?

What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?

Judiciary Act of 1801

Created new judgeships to be filled by the president

John Adams filled the vacancies with party supporters (“Midnight Judges”) before he left office

Led to bitter resentment by the incoming Jeffersonian Republican Party

Act would play a role in the case of Marbury v. Madison

?

Name the causes of the War of 1812

War of 1812

British Impressments of American sailors American frontiersmen wanted more free land, as the west

was held by Native Americans and the British The US suspected the British were encouraging Native

Americans rebellion “War Hawk” Congressional leaders, such as Henry Clay

and John Calhoun, pressed for intervention War Hawks desired annexation of Canada and Florida Despite the Embargo Act and the Non-Intercourse Act,

hostilities could not be cooled The US sided with France against Britain.

TR AS A TR AS A PROGRESSIVE.PROGRESSIVE.

1901 TO 1909

AMERICA IN 1901

POPULATION 0F 76 MILLION ONE OUT OF 7 WERE FOREIGN BORN BETWEEN 1900 & 1914 13 MILLION

NEW IMMIGRANTS ARRIVED.

THE PROGRESSIVE REFORM MOVEMENT

BEGINS TARGETS: MONOPOLIES, GOVERNMENT CORRUPTION, SOCIAL INJUSTICE, CONSUMER PROTECTION, CHILD LABOR, SLUM CONDITIONS, AND MORE.

PROGRESSIVE ASSUMPTIONS:

INDIVIDUALS ALONE ARE OVERWHELMED BY FORCES THEY CAN NOT CONTROL

“THE PEOPLE” WORKING THROUGH GOVERNMENT CAN CORRECT INJUSTICE.

PROGRESS IS POSSIBLE.

PROGRESSIVE WRITERS

HENRY LLOYD DEMAREST: WEALTH AGAINST COMMONWEALTH– Criticized Standard Oil – Beginning of investigative journalism.

THORSTEIN VEBLEN: THEORY OF THE LEISURE CLASS– CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION.– Assailed the nouveau riche

JACOB RIIS: HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES– Exposed the dirt, disease, vice, and misery of the rat-

infested New York slums– Heavily influenced Theodore Roosevelt

MORE… THEODORE DREISER:AN AMERICAN

TRAGEDY – Published in 1925, the book is the story of a young man,

Clyde Griffiths, whose troubles with women and the law take him from his religious upbringing in Kansas City to the fictional town of Lycurgus, New York

– The book is naturalistic in style, containing subject matter such as religion, capital punishment and abortion.

WRITERS ATTACK “BLOODY CAPITALISM JOHN SPARGO: THE BITTER CRY OF

CHILDREN– Exposed the abuses of child labor

MANY CALL FOR SOCIALISM:

TR First Modern President

“BULLY PULPIT” REFORM 1ST TO PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN

WORLD AFFAIRS

TR THE FIRST MODERN PRESIDENT

“I CAN DO ALL IT SAYS I CAN DO IN THE CONSTITUTION, AND ANYTHING IT DOESN’T BAR ME FROM DOING.”

“STEWARDSHIP THEORY: PRESIDENT SHOULD PURSUE THE INTERESTS OF “THE PEOPLE.”

TR’S SQUARE DEAL

CONTROL CORPORATIONSCONSUMER PROTECTIONCONSERVATION OF NATURAL

RESOURCES

TR A “CONSERVATIVE REFORMER.”

“NEVER TRY THE IMPOSSIBLE.” NEVER TOOK ON THE TARIFF ISSUE. ATTACKED ONLY SOME TRUSTS,

NOT ALL TRUSTS. HE CHOSE HIS BATTLES

CAREFULLY.

TR & THE COAL STRIKE

JOHN MITCHELL LEADS STRIKE BY UNITED MINE WORKERS.

MINE OWNERS REFUSE TO RECOGNIZE THE UNION OR NEGOTIATE.– THEY EXPECT TR TO SEND TROOPS– HE REFUSES.

TR MEDIATES THE STRIKE, “JAW BONES” THE OWNERS. THREATENS TO SEIZE THE MINES.

TR AS TRUST BUSTER

FIRST PRESIDENT TO USE SHERMAN ACT AGAINST A MONOPOLY.

FILE SUIT AGAINST NORTHERN SECURITIES COMPANY 1902– SUPREME COURT IN 5 TO 4 RULES IN

FAVOR OF THE GOVERNMENT.

TR: GOOD AND BAD TRUSTS

IF A TRUST EXPLOITS ITS POWER IT IS BAD AND SHOULD BE BROKEN UP.

IF A TRUST IS NOT EXPLOITIVE LEAVE IT ALONE.

SUPREME COURT LATER CALLS THIS THE “RULE OF REASON.”

US STEEL IS AN EXAMPLE OF A GOOD TRUST.

TR AND CONSERVATION

FIRST PRESIDENT TO SET ASIDE LAND. NEWLANDS ACT OF 1902: FEDERAL

IRRIGATION PROJECTS NEWLANDS RECLAMATION ACT OF 1902 MAKES CONSERVATION POPULAR APPOINTS GIFFORD PINCHOT CHIEF

FORESTER.

MORE…

CALLS GOVERNORS CONFERENCE ON CONSERVATION 1908

TR BELIEVED IN RATIONAL USE OF RESOURCES.

TR AND CONSUMER PROTECTION

TR AND THE JUNGLE PASSES PURE FOOD & DRUG ACT

1906 MEAT INSPECTION ACT 1906