without light and radiant energy from the Sun we would not have life on Earth

its energy is needed for plants to grow, the atmosphere to circulate, etc

energy is defined as “the capacity to do work or a task”

there are various forms of energy:1. chemical potential energy

energy released or absorbed in a chemical reaction

2. sound energy energy of vibrations of sound waves

3. radiant energy energy of light and electromagnetic waves

4. nuclear energy energy when atoms split (fission) or are made

(fusion)

5. electrical energy energy of electrons moving in a circuit

6. thermal energy energy of atoms or molecules moving

rapidly (ex: heat)

7. gravitational potential energy energy due to the height of an object

8. kinetic energy energy of a moving object

9. elastic potential energy energy stored in an object if it is stretched

or compressed (ex: spring)

all of these can change from one form to another

this is called an energy transformation an energy transformation equation shows

the changes in forms of energy

ex: a microwave oven takes electrical energy and converts it into radiant (microwave) energy which then transforms into thermal (heat) energy, which cooks the foodelectrical energy radiant energy thermal energy

fireworks release chemical potential energy, which is changed into sound and light energy

electrical energy delivered to a stove heats water in a pot; the thermal energy in the water then transfers to the pasta and cooks it

any device that changes energy is called an energy transformation technology (ex: oven, toaster, TV)

this device transforms energy for a specific purpose

energy, the capacity to do work or to accomplish a task, exists in different forms, for example, thermal energy and kinetic energy

in an energy transformation, energy changes from one form to another

the transformation can be described using an energy transformation equation

write the energy transformation equation for the following:

1. a battery-powered portable flashlight

2. an electric drill with a rechargeable battery

1. chemical potential energy electrical energy radiant energy + thermal energy

1. electrical energy chemical potential energy electrical energy kinetic energy + sound energy + thermal energy

Complete questions #1-3 on page 131