001 - Pqc-statcon for Web

PQC-STATCON Fast dynamic/step-less compensation

Hasan Mydin J, PPHV-LVC Advanced Power Quality Solutions, India

ABB Group

April 18, 2012 | Slide 2

What is poor power quality & why?

Any event related to the electrical network that ultimately results in financial loss

Power-supply failures

e.g, :breakers tripping, fuses blowing

Equipment failure, malfunctioning and lifetime reduction,

including

Equipment overheating (transformers, motors, etc)

Damage to sensitive equipment (PCs, UPS systems,

drives)

Capacitor problems

Electronic communication interference

System losses

Utility regulations and penalties

Personnel issues (illness, poor work efficiency, etc)

Reactive power, imbalance & Harmonics = Poor power Quality

ABB Group


Problems due to reactive power

Transmission & distribution losses in the network

Poor power factor reduces the efficiency of the motors

which in turn increases the operating costs

Penalty to the Electricity Boards (Example) at the

same time for better power quality there are rebates

from the electricity boards.

Overheating of the equipments which can be a source of

fire hazard

Unnecessary stress in the equipments wears down the life

of the equipment

Overall efficiency of the power system gets hit and

affecting the nations development.

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Key elements of poor power quality

High running costs and failures

Reactive power Load imbalance Harmonics

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Reactive power & imbalance sources

Motor loads cranes, SEA PORT, AIRPORTS, metros, industries, commercial & domestic applications. Railways

traction substations, harbours etc.

Welding loads - car manufacturers, furnaces, rolling mills,

steel industries.

Fluorescent domestic and commercial applications where the lighting load is predominant

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What is the solution ?

Fixed capacitor compensation

Variable capacitance using relays

Thyristor switched capacitor bank

Fixed capacitor with TCR(reactor)

PQC - STATCON

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Ways of compensation

Applications

Fixed Applications where the load is not flexible

Very simple in construction

Highly Economic solution

Could not be used for varying loads, so very limited

applications only

Fixed capacitor compensation

Manual

Switch

-1000

-750

-500

-250

0

250

500

750

1000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Time [ms]

Vo

lta

ge

[V

]

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

Cu

rre

nt

[A]

VOLTAGE

CURRENT

t

Q

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Relay switched variable capacitor banks

Applications

Flexible Loads but only stepped compensation

Simple construction

Very less efficiency, slow response, system accuracy of

compensation to lesser since it is a stepped compensation

PFC

Controlled

Contactors

-1000

-750

-500

-250

0

250

500

750

1000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Time [ms]

Vo

lta

ge

[V

]

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

Cu

rre

nt

[A]

VOLTAGE

CURRENT

Q

t

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Thyristor Switched Capacitor Compensation

Applications

Quick reactive time, Flexible Loads but only stepped

compensation

Capacitor based classical compensation

System accuracy of compensation is lesser since it is a

stepped compensation

-1000

-750

-500

-250

0

250

500

750

1000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40Time [ms]

Vo

lta

ge

[V

]

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

Cu

rre

nt

[A]

VOLTAGE

CURRENT Q

t

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Fixed capacitor + Thyristor Controlled Reactor (FC+TCR)

Applications

Smooth Operations

High Response time within 2-3 cycles

No Negative VAR Compensation

Losses are high at light load conditions

Performance dependant on fault level in the

system

Q

t

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Disadvantages of Classical Capacitor Compensation

Need time to discharge the capacitors

High inrush current

Limited life of the contactors

Limited step size

Create disturbances

Put stress on the elements

Heavy Maintenance is required

ABB Group


PQC - STATCON

Ultra High Speed Dynamic VAr Compensator with Unbalance-

Correction

Capacitance without Capacitors*

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Construction Details Of PQC STATCON

PQC-STATCON

2300m

m

1000mm

900m

m

IGBT

Converter

PQC CONTROLLER

(DSP)

REACTOR

FEED BACK FROM CT

PO

WE

R S

UP

PLY

CONTROL LOGIC

VIA OPTO-

TRANSRECEIVERS

Vs Vi

VL

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IL = (Vs-Vi)/jXL = VL/XL (- 90) IL leads the Vs by 90 (Capacitive)

Reactive Power Compensation(RPC) by STATCON: CASE-1: When Vi > Vs

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IL = (Vs-Vi)/jXL = VL/XL (- 90) IL lags the Vs by 90 (Inductive)

RPC BY STATCON:

CASE-2: When Vi < Vs

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RPC BY STATCON:

CASE-3: When Vi = Vs

Is= 0; Hence Supplying Zero Reactive Current

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Construction Details Of PQC STATCON

PQC-STATCON

2300m

m

1000mm

900m

m

IGBT

Converter

PQC CONTROLLER

(DSP)

REACTOR

FEED BACK FROM CT

PO

WE

R S

UP

PLY

CONTROL LOGIC

VIA OPTO-

TRANSRECEIVERS

Vs Vi

VL

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Basic operating principle of PQC-STATCON

Source

(Vs)

Wish Tank

(Vi)

Tap (Vt)

ABB Group


Basic operating principle of RPC

Case 1: When Vi > Vs,

Source (Vs)

Wish Tank (Vi) When Vi > Vs,

Vt = Vs Vi = -Ve

Vt = Negative

Tap (Vt)

Flow towards source

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Source (Vs)

Wish tank (Vi)

When Vi < Vs,

Vt = Vs Vi = +Ve

Vt = Positive

Tap (Vt)

Flow towards wish tank

Basic operating principle of RPC Case 2: When Vi < Vs,

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Source (Vs)

Wish tank (Vi)

When Vs = Vi,

Vt = Vs Vi = 0

Vt = Zero

Tap (VL)

No flow in the tap

Basic operating principle of RPC Case 3: When Vi = Vs,

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?

Mr. Unbalanced Mr. Unknown (Balanced -ve sequence)

Mr. Known (Balanced

+ve sequence)

Iub = I+ + I-

(where I+ and I- is Positive and negative sequence currents respectively)

Since Power (P) is same we can find out I+, So I- is the unknown which will be injected by PQC-STATCON so that overall the system will draw a BALANCED current from the Grid

Unbalance Correction by PQC-STATCON:

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Unbalance Correction by PQC-STATCON:

10

6

1

-5

-1

4

5 5 5

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`

RESISTIVE

LOADS

ONLY

Detuned

C.Bank

(HT/LT)

REAL POWER

HARMONICS

PQC-

STATCON

REACTIVE POWER

FREE FROM

Reactive Power

& HARMONICS

FEED BACK FROM CT

Fixed Capacitive Xc / kVAr

RES +

REACTIVE

LOADS

RLC +

HARMONIC

LOADS

As Complete Power Quality Solution PQC-STATCON

ABB Group


IGBT

Converter

PQC CONTROLLER

(DSP)

REACTOR

FEED BACK

FROM CT

Vs Vi

VL

Modes of operation

1. Fixed Compensation Mode

2. Dynamic Compensation Mode

3. Test Mode

ABB Group


IGBT

Converter

PQC CONTROLLER

(DSP)

REACTOR

NO FEED BACK

PO

WE

R S

UP

PLY

CONTROL LOGIC

VIA OPTO-

TRANSRECEIVERS

Vs Vi

VL

DESIRED LOADS

TO BE

COMPENSATED

1. FIXED MODE

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CLOSED LOOP / OPEN LOOP

Water Heater

Free floating one & Wall mounted

Watering the Garden While Raining

Street Lighting

Timer Relay & Opto-Detector Model

Examples

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IGBT

Converter

PQC CONTROLLER

(DSP)

REACTOR

FEED BACK FROM CT

CONTROL LOGIC

VIA OPTO-

TRANSRECEIVERS

Vs Vi

VL

LOAD TO BE

COMPENSATED

2. DYNAMIC MODE / OPEN LOOP FASHION

ABB Group


IGBT

Converter

PQC CONTROLLER

(DSP)

REACTOR

FEED BACK FROM CT

PO

WE

R S

UP

PLY

CONTROL LOGIC

VIA

OPTO-TRANSRECE

IVERS

Vs Vi

VL

LOADS TO

BE COMPENSATED + ANY

ADDITIONAL LOADS OF THE

FEEDER IN FUTURE*

* Depending on the Capacity of the PQC

2. DYNAMIC MODE / CLOSED LOOP FASHION

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Resource Sharing of PQC STATCON b/w RPC & UBC

Is --Inductive Is Capacitive

Is Unbalance

-X, kVAr +X, kVAr

70% Unbalance

Compensation(UBC)

30% Reactive Power

Compensation(RPC)

0% RPC, 100% UBC

0% UBC, 100%RPC

ABB Group


PQC STATCON

Absolute ultra high speed operation (20mS*)

High Speed Floating point DSP

Advantages & Advanced Features

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PQC STATCON

Environmental

friendly product which

improves the

efficiency of the

power system

Energy saving idle

mode, when there is

no load


ABB Group


PQC STATCON

Highly reliable & Most advanced IGBT Technology(Insulated

Gate Bipolar Transistor)


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PQC STATCON

Perfect for high end

applications. Opto-

transreceivers using

optical cables for

controller

communications with

Converter

Fast Dynamic Response

and Good Steady State

Stability

Good Transient Stability


ABB Group


PQC STATCON

User Friendly touch

screen GUI (Graphical

User Interface) which

enables easy operation

Advanced Diagnostic

Capabilities

Fault logger up to 250

fault logs with date &

time


ABB Group


PQC STATCON

Direct compensation up to 3.3kV


ABB Group


PQC STATCON

Very Economic Operating Costs. QUICK RECOVERY of the

investment


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PQC STATCON

Galvanic Insulation between high-low voltage controllers &

driver relays

Scrutinized use of capacitors with STATCON, it can reduce

harmonics in the system as well*

Energy Save Mode

Programmable option

IGBT converter is switched off in 30 secs, during idle

condition

Cooling system is turned off, after 2 minutes

STATCON enters deep sleep mode

Delivers rated kVAR within 8 cycles(From Sleep mode)

of load demand


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Unique Advantages of PQC-STATCON

Can supply both positive & negative VAr

Both Inductive & Capacitive Operation

Q

-Q

CAPACITIVE kVAr

INDUCTIVE kVAr

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Unique Advantages of PQC-STATCON (Master-Master Configuration)

In modular system of PQCs, the system reliability will be increased by N times, unlike other ONE MASTER-SLAVE systems where, in the event of master failure the total system gets to

SHUT DOWN. In PQC all individual PQCs are capable of being a master and will take over as

and when required.

PQC-STATCON PQC-STATCON PQC-STATCON PQC-STATCON PQC-STATCON

MASTER SLAVE SLAVE SLAVE SLAVE MASTER MASTER MASTER MASTER

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Operation with parallel existing/new capacitors

` LOADS

PQC-

STATCON

FEED BACK FROM CT

Cap.

Banks

-100%

100%

PQC-STATCON

+ 0%

100%

FIXED CAPACITOR

Parallel capacitor bank to extend the range

= 0%

200%

Total DRPC Plant

-100%

100%

Economy Perspective - More kVAr/$

LV Bus

Typical STATCON based DRPC System (With HV Capacitors)

Typical HV/MV Applications

ABB Group


Value proposition: ABB and power quality

ABB as product provider and integrator of electrical

equipment/installations works closely with EPCs and has first-hand experience of power quality in the field

ABB has dedicated R&D units that analyze, address and

solve a variety of power quality problems in LV, MV and HV

installations

ABB experts participate in standardizing committees for

power quality regulations and products

ABB has a very stringent internal quality policy to develop,

monitor & improve any product for best customer

satisfaction

Peace of mind

Leading manufacturer of power quality solutions

Rely on our experience and knowledge in this field

ABB Group


Applications of PQC STATCON

Railway/ Traction Sub Stations

Automotive / Welding Plant

Steel Plants / Rolling Mills

Airports / Shipyards / Ships

Off-shore Drilling

Process Industries

Sky lifts / Compressor loads

Pulp & Paper Industries

Chemical Plants

Rubber Industries

Hydro Plants

Cement Factories

Water treatment Plants

Wind Mills

ARC

FURNACES

STEEL

ROLLING MILLS

TRACTION SUB-STATIONS

WELDING LOADS

ABB Group


Few Clients of PQC STATCON In a Nutshell

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Field Experience

Source PF of 1.25 MVA transformer (STATCON off)

Source PF of 1.25 MVA transformer (STATCON on)

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Field Experience

Source PF of 2.5 MVA transformer (STATCON off)

Source PF of 2.5 MVA transformer (STATCON on)

ABB Group


We are happy to inform you that

with ABB make STATCON, we are

able to maintain an average

monthly power factor above 0.995

lag to unity(1.0). This has

indubitably improved performance

of our plant loads by improving the

total power quality.

Happy customers of PQC STATCON (Welding Loads)

Conclusions : STATCON TYPE TEST CPRI Central Power Research Institute

Conclusions : RDSO Approval for INDIAN RAILWAYS

Research Designs & Standards Organization

ABB Group


Compensator Ratings PQC STATCON

S. No Type No. Application Voltage kVAr Amp (Ir)

1 PQCS-50-V240 1-Ph 240 50 210

2 PQCS-100-V240 1-Ph 240 100 420

3 PQCS-100-V415 1-Ph 415 100 240

4 PQCS-150-V415 1-Ph 415 150 360

5 PQCS-250-V415 1-Ph 415 250 600

S. No Type No. Application Voltage kVAr Amp (Ir)

1 PQCT-100-V415 3-Ph 415 100 140

2 PQCT-150-V415 3-Ph 415 150 210

3 PQCT-250-V415 3-Ph 415 250 350

4 PQCT-300-V415 3-Ph 415 300 420

5 PQCT-70-V415 3-Ph 415 70 100

PQCS

PQCT

For MV/HV applications;

PQC STATCON supports operation through Step-down Transformer

Documents

001 - Pqc-statcon for Web