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What is a Solution?
Well mixed mixture that contains a solvent and at least 1 solute.
A solution has the same properties throughout.
Cannot see individual particles.
Parts of a Solution
Solute- substance that is present in smaller amount and is dissolved by the solvent.
Solvent- substance that is present in a larger amount and dissolves the solute.
Why is water the universal solvent?
Water the most common solvent
It dissolves so many substances that it is call the universal solvent.
Examples: sugar and water is the
starting point for most flavored drinks
Water is the solvent in blood, sweat, tears, and saliva
Solutions without water
A solution can be made with any combination of gases, liquids and solids.
Examples: Air (Oxygen and
other gases in nitrogen
Dental filling (silver in mercury
Brass (zinc and copper)
Stainless steel (chromium, nickel, and carbon in iron)
Gasoline
What is a Colloid?
A mixture containing small undissolved particles that do not settle out
A colloid contains larger particles than a solution ( still not large enough to see) but are able to scatter light.
Examples: Milk Fog Shaving cream Whipped cream
What is suspension?
A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration
Suspensions contain visible particles that are larger than the particles in a colloid or solution
Examples: Snow globes Sand in water dust
Solutions and Conductivity Ionic compounds
dissolved in water conduct electricity Salt water
Molecular compounds dissolved in water do NOT conduct electricity Sugar water
How does a solute effect the solvent?
Solutes lower the freezing point and raise the boiling point of a solvent.
How is concentration measured?
Compare the amount of solute to the amount of solvent
Dilute Solution- only a little solute dissolved
Concentrated Solution- a lot of solute dissolved
What is solubility?
Measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature Saturated solution= no more solute can
be dissolved Unsaturated solution= more solute can
still be dissolved Supersaturated solution= more
dissolved solute than is predicted by its solubility at the given temperature