[ap human geography][cultural processes]Directions: Please do not write on the exam. Put all your answer on your Scantron. Make sure to mark each bubble darkly and neatly, erasing any stray marks.

Chapter 04: Local Culture, Popular Culture, and Cultural Landscapes

1. Hutterites differ from the Amish in that they a) reject modern technology. b) accept modern technology. c) are Anabaptist. d) live in Pennsylvania.

2. Regionalization would best explain the characteristics of the study ofa) popular culture b) adaptive strategiesc) built environment d) material culturee) folk culture

3. Which of the following best exemplifies folk culture?a) a dialect that is similar in two different region of the country b) the purchasing of rap music by white suburban youthc) Cajun music d) Eating Chinese food in NYCe) the burial of the dead

4. Which distinctive cultural region in the US has its own food, music and language along the border with Mexico?a) Italian-Americanb) Swedish-American c) Cajund) Creolee) Tex-Mex

5. Which is an example of a non-material aspect of culture?a) church buildingb) religious decoration c) burning of incense d) an altar

6. Which of the following is the best example of folk food?a) blowfish in Japanb) KFC in China c) McDonald’s French fries in Germany d) Pizza in the United Statese)Hamburgers in the United States

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7. The fact that trends in popular culture (e.g. fashion) proceed from large global centers (Milan, Paris, New York) through a series of progressively smaller cities is an example of a) diffusion. b) migration. c) hierarchical diffusion. d) relative location.

8. The modern game of soccer (football) spread to many parts of the world because of British colonization. This is an example of what type of diffusion?a) expansion diffusion b) contagious diffusionc) hierarchical diffusion. d) relocation diffusione) stimulus diffusion

9. Government efforts to discourage native practice and languages in the United States and Canada were attempts to _____________ native groups. a) segregate b) protectc) eradicate d) assimilate

10. Buying a Native American styled dream catcher at a Wal-Mart store in Ohio is an example of a) cultural appropriation.b) local custom.c) assimilation.d) cultural persistence.

11. Recently, Puerto Ricans living in Spanish Harlem in New York feel themselves challenged by the influx of Mexican immigrants to the neighborhood. This would be an example of the threat of _____________ to an ethnic neighborhood.a) popular culture b) other ethnic groups c) assimilation d) Gentrification

12. Cultural appropriation for purposes of profit (e.g., naming a beer for a Lakota chief) is referred to as an example of a) cultural imperialism. c) ethnic insensitivity. b) commodification. d) product branding.

13. True (A) or False (B) Hip hop music can be found in places such as Indonesia, Italy, and France, in localized versions. This is referred to as reterritorialization.

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[ap human geography][cultural processes]14. Which is not an aspect of cultural landscape convergence? a) globalized architectural forms b) globalization of particular businesses and products c) borrowing of idealized landscape images d) development of regional architectural styles

15. The visible imprint of human activity on the landscape is known as:a) the hand of man.b) urban renewal.c) the cultural landscape.d) sprawl.

16. The process by which the English language diffused throughout India under British colonial rulea) assimilationb) hierarchical diffusionc) expansion diffusiond) stimulus diffusion

17. Which one of the following is the best example of a cultural landscape of pop culture?a) central business district (CBD)b) commercial stripc) Shopping mall d) Buffalo Wild Wingse) bed-and-breakfast

18. The standardization of location that erased cultural variety can result in a) place imageb) popular culturec) folk culture d) placelessnesse) a sense of place

Chapter 05: Identity: Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality

19. A culture’s assumptions about the differences between men and women, their character, roles and divisions of labor are referred to asa) sex.b) prejudice.c) stereotype.d) gender.

20. According to Gillian Ross, “identity” isa) information contained in government issued passports.b) identical to gender.d) how we make sense of ourselves.e) genetically determined.

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[ap human geography][cultural processes]21. Race isa) biologically based.b) socially constructed.c) composed of three major skin color groups.d) the same as culture.

22. Skin color is a matter of pigmentation, a protective element against strong radiation from the sun. The pigment is calleda) dextrose.b) melanin.c) epithelial.d) carotene.

23. Residential segregation in the United States today isa) the result of restrictive state and local laws.b) increasing.c) decreasing.d) a phenomena that has virtually disappeared.

24. In 2000, ________ of Americans categorized themselves as “two or more races.”a) 1%b) 2.4%c) 18.5%d) 47.3%

25. By 2050, approximately ________ of Americans will consider themselves “White alone, Hispanic.”a) 10%b) 20%c) 40%d) 60%

26. In New York, Puerto Ricans moved into the Jewish neighborhood of East Harlem and assumed a dominant presence in the neighborhood. This process is best described as:a) succession.b) residential segregation.c) racism.d) immigration.

27. Ethnicity is a dynamic phenomena and ethnic identity (e.g. Swiss-American ethnicity) is greatly affected bya) racial genetics.b) scale and place.c) religion and language.d) attitude and prejudice.

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[ap human geography][cultural processes]28. Groups in Northern Ireland and gangs in major U.S. cities create “exclusive” areas bya) government programs.b) street names.c) Jim Crow laws.d) graffiti demarcating territories.

29. In 1990 all of the regions showed rising female employment excepta) Middle and South America.b) Southeast Asia.c) East Asia.d) Sub-Saharan Africa.

Chapter 06: Language

30. Belgium is a ___________ speaking country.a) Belgae (a Celtic language)b) Flemish (a Germanic language)c) French (a Romance language)d) both B and C

31. The French government has _________ to protect French language and culture.a) banned foreign words in advertising and on radio and televisionb) established the Académie Française to standardize the languagec) passed a law levying fines on those using foreign termsd) all of the above

32. Hawaii and Louisiana are examples of states witha) no linguistic variation.b) official “English only” policies.c) official bilingual policies.d) no official language policies.

33. A good examples of a monolingual country would bea) Japan b) Canadac) Switzerlandd) South Africae) Turkey

34. In technically advanced societies there is likely to be a) a standard language.b) many basic languages.c) limited expansion of language.d) standard pronunciation.

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[ap human geography][cultural processes]35. Dialects are most often marked by actual differences ina) accents.b) pronunciation.c) vocabulary.d) syntax.

36. In Illinois, people who want a soft drink with their hamburger are likely to order aa) soda.b) pop.c) Coke.d) Pepsi.

37. The most widely used Indo-European language today isa) English.b) German.c) Spanish.d) Chinese.

38. The language most widely used as a second language by hundreds of millions of people in India, Africa and elsewhere isa) Spanish.b) French.c) Arabic.d) English.

39. Latin octo (eight) became Italian otto, Spanish ocho, and French huit. This is an example of ____________ over time in a language family.a) deteriorationb) sound shiftc) dialect developmentd) isogloss shift

40. Two Russian scholars have established the core of what they believe is a pre-Proto-Indo-European language nameda) Nostratic.b) Anatolian.c) Etruscan.d) Austronesian.

41. The language tree diagram of language divergence has some branches with dead ends. These representa) standardized or non-changing languages.b) language subfamilies.c) isolated languages.d) extinct languages.

42. The Proto-Indo-European language homeland lies somewhere north of thea) Mediterranean Sea. b) Baltic Sea.c) Black Sea. d) Sea of Okhotsk.

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[ap human geography][cultural processes]43. The two theories of the Proto-Indo-European language dispersal are the conquest theory anda) the spread of agriculture.b) massive migration.c) extensive trade routes.d) missionary activity.

44. The Indo-European language family prevails on the map of Europe. Which country listed below has a language that is not in the Indo-European family?a) Franceb) Italyc) Icelandd) Hungary

45. Which development helped with the rise of national languages beginning in the fourteenth century?a) invention of the printing pressb) agricultural revolutionc) Celtic migrationsd) fall of the Roman Empire

46. English is to lingua franca as _____________ is to pidgin language.a) Frenchb) Creolec) Portuguesed) Chinese

47. In an attempt to deal with linguistic as well as cultural diversity, many former African colonies have taken as their official languagea) the most widely-spoken indigenous language.b) an Austronesian and therefore neutral language.c) the language of the former colonial power.d) an invented language with no historical connections.

Chapter07: Religion

48. Which of the following is not generally a characteristic of an ethnic religion?a) found in a particular cultureb) always polytheisticc) spatially concentratedd) does not seek outside converts

49. The faith that is most widely dispersed over the world isa) Christianity.b) Islam.c) shamanism.d) Buddhism.

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[ap human geography][cultural processes]50. Sikhism is a small compromise religion that arose from the confrontation between Hinduism anda) Buddhism.b) Islam.c) Christianity.d) British colonial officials.

51. Hinduism has not spread by expansion diffusion in modern times, but at one time it did spread by relocation diffusion as a result ofa) the transportation of Indian workers abroad during the colonial period.b) conquest by military groups.c) forced relocation by Islamic invaders.d) missionary activities overseas.

52. Buddhism thrives in all of the areas listed below excepta) Sri Lanka.b) Nepal and Tibet.c) Korea.d) India.

53. The largest constituency of Christianity isa) Protestant.b) Eastern Orthodox.c) Coptic.d) Roman Catholicism.

54. The youngest major religion isa) Hinduism.b) Judaism.c) Islam.d) Christianity.

55. The rise of secularism and decline of religious membership are found ina) Europe.b) Africa.c) Southwest Asia.d) Southeast Asia.

56. Jerusalem is a sacred place fora) Jews.b) Muslims.c) Christians.d) all of the above

57. The pagoda is the style of building most often associated witha) the Buddhist faith.b) the Jain faith.c) early Islam, prior to the mosque.d) the Parsee faith.

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[ap human geography][cultural processes]58. Where in the US does Roman Catholicism dominate?a) southern New England b) Southwestc) Pacific Northwestd) Southeaste) A and B

59. Which of the following U.S. regional association is incorrect?a) New England—Catholicb) South—Baptistc) Upper Midwest—Lutherand) Southwest—Mormon

60. Which is an example of an intrafaith (boundary) conflict?a) Israel—Palestineb) Former Yugoslaviac) Northern Irelandd) Nigeria

61. Northern Ireland, scene of Catholic-Protestant conflict, was partitioned bya) the United Nations.b) mutual agreement of the two conflicting parties.c) the Catholic Church through a Papal Nuncio.d) Britain.

62. What is the world’s fastest growing religion?a) Christianityb) Hinduism c) Islam d) Judaism e) Buddhism

63. Which of the following is the largest proselytizing religion?a) Christianityb) Hinduism c) Islam d) Judaism e) Buddhism

EXTRA CREDIT on next page. Write on separate sheet of paper!

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[ap human geography][cultural processes]EXTRA CREDIT

Write the answer for these on a separate sheet of paper

1. These photographs (Fig. 4.26a, b,c) illustrate

A. the importance of gondolas in traditional Italian, American, and Chinese cultures.B. folk culture in Europe, North America, and Asia.C. the process of glocalization.D. the diffusion of Italians around the world.E. None of the above.

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[ap human geography][cultural processes]2. This photograph (Fig. 4.9) of Sun City, South Africa

A. celebrates traditional South African culture.B. raises questions about the authenticity of places.C. portrays South Africa as a backward and poor.D. portrays the site as a global place.E. All of the above.

3. This graph (Table 5.2) suggests

A. that the U.S. Census Bureau doesn’t count American Indians.B. that in 2050 the “Asian Alone” population will decline.C. that in 2050 the “Black Alone” population will change significantlyD. that in 2050 the “White, non Hispanic” E. population will no longer be the majority population in the United States.F. All of the above.

4. These charts (Fig. 6.4) 11

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A. indicate that most websites are in Chinese.B. indicate that English and Arabic speakers have the same access to Internet content.C. indicate that most internet users speak either English or Chinese.D. indicate that African languages are well-represented on the Internet.E. indicate that most people can browse Internet content in their native language.

5. This map of the United States (Fig. 6.5)

A. shows where Spanish is spoken.B. shows where English has been declared the official language.C. suggests the cultural diversity of the country.D. suggests how schools in different places educate their children.E. None of the above.

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6. This illustration (Fig. 6.9) indicates that English

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A. is related to Frisian.B. is related to German.C. is related to Dutch.D. is more closely related to Swedish than to Bulgarian.E. All of the above.7. This map (Fig. 7.3) suggests that –

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A. not many pigs are raised in India.B. Indonesians cannot afford to eat pork.C. Hindus living in China are not behaving correctly.D. religions set standards for how adherents “should” behave.E. All of the above.

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8. This figure (Fig. 7.5) suggests that

A. Islam’s hearth is near the Yellow River.

B. Islam and

Christianity have nothing in common.C. Islam was created directly from Greek philosophy.D. Islam was influenced by Judaism and Greek philosophy.E. Islam is the only major religion to have a second-stage revolution.

9. This map (Fig. 7.16) indicates that

A. Islam spread into southeastern Europe under the influence of the Ottoman Empire.B. Islam’s hearth is in the Arabian Peninsula.C. Muslim travelers spread Islam to East Africa and Indonesia.D. by 1600, Islam had spread across the entire Sahara.E. All of the above.

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