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World History
September 11, 2012
+What we are learning about:
410 AD – 1350 AD
The Fall of Rome
The Middle Ages Feudalism/Manorialism The Crusades The Black Death
+Medieval EuropeMedieval Europe
BackgroundBackground
• The Middle Ages were a dark age for Europe.
• Feudalism: social class system during the Middle Ages that depended on loyalty due to constant invasions and insecurity. Includes Kings/Lords/Knights/Serfs.
The Franks try to turn things aroundCharles “The Hammer” Martel
Political advisor and war leader Defeats Muslims in Spain
His son, Pippin follows in his footsteps and eventually takes the crown
768, he dies and passes his kingdom on to his son, Charlemagne
Charlemagne
“By the sword and by the cross”
Rise to Power
Every year, Charlemagne leads his army to battle. He expands his kingdom by conquering a people each year. He then forms alliances with the local leaders
Why is this a smart political move?
Einhard’s Life of Charlemagne
... He cherished the Church of St. Peter the Apostle at Rome above all other holy and sacred places, and heaped its treasury with a vast wealth of gold, silver, and precious stones. He sent great and countless gifts to the popes; and throughout his whole reign the wish that he had nearest at heart was to re-establish the ancient authority of the city of Rome under his care and by his influence, and to defend and protect the Church of St. Peter, and to beautify and enrich it out of his own store above all other churches.
How did Charlemagne feel about the Catholic Church?
How might this influence how he rules?
Papal States
Region of central Italy under the control of the pope (The yellow section)
You mess with the pope, you get You mess with the pope, you get CharlemagneCharlemagne• 774: Lombards attack the Papal States• Pope asks Charlemagne for help• Charlemagne defeats the Lombards
• 799: Angry supporters of the previous pope attack Leo and run him out of Rome• Leo calls on Charlemagne and the Franks• Charlemagne returns Pope Leo III to power
Emperor Charlemagne
Pope names Charlemagne Emperor of RomeThis implies two things:
Charlemagne had restored the glory of the Roman Empire
Charlemagne had the full backing of the church and God
Does the pope have the authority to do this?
Why does the pope have such influence?
Charlemagne
Created Holy Roman Empire.
To control his empire, Charlemagne appointed local administrators who were loyal to him. They were called counts and they were bound by oath to obey him
This system of loyalty would eventually lead to Feudalism.
More than an Emperor, a Change Maker Using your textbook, complete the following
Charlemagne’s Action
Resulting Social Change
Education
Religion
Law
Trouble, Video
1. What threatened Charlemagne’s empire?
2. What were these people after?
3. How did these people treat people they encountered?
Vikings
Vikings invaded surrounding countries in search of gold.
Vikings killed the people, burned the villages, and stole the food and valuables.
They were excellent sailors and ship builders who used navigation
Muslims and Magyars
Muslims crossed the Strait of Gibraltar in 711 and attempted to invade
They were stopped at the Battle of Tours by Charles Martel
Changed tactics and gave up invasions in favor of small raids
Magyars invaded from the east on horse back
They planed their raids carefully
In the mid 900s the Magyars were crushed by King Otto the Great of Germany
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FeudalismFeudalism was a result of the collapse in the strong government of Ancient Rome and the invasions of vandals like the Vikings.
One’s social class in Feudalism was determined by birth.
+
ManorialismManorialismThe economic portion of feudalism was centered around the lord's estates or manor, and is called the manorialism.
A lord's manor would include peasant villages, a church, farm land, a mill, and the lord's castle or manor house.
Manorialism – economic system used during feudalism.
+ManorialismManorialismManors were self sufficient; all economic activity occurred on the manor. Most of the peasants during the Middle Ages were serfs. Serfs were given land to farm in exchange for service to their lord.
Service that serfs owed to the local lords included: working in the fields for food and paying taxes.
+Manorialism
• The lords had responsibilities also under this system. In return for the services and taxes paid by the peasants, they provided land and protection to them.
• Lords also had to pay taxes and knights for fighting to high lords and the king.
• Feudalism affected all levels of society
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Feudalism in Europe
Europe
Nobility King, lord, lesser lord
Warriors Knights
Code of Conduct Chivalry
Both practices developed in response to the need for security and stability everyone had well-defined social roles
helped preserve law and order
The Feudal System
KingsGive large land grants to Upper Lords called fiefs
Give ProtectionReceives money, military service, and advice
Upper LordsGive land grants to Lesser Lords
Give ProtectionReceives money, military service
Lesser LordsGive land grants to knights
Receives money, military service
KnightsGive land to peasants/serfs
Receives crops, labor
Peasants/ SerfsReceives land to farm Pays with labor, crops
+Magna Carta
This system lasted for hundreds of years, with the kings having a large amount of power.
In 1215 in England, Nobles came together and created the Magna Carta.
The Magna Carta limited the King’s Power.
1. What document does the USA have that limits the executive’s power?
+ArtUnlike their Greek and Roman predecessors, the artists of the Middle Ages depicted a flattened, abstract style of art.
+During the middle ages two distinct During the middle ages two distinct Christian churches emergedChristian churches emerged
Roman CatholicRoman Catholic Eastern OrthodoxEastern Orthodox
+Role of the ChurchRole of the Church
Religion was a central part of life for medieval people from baptism to marriage.
The Church was the largest landholder, gained wealth through tithing and had its own laws and courts which frequently clashed with King’s authority.
The Church was a stabilizing force during a period of weak government.
Because of this, the Pope had a large amount of power– even more powerful than the kings.
+The Crusades, The Crusades, Video
• In the 1050’s the Seljuk Turks invade the Byzantine empire and conquered Palestine or the Holy land.
• The Muslims and Jews also considered this their Holy Land.
• The Pope called for a crusade to free the Holy Land
+Reasons for the CrusadesReasons for the Crusades
• The Pope wanted to increase his power
• Christians believed it was their duty to recover the Holy Land
• Nobles wanted to gain wealth.
• Adventurers sought travel and excitement
• Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression
+Impact of the CrusadesImpact of the Crusades• A major result of the Crusades, include
Cultural Diffusion and an increase in trade. European interest in goods from the east was stimulated by returning Crusaders who brought back many things. As the Crusades ended, ships that were once used to carry soldiers to the Middle East, now carried trade goods. Merchants from rich Italian city states, such as Venice and Florence, dominated this trade.
+Crusades
Crusades Trade Wealth & Knowledge Cities
+The Black Death, The Black Death, Min. 6
The bubonic plague was a highly infectious disease spread by the fleas on rats. Rats were common in the cities of this time.
This particular outbreak first appeared in China.
Between 1347 and 1353, the plague killed one person out of every three in Europe over 25 million.
+The Black Death
Caused the death of tens of millions of people.
Caused the decline of cultural transmission and trade across Eurasia.
Caused the halting of growth of population, trade, and industry.