemes in order to stay in business,

even though many of these schemes are not compulsory by law.Supply chain security is not just a cost factor.

Companies and ports can also use supply chain security as acompetitive advantage. The "green lane" is a clear example:

being part of a green lane supply chain can strengthen acompanies competitiveness, as it offers a number of logistical andcost advantages.

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22

Rotterdam Autom ated Con tainer Inspection Lane

Joint s tudy of Custom s, Port Authority and Port Business

Case Study:

Automated Container Inspection Lane

Fully automated

Non Stop, 13 km/h

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18 20

X-ray scan

Radiation Detection

OCR Cameras

RFID reading.

Terminal functions

Rotterdam Automated Container Inspection LaneJoint study of Customs, Port Authority and Port Business

14

R a d i a t i o n D e t e c t i o n

1 5

N o n i n t r u s i v e s c a n n i n g

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Thank you for your attention

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00167893 Port Security