Unit 6, 7, and 8 Test: Development of AfricaAnswer the following questions by choosing the letter of the correct answer.

SS7G11. Which of the following accurately describes the difference between an ethnic group and a

religious group?a. An ethnic group shares a similar language, religion and culture while a religious group

shares the same religious beliefs.b. An ethnic group shares the same religious beliefs while a religious group shares a

similar language, religion, and culturec. An ethnic group and a religious group share similar language, religion and culture.d. None of the above is accurate.

SS7H1a2. The purpose of the Berlin Conference was to discuss

a. The World issues and conflicts.b. The best trade routes in Germany.c. America’s independence from Britain.d. The partitioning of Africa.

3. Fighting between two or more groups or regions in the same country is referred to asa. Genocideb. Racismc. Civil Ward. Diaspora

Use the map labeled “Colonialism, (1914)” to answer questions 4-6.

Do not write on this test booklet.

4. According to the map above, which European country controlled what is today the Democratic Republic of Congo?

a. Britishb. Belgiansc. Frenchd. Germans

5. Which European country controlled most of Northwest Africa?a. Britishb. Belgiansc. Frenchd. Germans

6. The U.K. would have been most likely to build a railway connecting which countries?a. Libya and South Africab. Egypt and Kenyac. Ghana and Algeriad. Democratic Republic of Congo and South Africa

7. According to the map above, which African country achieved independence first?a. Nigeriab. Kenyac. Ghanad. Democratic Republic of Congo

8. According to the map above, which African country achieved independence last?a. Egyptb. Sudanc. Ghanad. Democratic Republic of Congo

SS7H1b9. What did Kenyans use to obtain their rights and independence?

a. Votingb. Guerilla warfarec. Asking the British d. Writing a new constitution

10. How did nationalism help Africans to achieve independence?a. It gave them weaponsb. It united different groups for a common causec. It gave different groups the same languaged. It improved infrastructure.

Use the reading passage above to answer questions 11-13.

SS7H1b

In the year since South Sudan became an independent country, it has seen violent flare-ups between ethnic groups.

"It's been a rocky first year, but I don't think that's surprising," said Jonathan Temin, director of the U.S. Institute of Peace's Sudan program. South Sudanese had high expectations when they became independent on July 9, 2011, but the process of nation-building is a long one.

One of the country's top challenges remains security. Deep animosities exist between different ethnic groups in South Sudan, said Temin. "We've seen thousands of violent deaths" in the western part of South Sudan.

To address it, significant reforms are needed, including training the army and police -- who can be at times more part of the problem than the solution, Temin said.

Also, fighting along the border region between the northern and southern armies is causing people to flee to the south, where they remain in refugee camps.

The ethnic rivalries in South Sudan also are making it hard for its population to develop a national identity, Temin added. Coming up with such an identity is a long-term process that will take generations, "but you have to start now," he said, by doing things such as establishing museums and national holidays.

11. Fighting between northern and southern armies most likely refers to fighting between South Sudan and which other country?

a. Sudanb. Egyptc. Congo d. Nigeria

12. With which of the following statements would Jonathon Temin agree?a. South Sudan has had an easy beginning.b. The South Sudanese army has been mostly helpful.c. South Sudan will never become a stable country.d. South Sudan needs to develop a sense of nationalism.

13. Which of the following may be a cause for fighting between ethnic groups in South Sudan?a. Poorly trained armiesb. African nationalismc. Boundaries created by European partitioningd. Apartheid

SS7H1c14. South Africans formed the African National Congress (ANC) in order to

a. Unite South Africans to fight for greater civil rights for blacks.b. Draw more Europeans to South Africa to oppress black people.c. Promote segregation amongst blacks and whites.d. Force white Europeans out of the homelands.

15. Laws created to enforce the segregation of people by race in South Africa were calleda. Racismb. Nationalismc. Apartheidd. Homelands

16. Black South Africans were NOT able to use ____ to end Apartheid.a. Peaceful protestb. Votingc. Strikesd. Demonstrations

17. Who was the former leader of the ANC and wrongfully imprisoned for 27 years for being an anti-apartheid activist?

a. F. W. de Klerkb. Jomo Kenyattac. Nelson Mandelad. Abubakar Balewa

18. Who was the president that brought the policies of apartheid to an end?a. Nelson Mandelab. Jomo Kenyattac. F. W. de Klerkd. Robert Mugabe

SS7H1d19. Which of the following is a major belief of Pan-Africanism?

a. Uniting people of African heritage to work for equalityb. Africa should be a homeland for Africans onlyc. Africa should be a homeland for everyone d. Increasing imperialism in Africa

20. The African Union works to unify Africa by improving in the following areas EXCEPTa. Building strong economies.b. Encouraging democracy.c. Increasing the military size.d. Safeguarding human rights.

SS7CG121. The government of South Africa has a national government and 9 provincial governments, each

with some reserved powers and shared powers. What type of government would South Africa be classified as?

a. Unitaryb. Federalc. Oligarchyd. Confederation

SS7CG222. The citizens of Kenya vote for their representatives in government. What type of government

does this represent?a. Monarchyb. Communistc. Republicd. Bicameral

23. Who is responsible for electing the president in South Africa?a. Council of eldersb. National Assemblyc. Citizensd. Parliament

24. Ethnic conflict, unemployment, and the spread of diseases in Kenya and Nigeria are all results of a. Government corruptionb. Spread of HIVc. Economic policiesd. Military leaders

25. Which African nation has the National Assembly, as a single chamber legislature?a. Moroccob. Nigeriac. South Africad. Kenya

26. Who makes the most important government decisions in the Republic of Sudan?a. The kingb. The country systemc. Major issues are decided in national votingd. The President and National Congress Party

SS7CG327. Famines can be both human-made and natural. In Africa, famines today are caused by

a. bad soil and deserts.b. poor food distribution and poverty.c. malnutrition and overpopulation.d. farmers using insecticides.

28. Famine can lead to death and malnutrition. Which area of Africa is more likely to be affected by this deadly health issue?

a. Sub-Saharan Africab. Horn of Africac. Southern Africad. Central Africa

29. What led to the development and spread of most health issues for Africa?a. Povertyb. Higher educationc. Faminesd. Malaria

30. Which strategy would help in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS?a. More tourismb. Education and preventionc. Fewer childrend. Fewer pets

31. How do the literacy rates for boys and girls compare in both Kenya and Sudan?a. Literacy rates for girls are higherb. Literacy rates for boys are higherc. There is no difference in literacy ratesd. Literacy rates are not reported by gender

32. How do political conflicts sometimes lead to famine?a. Crops never seem to grow well in times of warb. Conflicts disrupt farming and little food is producedc. Political leaders order farmers to stop work in times of conflictd. Political conflicts rarely have any significant effect on food supply

SS7E133. Africa’s economy was improved because Egypt had

a. Diamond reservesb. A strong militaryc. Taxes in their aread. Access to trade routes

SS7E234. All of the following are trade barriers. Which physical features would cause the most difficulty

to trade in Northern Africa?a. Drakensburg Mountainsb. Congo Riverc. Sahara Desertd. Kalahari Desert

35. What was the primary benefit of the Suez Canal?a. Surrounded by a lot of water.b. Near one of the richest cities in Egypt.c. It was longer than the Nile River.d. Connected Africa, Asia, and Europe.

36. Nigeria’s main economic focus has been developing an oil industry. Because of this, which resource have they neglected to develop?

a. Farmingb. Gold c. Diamondsd. Petroleum

SS7G437. What have higher literacy rates led to in Africa?

a. Unemploymentb. Developed countriesc. Increased traded. Diseases

SS7G738. Because of its location over some of the world’s largest oil deposits, which nation’s income rose

dramatically during the 20th century?a. Israelb. Jordanc. Saudi Arabiad. Lebanon

SS7G839. Who make up the largest minority ethnic group in Turkey?

a. Jewsb. Arabsc. Kurdsd. Persians

Diversity of Religions within the Arabs, Persians, and KurdsThose who call themselves Muslims are further divided, as some call themselves Sunni Muslims, while others are Shia Muslims. Many Arabs are Christians. Most Arabs, whether they are Muslim or Christian, speak the Arabic language.

Persians are those who live in the modern country of Iran. The Persian people are descended from a different group than those who are Arabs and Jews. Their ancestors were Indo-Europeans, from Central Europe and Southern Russia.

The country of Persia became known as Iran after World War I. Persians, or Iranians, speak Farsi, a language that uses the Arabic alphabet but is actually a different language. They practice Islam, but most belong to the Shia group of Muslims. About 15 percent of the Muslims in the world are Shia. The other 85 percent are Sunni Muslims.

40. After reading the above text, what does the reader discover regarding religion and ethnic groups in the Middle East?

a. Each ethnic group can only have one religious group.b. Religious groups may split and vary within an ethnic group.c. Sunni Muslims make up approximately 15% of the Muslim religious group.d. The language a group of people share has no effect on the development of an ethnic

group.

SS7H241. The US became involved in the Persian Gulf War as a way of protecting Kuwait from what

Middle East country?a. Iranb. Turkeyc. Iraqd. Germany

42. Who was responsible for the approval of the Declaration of the State of Israel?a. USSRb. USAc. UNd. Israel

*Use the map below to answer question #43.

43. According to the map, which body of water would be a major source of conflict for Israel and the Occupied Territory West Bank?

a. Sea of Galileeb. Jordan Riverc. Dead Sead. Gaza Strip

SS7E644. How is it possible for international trade to occur between nations?

a. Constitutionsb. Exchange Ratesc. Peace Treatiesd. Trade barriers

45. Israel’s investment in its people and in high tech factories and farms have resulted in a relatively successful economy despite the high cost of its

a. Military securityb. Agricultural importsc. Overland transportation of export goodsd. National desalination pipeline system

SS7G2When many people think of the Nile, they immediately think of Egypt. And yes, the Nile is vital to the people of Egypt, but the Nile River Basin affects 10 other African countries. Here are five facts to help expand your understanding of this river system.

Fact 1: The Blue Nile and White Nile meet in Khartoum, Sudan to form the Nile. Thanks to sediments in the water, you can actually tell the waters of the two rivers apart as they flow side-by-side before they eventually flow together to form the Nile.

Fact 2: A group of musicians is using music to unite the many peoples of the Nile River Basin. Founded in 2011, the Nile Project uses music to address the cultural differences and challenges facing the people of the region.

Fact 3: One of the world’s most popular beverages was discovered in the Nile River Basin region around A.D. 850. Legend has it that coffee beans were originally discovered by a goatherd in the Kaffa region of Ethiopia when he noticed his goats seemed unusually excited and active after nibbling some bright red berries that grew near their pasture. The goatherd tried the berries for himself and immediately felt more energetic and happy. Today, Ethiopia is Africa’s leading exporter of Arabica coffee beans.

Fact 4: A dam in the works in Ethiopia will supply many East African countries with electricity, but countries downstream from Ethiopia are concerned the dam will decrease the overall volume of the Nile.

Fact 5: A cataract, or rapid, is a rocky area that slows river traffic. Along the Nile, there were once six cataracts between Khartoum, Sudan, and Aswan, Egypt. At each, the Nile was rocky, or had significant change in elevation. The cataracts made sections of the Nile difficult to navigate. Today, some of these cataracts are underwater due to the High Dam in Aswan.Adapted from Faces: People, Places, and Cultures, October 2014Use the text above to respond to questions #46 and #47.

46. Based on the text, what environmental issue can you infer will occur once the dam being constructed in Ethiopia is complete? ______________

47. Based on the text, the Nile River flows in which direction?a. East to westb. West to eastc. North to southd. South to north

48. According to the images above, which environmental issues of Africa are represented? _________

49. Which government allows religion to dictate?a. Autocracyb. Oligarchyc. Theocracyd. Democracy

50. Nations whose laws are based on the Qur’an are said to have what type of law?a. Shari’ab. “an eye for an eye”c. Hammurabid. Theocracy