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Review for Exam

October 25, 2010

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The ratio of estrogen to progesterone _______ leading

up to paturition.

1. Increases

2. Decreases

3. Stays the same

3

Fertilization occurs within ______ of ovulation

1. 2 days

2. 4 days

3. 7 days

4. 2 weeks

5. 3 weeks

6. 9 weeks

7. 24 weeks

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The following are roles of oxytocin:

1. Bonding between a father and newborn baby

2. The milk ejection reflex of breast feeding

3. Uterine contraction during paturition

4. 2 + 3

5. All of the above

5

What would be the effect of a man being exposed to high levels of

environmental testosterone on the following hormones?

(increase/decrease/stay the same)

1. GnRH

2. FSH

3. LH

4. Inhibin

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A child may experience precocious puberty as a result

of (check all that apply):1. Childhood obesity

2. Increased leptin in the bloodstream

3. Tumor of the hypothalamus

4. Topical exposure to reproductive hormones

5. Ingestion of reproductive hormones

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Matching

1. Leydig cells 2. Sertoli cells

3. Theca cells 4. Granulosa cells

a. Male, stimulate spermatogenesis

b. Male, produce testosterone

c. Female, stimulate oocytes

d. Female, produce androgens

i. Stimulated by FSH ii. Stimulated by LH

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Why might taking progesterone with estrogen supplements be an effective

form of birth control?

9

Decreasing levels of estrogen and progesterone at the end

of the menstrual cycle remove the inhibition of _____, which allows levels of FSH and LH

to rise1. Inhibin

2. GnRH

3. Oxytocin

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What is the effect of menopause on levels of the following hormones in

a woman’s bloodstream? (increase/decrease/stay the same)

1. Inhibin

2. Estrogen

3. GnRH

4. FSH

5. LH

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What are the classic signs of inflammation? Why do they

occur?

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Necrosis or Apoptosis?

1. Unregulated

2. Result of injury or toxicity

3. Expected when cells become damaged beyond repair

4. Carried out by genes

5. Triggers inflammation

13

Why has the incidence of prostate cancer been

increasing?

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Which of these is true about depression (check as many as

are true)?1. A placebo may be as effective a

treatment as antidepressant drugs.

2. People with the long form of the gene for the serotonin transporter are at higher risk for developing depression.

3. The prefrontal cortex tends to be underactive in people with depression.

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You would expect to see the following changes in the brain of a crystal meth addict (check

all that apply)1. Increased receptors on the postsynaptic

neuron2. Depletion of neurotransmitters released into

the synaptic cleft3. Permanent changes in the pleasure center

of the brain, especially in dopamine transporters

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Affects Peripheral or Central?

1. Curare 2. Myathenia gravis

3. Botulinum toxin 4. Parkinson’s

5. MS 6. ALS

7. Guillain-Barre 8. Organophosphates

9. Strychnine 10. Tetanus

11. Heavy metals

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Match the disorder to the treatment (can use more than once):

1. Curare 2. Myathenia gravis3. Botulinum toxin 4. Parkinson’s5. MS 6. ALS7. Guillain-Barre

i. Neostigmine ii. Ventilation/respiratoriii. Thymectomy iv. Dopamine admin.v. Immunosuppressant (Tysabri)vi. Riluzole and Baclofen

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Autonomic dysreflexia occurs as a result of ________

nervous system activation

1. Sympathetic

2. Parasympathetic

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True or false?

1. All cell death in spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and stroke is a result of direct injury.

2. Most damage from spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and stroke is permanent.

20

Children who are deficient in ____ are more likely to

develop lead poisioning if exposed to lead in their

environment

21

Name some cancer treatments?

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A hunch: study lupus!

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Answers

1. Increases (1)2. 2 days (1)3. All of the above (5)4. All would decrease5. All (5)6. 1) ii,b2) i,a 3) ii,d 4) i,c7. Inhibits GnRH, causing a decrease in FSH

so that follicles aren’t stimulated, prevents mucus from thickening

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8. GnRH (2)

9. 1) decreases 2) decreases 3)increases 4) increases 5) increases

10. Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor (redness, swelling, heat, pain)

Because of increase blood flow, increased capillary permeability, phagocytic cells, cytokines

11. 1) necrosis 2) necrosis 3) apoptosis 4)apoptosis 5) necrosis

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12. Aging population, improvements in detection

13. (1, 3)

14. (2, 3)

15. 1) PNS 2) PNS 3) PNS 4) CNS 5)CNS 6) PNS 7) PNS 8) PNS 9) CNS 10) CNS 11) CNS

16. 1) i,ii 2) i,ii 3) ii 4) iv 5) ii,v 6) ii, vi 7) ii

17. Sympathetic (1)

18. 1) false 2) true

19) Ca2+

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20. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal therapy, monoclonal antibodies