Applications of PhotographyThere are many different applications of photography that vary depending on the mood or the situation of the photograph; I will look at each application of photograph as well as the context behind them and I will also give examples of each.

Advertising/promotionalPhotographs are used in an advertising in order to promote a certain item or service; the photos are of someone showing off the item of clothing such as a jacket or the photo will just show off the item itself with extra pictures in order to show of its special features. As seen in Figure 1; which is a photographic advert for a new jacket would show someone wearing and showing it off, this would convince the audience viewing the photographs that they would look cool if they had bought the jacket in a shop and

was able to show it off to people that they knew, as seen in the photograph with the use of a natural background along with

the subject's laidback pose.Fashion

Fashion photographs are widely used in magazines in order to show off and promote the latest trends; these photographs include famous and well known celebrities modelling in the newest styles of fashion, these photos would normally be found on the front covers of these magazines in order to attract the reader’s attention. The audience for this type of photography are a mainly female audience; however, there is also an audience for male fashion photography as well and there is an obvious crossover with Fashion brand photography. An

Eoin Godfrey Date: 26/4/17

Figure 1: An example of advertising/promotional photography; the natural background and laid back pose makes the subject in the picture look much cooler if she is wearing this type of jacket

Figure 2: A fashion magazine cover; the picture on the cover is used in order to attract the reader’s attention so they will pick up the magazine and read it

example of this can be seen in Figure 2; which is a magazine cover that features well known Harry Potter actress Emma Watson modelling in a new style of fashion. This cover is aimed at the actress’ fans and readers of Vogue magazine in order to convince them that they will be much more stylish if they wear the same type of clothing; the pose used in the picture above was used in order to

show off the actress’ innocence and beauty. However; the picture could have been altered with the use of computer software such as Photoshop, a good example can be seen in Figure 3; which shows famous actress Angelina Jolie before and after her photograph was altered due to the use of Photoshop. In the picture; you can see that the subject’s skin had been made smoother and much cleaner than it does in reality, this is done in order to make the subject look attractive so that the readers of a fashion magazine will be pick up the magazine and read it; they would mainly do this in many different forms of photography such as fashion, advertising/promotional and portraiture.

DocumentaryThis a wide strand of photography where the photographer attempts to produce truthful, objective and sometimes candid photos of a certain subject; these pictures can be of both people and the world around us, they are also used document the life that people live. These photos also relate to more complex projects that normally take a longer time to complete; Figure 3 is a documentary photograph taken by Lewis Hine in 1920 and shows a man working on a steam pump in a factory. This photograph is used to give us a look at the daily lives of these

Eoin Godfrey Date: 26/4/17

Figure 4: A documentary photograph taken by Lewis Hine in 1920; showing the daily life of factory workers

workers in the factory and how much power that one person needs in order to fix one of these pumps.

PhotojournalismThis type of photography can range from current affairs to paparazzi, sport or travel style photographs; it is the practice of communicating news through the use of photographs. This style of approach often overlaps with documentary on certain occasions; as seen in Figure 4, which shows two penguins sliding across the ice after coming up from under water. This picture is a both a photojournalism and documentary as it can be used in a journalistic piece about penguins and

how they live in their natural habitat for a documentary magazine such as National Geographic.

PortraiturePortrait Photography, also known as Portraiture; is one of the most common types of photography. It is the art of capturing a subject such as a person or group of people and making other elements such as facial expressions the most predominant feature as that is where the photographers will place the emphasis of every one of their photographs. Back in the early days of photography; the subjects would always look directly at the photographer’s camera, but modern photographers decided to experiment with their photos instead by having the subjects look slightly off camera or sitting a different position.

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Figure 6: Two examples of modern portraiture, both photos have the subject looking off camera instead of looking directly at the camera itself

Figure 5: A photojournalism picture, which can also be described and used as a documentary photo

Figure 8: An example of studio photography, which features a photographer and his subject

High StreetThese are photographs that are mainly aimed at the general public; these include wedding photos, family photos and work/school photos, these are normally given to the subject to keep after the photos have been taken and also feature a lot of portraiture; they will also feature backgrounds depending on the type of

photograph with such an example being seen above in Figure 6.

Studio WorkPhotographs can be taken in variety of different places depending on the situation; they can either be outside in natural backgrounds like documentary and photojournalism photographs or they can be studio based, which is mainly used for fashion photography and portraiture. Two major examples of studio photography can be seen above with Figures 2&5; which are both photographs that were shot in studios rather in natural backgrounds, they also use artificial lighting as opposed to natural lighting that can be seen in other examples. These photos are sometimes digitally edited or manipulated in order to make the person look much better; fashion magazines do this in order to attract their audience so that they will pick up the magazine and read it.

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Figure 7: An example of High Street photography with a wedding photograph; the natural background of this picture makes it seem closer to reality than using a studio background

Figure 9: A book that features illustrations on how to fix a broken computer

IllustrationThis type of photography is used in order to illustrate various different types of books and printed material such as history or science books; a common use of this type of photography is the how book or article where pictures are used in alongside the instructions order to help the reader visualize what they have to do for a certain task. For example; a book on how to fix a broken computer will have photographs on what needs to be done in order to fix the computer and get it working again, an example of one of these how to books can be seen in Figure 8.

Medical

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Photographs can be used for medical purposes such as X-Rays so doctors can see what is wrong with their patient and how they can solve it. They can also be used for forensic use as well; these photographs are mainly used for investigating a crime scene, there three types of these pictures: overview, mid-range, close-ups. Overviews are shots of the location of where the crime took place; mid-range are photographs of the

evidence of the crime such as a knife or gun and finally, close-ups

are shots of elements such as scars on the victim; these are all used in order to determine the reason why the crime took place and what happened. Figure 10 shows us an overview of a crime scene and where it is located while Figure 11 shows a close up of a footprint from that crime scene, this is a crucial photograph as it can be used in order to identity the type or brand of the shoe which could belong to the culprit; the ruler that is sitting beside the footprint is mainly used for scale and to determine the size of the person’s shoe size.

Fine artThis style of photography is created in accordance with both the photographer and the artist; it stands in contrast to other photography styles such as Photojournalism and can be seen as photography as concept art. The purpose of this photography type is not to document reality or promote or advertise, but rather to create photos for purely artistic reasons. A good example can be in figure 12; which

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Figure 10: The overview of a crime scene, establishing where the crime scene took place

Figure 11: A close up of a footprint from the same crime scene seen in Figure 10; this photograph that can be used to identity the shoe brand the culprit could have been wearing during the crime; the ruler is used for scale

Figure 12: An example of fine art photography; this picture's dark colours and eerie atmopshere create an unnvering atmosphere

is a fine art photo of an abandoned and decrepit house. The photo is meant to resemble a painting; it’s use of dark colours and ominous shadows create an eerie and unnerving atmosphere in order to make the house seem scarier since it’s been abandoned.

ArchitecturalArchitectural photography are photographs of buildings and similar structures that are both aesthetically

pleasing and accurate representations of their subjects; the first architectural photo was called “View from the window at Le Gras” which was taken in 1826, which can be seen in Figure 13. This type of photography is commonly used as architecture is a very popular subject for taking photographs. Figure 14 is a modern architectural photograph that shows the Brooklyn Bridge in New York; the low angle that the photograph is taken

from makes the bridge look larger than life and the use of the natural sunlight makes the bridge stand out due to its giant dark silhouette against the backdrop of the clear blue sky.

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Figure 13: View from the window at Le Gras; which was taken in 1826, was the very first architectural photograph

Figure 14: A photograph of the Brooklyn Bridge in New York; the use of a low angle makes the bridge seem larger than life; it also stands out from the background due to the sunlight