HOMEWORK # 7

PART 3PHARMACEUTICAL TERMINOLOGY

Complex denominations of medicines:(most complex terms have an ending -um , many have suffix+ending: -in-um )

Meanings: a) chemical structure / source / components of the medicine; b) pharmacological effect – which part of body it ails; c) pharmacological effect – what disease it ails.

Pharmaceutical word components:

-(a)zep(am)-(um) diazepam derivatives(di)ur- diuretic (promotes the production of urine)-(o)estr- estrogens – female hormones-aesthes- anesthetic-alg- (Gr.), -(a)dol-(um)

analgesic, relieving pain

-aller(g)- antiallergenic-as-(um) enzyme-astin-(um) antihistaminic substances (inhibit the action of histamine)-barb- hypnotics, barbiturates-cain-(um) local anesthetic-cep(h)-, -cef- antibiotics of Cephalosporium group-chol-, -bil-

cholagogic, cholagogue, that promotes the flow of bile

-cid- antimicrobial-cillin-(um) antibiotics of penicillins-cor(d)-, -card(i)- (Gr.)

for heart, cardiotonic, dilating coronary vessels

-cort(ic)- corticosteroids – adrenocortical hormones (hormones produced by the cortex of suprarenal gland – the salivary gland of the belly)

-cut(i)-, -derm- (Gr.)

against skin diseases

-cyclin- antibiotics – derivatives of tetracyclines-fem-, -gyn- (Gr.)

for gynecological deseases

-gly-, -gli- hypoglycemic sulfonamides, lowering glucose levels-hypn- (Gr.), -dorm-

hypnotics, normalizing sleep

-io(d)- containing iodine-lax- laxatives, relaxing-mycin-(um) antimicrobial antibiotics from Streptomyces fungi-myco- (Gr.), -fung-

antifungal

-nas-, -r(h)in- (Gr.)

for nose diseases

noct-, nox- hypnotics, normalizing sleep

-oc(u)-, -ok- (Lat.) for eye diseases -opht(h)(alm)-, -oft-, -opt(ic)-

(Gr.) for eye diseases

-ot- (Gr.) for ear diseases phosph- containing phosphoruspraegn- for pregnant women-pres(s)-, -ten(s)- (Gr.)

hypotensive, normalazing pressure

-prost- prostaglandins-pyr- antipyretic, against fever-sed- sedative, calming-sept- antiseptic, preventing infection by inhibiting the growth of infectious agentsspasm- against spasmodic contraction of the muscles-stat- enzyme (ferment) inhibitors-sulfa- antimicrobial sulfonamides-test-, -ster-, -vir-, -andr- (Gr.)

androgenic steroids – male hormones

-thyr- affecting thyroid function-trast--gnost--graf-, graph-

diagnostic, radiodense (radiodiagnostic), for X-ray examination

-vas-, -ang(i)- (Gr.)

vasodilators (widening blood vessels), antispasmodic

-verin-(um) spasmolytic, muscle relaxant vin- plant Vinca (periwinkle) alkaloids-vir- antiviral-vit- multivitamins

Chemical components:

-(a)zol-, -(a)zin-, -(a)zid-, -az-

containing nitrogen

hydr- the presense of hydrogen or water Hydrocortisonumhydrochloridum

ox(y)- the presense of oxygen Oxolinumperoxydum

phthor- fluorine and its chemical combinations Phthoracizinum, Phthorothanumsulf- containing sulfur atom Sulfadimezinumthi- substituting sulfur atom Thiaminum, Thiopentalum,

Thiophosphamidum

meth- presense of methyl groupaeth- presense of ethyl groupphen- presense of phenyl groupbenz- presense of benzene group

Medicines & remedies – generic names:( pay attention to the word components, their meaning and spelling )

Adrenalinum, i n adrenalin(e), epinephrineAethylmorphinum, i n aethylmorphin(e)Amidopyrinum, i n amidopyrin(e)Aminazinum, i n aminazin, (=chlorpromazine)Anaesthesinum, i n anaesthesin, (=benzocaine)Barbamylum, i n barbamylBarbitalum-natrium, i n barbital sodiumBenzylpenicillinum, i n benzylpenicillinBromisovalum, i n bromisovalChinosolum, i n chinosolCodeinum, i n codeineCorazolum, i n corazolCordigitum, i n cordigitDesoxycorticosteronum, i n desoxycorticosteroneDiazepamum, i n diazepamDibazolum, i n dibazolDimedrolum, i n dimedrolum, (=diphenhydramine)Diprophyllinum, i n diprophylline, diphyllineErythromycinum, i n erythromycinEuphyllinum, i n euphyllineFuracilinum, i n furacilin, (=nitrofural)Furazolidonum, i n furazolidoneHydrocortisonum, i n hydrocortisone, cortisolIchthyolum, i n ichthyolLincomycinum, i n lincomycinMethyloestradiolum, i n methyl estradiolMorphinum, i n morphineNitroglycerinum, i n nitroglycerin(e), glyceryl trinitrateNorsulfazolum, i n norsulfazolNovocainum, i n novocaine, procaineOleandomycinum, i n oleandomycinOxacillinum, i n oxacillinPhenacetinum, i n phenacetinPhenazepamum, i n phenazepamPhenobarbitalum, i n phenobarbitalPhenoxymethylpenicillinum, i n

phenoxymethylpenicillin

Phthoracizinum, i n phthoracizinPilocarpinum, i n pilocarpinePlatyphyllinum, i n platyphyllinStreptocīdum, i n streptocid, (=sulfanilamide)Sulfacylum, i n sulfacyl, (=sulfacetamide)Sulfadimezinum, i n sulfadimezin, (=sulfadimidine,

sulfamethazine)Synoestrōlum, i n synestrol

Synthomycinum, i n synthomycine, (=chloramphenicol)Talcum, i n talcum, talcTetracyclinum, i n tetracyclineTheobrominum, i n theobromineTheophyllinum, i n theophyllineThiaminum, i n thiamin(e), vitamine B1

Validolum, i n validol(um)Vaselinum , i n vaselineVinylinum, i n vinylin

NB:Camphŏra, ae f camphorCoffeinum-natrii benzoas, Coffeini-natrii benzoatis m

caffeine sodium benzoate

Magnesia, ae f magnesia = magnesium oxide = MgOMethylii calicylas (ātis) m methyl salicylatePhenylii salicylas (ātis) m phenyl salicylate, (=salol)Chloroformium, i n chloroformXeroformium, i n xeroform

Forms of medicines:

Aёrosōlum, i n aerosolCapsula, ae f capsuleDecoctum, i n decoctionDragée (Fr.) grageeEmplastrum, i n plaster, patchEmulsum, i n emulsionExtractum, i n extractGranulum, i n granuleGutta, ae f dropInfūsum, i n infusion (on water)Linimentum, i n liniment (liquid oinment)mixtura, ae f mixturePasta, ae f pastePilŭla, ae f pilulePulvis, ĕris m powderSirŭpus, i m (medicinalis)

syrup (medicinal)

Solutio, ōnis f solutionSpecies, ēi f (usually Pl.: Species, ērum)

species (medicinal mixture of dryed plants, used for making decoctions, infusions, or tea)

Suppositorium, i n suppositorySuspensio, ōnis f suspensionTabuletta, ae f pill, tabletTinctūra, ae f tincture (on alcohol)Unguentum, i n oinment, unguent

Forms of medicines – complex terms:

Capsula amylacea starch capsule Capsula gelatinosa gelatin capsuleExtractum fluĭdum liquid extractExtractum siccum dry extractExtractum spissum viscous extractSuppositorium (rectale) (rectal) suppositorySuppositorium vaginale vaginal suppositoryTabuletta obducta coated pill

Species – herbal blends:

species amārae bitter speciesspecies antiasthmaticae antiasthmatic speciesspecies cholagōgae cholagogic species (improving bile function)species diureticae diuretic species (improving urine function)species laxatīvae (laxantes) laxative (purgative) species (improving bowel function)species pectorales pectoral speciesspecies sedatīvae sedative (calming) species

b) Translate:

2. Analyze the following names of drugs, giving the meanings of the marked CF:

Baralginum Phenobarbitalum Prodormol Allochol Enteroseptolum Capotenum Pharyngoseptum Seduxenum Metasteron Pananginum Aminocainum Synthomycinum Diuretin Cardiovalenum Protandren Teletrast Theophyllin Eunoctin Endografin Lasolvan Bifungin Guttalax Oxytetracyclinum Alfavit Somnopax

HOMEWORK # 8

Words used in pharmacology:

ampulla, ae f ampoule, ampuleamylum, i n starchantidŏtum, i n antidote, antitoxin, antipoisonaqua, ae f waterbutyrum, i n butter (solid)

cera, ae f waxcharta, ae f paperdies, ēi m,f daydosis, is f (Gr.) doseinjectio, ōnis f injectionjecur, ŏris n liver (of water animals and fishes)medicamentum, i n medicine, drugnarcōsis, is f narcosisnuměrus, i m numberoleum, i n oilpraescriptio, ōnis f prescriptionremedium, i n remedyserum, i n serumspirĭtus, us m alcohol (functional group -OH)succus, i m juiceusus, us m usevenēnum, i n toxinvitaminum, i n vitaminvitrum, i n glass, test-tube, glass bottle

Phrases with pharmaceutical meaning:

aqua destillata distilled watercharta (ae f) cerata (ae f) wax paperdosis maxĭma maximal dosedosis media = dosis therapeutĭca

therapeutic (medium) dose

dosis minĭma minimal dosedosis toxĭca toxic dosepix (picis f) liquĭda (ae f) (wood) tarspiritus aethylicus ethyl/pure alcohol, ethanol

Oils:

oleum Amygdalarum almond oiloleum Helianthi sunflower oiloleum jecŏris (Aselli) cod (fish) liver oiloleum Olivarum olive oil (salad oil)Oleum Persicorum peach(-kernel) oilOleum Ricĭni castor oil, caster oiloleum Terebinthinae (wood) turpentine, spirit/oil of turpentineoleum/butyrum Cacao cocoa butter, theobroma oil

Remedies produced from plants:

Terebinthīna, ae f resin, gal(l)ipot, yellow/white pitch

Atropinum, i n atropineCacāo (indecl.) cacao, cocoaCoffeinum, i n caffeineEphedrinum, i n ephedrineGlucosum, i n glucoseMentholum, i n mentholPapaverinum, i n papaverineRutinum, i n rutinSacchărum, i n sugarStrychninum, i n strychnine

Remedies (from plants) - phrases:

Amylum (i n) Tritĭci wheat starchpix liquĭda Betŭlae birch tar/pitch

Verbs:

(-o – present tense 1st person Sg.; -re – active infinitive of present tense)curo, are to curedo, are to givesigno, are to designatesterilĭso, are to sterilize

misceo, ēre to mixsalveo, ēre to be in good health (also used for greeting)valeo, ēre to be strong (also used for saying good bye)

addo, ĕre to addrepĕto, ĕre to repeatverto, ĕre to twirl, rotate, turn

finio, ire to finish, end, complete

NB:fio, fiěri to becomerecipio, ĕre to take, to recieve

Verbs - conjugation:

Vocabulary forms: -o – 1 person Sg. (I do); -re – infinitive (to do).Conjugation groups: -āre – 1st group; -ēre – 2nd group; -ěre – 3rd group; -īre – 4th group.Roots of verbs: 1st group - ____ā-re; 2nd group - ____ē-re; 3rd group - ____-ě-re; 4th group - ____ī-re.

Imperative: (Sg.: Do! (addressed to one person); (One of you,) do (smth.)!; Pl.: Do! (addressed to more than one person); (Many of you,) do (smth.)!)

Singularis Pluralis1st group ____ā ____ā-te2nd group ____ē ____ē-te3rd group ____-ě ____-ĭ-te4th group ____ī ____ī-terecipio, ĕre recĭpe recipĭtefio, ĕri fi fite

Conjunctive: (Active: Let him do – Sg., Let them do – Pl.; Passive: Let it (this) be done – Sg., Let these (things) be done – Pl.)

Suffixes: Active, Sg. Active, Pl. Passive, Sg. Passive, Pl.1st group* ____ā ____-ē -t -nt -tur -ntur2nd group ____ē ____ē -ā -t -nt -tur -ntur3rd group ____ ____-ā -t -nt -tur -ntur4th group ____ī ____ī -ā -t -nt -tur -nturrecipio, ĕre recipi-ā -t -nt -tur -nturfio, ĕri fi-a -t -nt --- ---*NB: for conjunctive the verbs of the 1st group loose the “a” at the end of the root!

Note: in prescriptions passive forms can be translated also as follows:Sg. – To do! (= Let it be done); Pl. – To do! (= Let these (things) be done))

Standard prescription formulas:

Latin English Latin EnglishDa. Signa. Give! Designate! Detur. Signētur. Let it be given, designated!

(To give! To designate!) (about a medicament as a whole)

Misce. Da. Signa. Mix! Give! Designate!

Misceātur. Detur. Signētur.

Let it be mixed, given, designated! (To mix! To give! To designate!)

Sterilĭsa! Sterilize! Sterilisētur! Let it be sterilized!(To sterilize!)

Repĕte! Repeat! Repetātur! Let it be repeated! (To repeat!)Da tales doses. Give such doses. Dentur tales doses. Let such doses be given.

(To give such doses!)

Divide in partes aequales

Divide in equal parts.

Misce, (ut) fiat …. Mix in order to obtain …. / Mix, so that it becomes ….Verte! Turn! (if the prescription is written on both sides of the paper)

Misce, (ut) fiat pulvis. Mix in order to obtain powder. / Mix, so that it becomes powder.Misce, (ut) fiat emulsum.

Mix in order to obtain emulsion. / Mix, so that it becomes emulsion.

Misce, (ut) fiat linimentum.

Mix in order to obtain liquid oinment. / Mix, so that it becomes liquid oinment.

Misce, (ut) fiat pasta. Mix in order to obtain paste. / Mix, so that it becomes paste.

Misce, (ut) fiat suppositorium.

Mix in order to obtain suppository. / Mix, so that it becomes suppository.

Misce, (ut) fiat unguentum.

Mix in order to obtain oinment. / Mix, so that it becomes oinment.

NB:Misce, (ut) fiant species. Mix in order to obtain species. / Mix, so that it becomes species.

Adverbs and conjunctions:

ad up toana of each (equal quantities of)aut or (for excluding one another concepts) bis two times / a second timeCito! quickly! (for urgent prescriptions)quantum satis as (much as) needed, a sufficient quantityseu or (for synonyms)Statim! at once, immediately! (for urgent prescriptions)ter three times / a third time

1. Make the forms of Imperative and conjunctive and translate them into English : Signare, dare, sterilisare, curare, miscēre, repetĕre, adhibēre (to apply), vivĕre, salvēre, valēre, finire, audire (to listen), nutrire (to feed), recipĕre, fiĕri, refrigerare (to refrigerate), praeparare (to prepare), (con)servare (to conserve), formare (to form), continēre (to contain), extrahĕre (to extract), solvĕre (to dissolve), vertĕre (to turn), coquĕre (to cook), terĕre (to grind), addĕre (to add), linire (to spread (like butter)), dividĕre (to divide),

2. T ranslate into Latin : Give 20 grams of tetracyclin oinment, quickly prepare 10 ml of camphor oil, let pills of validol be grinded, let him mix 20 grams of bitter species, let them dissolve 20 grams of sedative species, let them designate 20 ml of solution of wood tar and distilled water.

3. T ranslate into English : Det emplastrum Vaselini, formentur granula, coque 20 ml sirupi medicinalis, miscete 25,0 extracti sicci et 20 ml extracti fluidi, tabulettae obductae statim adhibeantur, repetatur ter, liniat 20,0 olei Persicorum, sterilisa!

HOMEWORK # 9

Organs of plants:

bacca, ae f berrycortex, ĭcis m barkflos, oris m blossom, flowerfolium, i n leaffructus, us m fruitgemma, ae f bud, gemmaherba, ae f herb (grass – green parts of a plant)pix, picis f resinradix, īcis f rootrhizōma, ătis n rhizome, rootstocksemen, ĭnis n seedstirps, rpis f stem, trunk

Plants:

Absinthium, i n absinthium, (absinthe / common / grand) wormwood, green gingerAloё, ёs f aloeAlthaea, ae f marshmallow plant, althaeaAmygdăla, ae f almond (seed)Anīsum, i n anise, aniseedBelladonna, ae f deadly nightshade, belladonna, dwaleBetula, ae f birchCalendula, ae f marigold, calendulaChamomilla, ae f (wild) c(h)amomile, mayweed, Chelidonium, i n celandineConvallaria, ae f lily of the valleyCrataegus, i f whitehorn, hawthorn, thornapple, May-tree, hawberryDigitālis, is f foxglove, digitalis, finger-flowerEquisētum, i n equisetum, horsetail, snake grass, puzzlegrass, candock, scouring-rushEucalyptus, i f eucalyptus, gum-treeFarfăra, ae f coltsfoot, foal’s foot, farfara,Foeniculum, i n fennelFrangŭla, ae f buckthornGalanthus, i m snowdropHelianthus, i m sunflowerHippophaё, es f sea-buckthornHyperīcum, i n St. John’s wort, hypericum, tutsanLedum, i n Labrador teaLeonūrus, i m motherwort, leonurusLiquiritia, ae f =Glycyrrhīza, ae f

liquorice, licorice

Mentha, ae f mintMillefolium, ii n (common) yarrow, milfoil, gordaldo, nosebleed plant, old man's pepper,

devil's nettle, sanguinary, soldier's woundwort, thousand-leaf, thousand-seal

Olīva, ae f oliveOrigănum, i n origanum, oregano, wild marjoramPersĭcum, i n peach (fruit)Pinus, i f pine, pine-treePlantāgo, ĭnis f plantain, fleawortQuercus, us f (dat.,abl.pl. -ŭbus)

oak

Rheum, i n rhubarb, pieplantRicĭnus, i m castor oil plant, palmcrist, palm of Christ, palma ChristiRosa, ae f wild roseSalvia, ae f sage, salviaSchizandra, ae f schizandra, five flavor berrySenna, ae f sennaStrophanthus, i m strophanthusStrychnos, i f strychnine tree, nux vomica, poison nut, quaker buttonsTaraxăcum, i n dandelionThermopsis, ĭdis f thermopsos, goldenbannerTormentilla, ae f (common) tormentil, septfoilTritĭcum, i n wheatUrtīca, ae f (stinging) nettleValeriana, ae f valerianViburnum, i n snowball tree, guelder rose, cramp bark,

Plants - phrases:

Adōnis (ĭdis) vernalis (is) f (spring/yellow) pheasant’s eye, false helleboreHelichrysum (i n) arenarium dwarf everlast, (sandy) immortelleMentha (ae f) piperita peppermint

b) Translate:

(1) Recipe: Sirupi Rhei 30 mlDa. Signa:

(2) Recipe: Gemmarum Pini 100,0Da.Signa:

(3) Recipe: Tincturae Menthae 5 ml.Tincturae Convallariae 15 ml

Misceatur. Detur.Signetur:

(4) Recipe: Emulsi olei Persicorum 200 mlDetur.Signetur:

(5) Recipe: Infusi foliorum Salviae 20,0 - 200 mlDa. Signa:

(6) Recipe: Extracti Belladonnae fluidiExtracti Absinthii fluidi ana 25 mlMisce. Da.Signa:

(1) Take: 200 ml of decoction of oak barkTo sterilize!To give! To designate!

(4) Take: 20 grams of grass of St. John’s wort15 grams of ox - eye daisy (= chamomile) flowers30 grams of sage leaves10 grams of mint leavesMix, in order to obtain species.Give! Designate!

(6) Take: 2 ml of gum-tree (= eucalyptus) oil8 ml of refined turpentine (oil)Mix! Give! Designate!

HOMEWORK # 10

Accusative and Ablative cases: (m,f / n)(Acc. – direct object – to see whom/what ;

Abl. – different circumstances – e.g. by/with what, of what quality, etc. )

1 decl. 2 decl. 3-a decl. 3-b decl. 3-c decl. 3 decl. – adj.

4 decl. 5 decl.

Ac.S.* am um / um em / =N.S. em / =N.S. im / =N.S. em / =N.S. um / u emAc.P.* as os / a es / a es / a es / ia es / ia us / ua esAb.S. a o e e i i u eAb.P. is is ĭbus** ĭbus ĭbus ĭbus ĭbus ebus

adj.compar.degreeAc.S.* ōrem / usAc.P.* ōres / ōraAb.S. ōreAb.P. ōribus

* The rule of neutral gender: Ac.S. = N.S.; Ac.P. = N.P. = a.

** The words that end in N.S. in -ma (e.g. zygoma) have Ab.P. in -is (zygomatis)

Adjectives:

aequālis, e equalaetherĕus, a, um etherealaethylicus, a, um ethylalbus, a, um whiteamarus, a, um bitteramylacĕus, a, um starch (adj.), starchyantiasthmaticus, a, um antasthmatic, anti-asthmaaquōsus, a, um aqueous, (containing) water (adj.) (used for tinctures)cholagōgus, a, um cholagogic (improving bile function)сomposĭtus, a, um composite, complexconcentratus, a, um concentrateddepuratus, a, um depurated (used with Sulfur)destillatus, a, um distilleddilūtus, a, um dilutedflavus, a, um yellowfluĭdus, a, um fluid (used for extracts)gastricus, a, um gastricgelatinosus, a, um gelatinousisotonicus, a, um isotonicliquĭdus, a, um liquid (NOT for extracts)obductus, a, um coated (of pills)oleosus, a, um oilyophthalmicus, a, um ophthalmicpraecipitatus, a, um precipitatedpurificatus, a, um putified (used with serum)purus, a, um pure, cleanrectificatus, a, um rectified (used with oleum Terebinthinae and spiritus), refinedsiccus, a, um drysolubĭlis, e solublespirituosus, a, um alcoholicspissus, a, um dense, viscoussterilisatus, a, um sterilizedtalis, e suchvivus, a, um alive

b) Decline and translate all forms:

spirituous tincture, bitter seed, vaginal suppository, rectal suppository, yellow paste, dry extract, fluid extract, red berry, simple plaster, grey powder, water infusion,dense syrup, bitter mixture, white flower, water solution, oily emulsion, dry fruit, gastric species, bigger drop, smaller rootstock.

(1) Take: 2 grams of Imanin 20 grams of StreptocidMix, in order to obtain powder.To give! To designate!

(2) Take: 100 ml of Vaselin oil 2 drops of mint oilTo mix! To give! To designate!

(4) Take: 5 ml of solution of Dibazol To sterilize! To give! To designate!

(6) Take: Equal quantities of 10 ml of lily-of-the-valley tincture and valerian tinctureNitroglycerin solution 1% 1 ml2 ml of ValidolLet it be mixed, given, designated.

(7) Take: Coated tablets of Tetracyclin 0,25Let such doses be given 20 in number.Let it be designated.

HOMEWORK # 11

Prepositions:

Latin English ExamplesWith accusativead to, for, until, up to ad 20,0 up to 20 grams

ad usum internum for internal use

ad decubitum for bedsorescontra against contra tussim against coughinter between inter costas between the ribsper through, by, by means of per os by mouth, orally

per inhalationem by inhalationpost after post mortem after deathWith ablativecum with cum extracto with extracte, ex aut of, from ex aqua out of waterpro for pro injectionibus for injectionsWith accusative and ablativein (+ acc.) into (where to? - direction) in vitrum into the bottlein (+ abl.) in (where? – place) in vitro in the bottlesub (+ acc.) under (where to? - direction) sub linguam under the tonguesub (+ abl.) under (where? – place) sub lingua under the tongue

Expressions with prepositions:

ad usum externum to use externally, for external usead usum internum to use internally, for internal useex tempŏre at the time, as the necessity arises, as requiredin ampullis in ampulesin capsulis in capsulesin capsulis gelatinosis in gelatine capsulesin oblatis in wafers / cachets / starch capsulesin tabulettis in pills / tabletsin tabulettis obductis in coated pillsin talulettis in pills, in tabletsin vitro in the laboratory, in vitroin vitro nigro in a dark bottle, in dark glassin vivo in vivo, in natural conditionsmassa pilularum pill massnumero in … quantity, … in numberper inhalationem by inhalationper os by mouth, orallyper rectum rectallyper se per se, in pure formpro auctore ( pro me) for the author (for me) (if a doctor writes a prescription for himself)pro die daily dosage, dose for one daypro dosi for one dosepro infantibus for childrenpro inhalatione for inhalationpro injectionibus for injectionspro narcosi for narcosis, for anesthesiapro r(o)entgeno for X-ray

1. Translate the word combinations into Latin (paying attention to the prepositions) : dry extract of buckthorn clean (pure) water pine buds paste in waxed paper vitamins in coated tablets concentrated birch juice gastric tablets with extract of (bitter)

wormwood white starch gastric mixture with thousand-leaf grass (herb) tincture from gum-tree (= eucalyptus) leaves

2. Translate the word combinations into Latin ( giving the meanings of the marked CF ):

rectal suppositories with Dimedrol for children drops of Corvalol Streptocid in powder dry Haematogen in waxed paper eye drops with Riboflavin solution of Ephedrin in ampoules for injections tablets of Validol with Glucose solution of Aminazin in ampoules for intramuscular injections liniment from castor oil and Xeroform fluid solution of Corglycon in ampoules spirituous solution of Menthol dilute solution of Strophanthin for intravenous injections rectal suppositories with Ichthyol ear drops with Glycerin and Phenol water solution of Nitrofural for local use rectal suppositories with dry extract of belladonna, Novocain and Anaesthesin

3. Translate the word combinations into Latin ( paying attention to the cases ): Give the antidote against the toxin, let the antidote be given, (many of you) add water into the glass-bottle, let the decoctions from the bitter herbal blend be sterilized in a glass-bottle, sterilize the skin with the help of alcohol, turn the paper, turn 10 papers,

HOMEWORK # 12

Chemical elements

Al Aluminium, i n aluminiumAg Argentum, i n silverAs Arsenicum, i n arsenicAu Aurum, i n goldBr Bromum, i n bromineBa Barium, i n bariumBi Bismuthum, i n bismuthC Carboneum, i n carbonCa Calcium, i n calciumCl Chlorum, i n chlorineCu Cuprum, i n copperF Fluorum, i n (Lat.) =

Phthorum, i n (Gr.)fluorine

Fe Ferrum, i n ironH Hydrogenium, i n hydrogenHg Hydrargyrum, i n = Mercurium, i n mercury, quicksilver, hydrargyrum

I Iodum, i n iodineK Kalium, i n = Potassium, i n potassiumLi Lithium, i n lithiumMg Magnesium, i n = Magnium, i n magnesiumMn Mangănum, i n manganeseN Nitrogenium, i n nitrogenNa Natrium, i n = Sodium, i n sodiumO Oxygenium, i n oxygenPb Plumbum, i n lead, plumbumP Phosphŏrus, i m phosphorusS Sulfur, ŭris n sulfur, brimstoneSi Silicium, i n siliconZn Zincum, i n [cinkum] zinc

Oxids

oxydum, i n oxid ZnO – Zinci oxydumperoxydum, i n peroxide H2O2 – Hydrogenii peroxydumhydroxydum, i n hydroxide Al(OH)2 – Aluminii hydroxydum

Words with chemical meaning:

acĭdum, i n acidaether, ěris m ether (simple), ester (composite)

glycerophosphas, ātis m glycerophosphatehydrotartras, atis m hydrotartratethiosulfas, atis m thiosulfate

Acids

Latin English Explanation Example-ĭc-um -ic strong acid ac. sulfur-ic-um sulfuric acid

organic acid ac. barbitur-ic-um barbituric acidac. fol-ic-um folic acid

-ōs-um -ous weak acid ac. sulfur-os-um sulfurous acidac. nitr-os-um nitrous acid

hydro-…-ĭc-um hydro-…-ic oxygen-free acid ac. hydro-brom-ic-um hydrobromic acid

Acids from elements with 4 degrees of oxidation:Latin English Explanation Exampleper-…-ĭc-um per-…-ic the strongest degree ac. per-chlor-ic-um…-ĭc-um …-ic ac. chlor-ic-um…-ōs-um …-ous ac. chlor-os-umhypo-…-ōs-um hypo-…-ous the weakest degree ac. hypo-chlor-os-um

Examples:H2SO4 ac. sulfuricum sulfuric acidHNO3 ac. nitricum nitric acidH2SO3 ac. sulfurosum sulfurous acidHNO2 ac. nitrosum nitrous acidHClO4 ac. perchloricum perchloric acidHClO3 ac. chloricum chloric acidHClO2 ac. chlorosum chlorous acidHClO ac. hypochlorosum hypochlorous acidHCL ac. hydrochloricum hydrochloric acidHI ac. hydroiodicum hydroiodic acidHCN ac. hydrocyanicum hydrocyanic acidH2S ac. hydrosulfuricum hydrogen sulfide

Acids:

acĭdum aceticum acetic acid CH3COOHacĭdum acetylsalicylicum (Aspirinum)

acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin C9H8O4

acĭdum arsenicosum arsenious acid H3AsO3

acĭdum arsenicum arsenic acid H3AsO4

acĭdum ascorbinicum ascorbic acid C6H8O6

acĭdum barbituricum barbituric acid H2CCONHCONHCOacĭdum benzoicum benzoic acid C6H5COOHacĭdum butyricum butyric/butanoic acid CH3CH2CH2COOHacĭdum carbolicum carbolic acid C6H5OHacĭdum carbonicum carbonic acid H2CO3

acĭdum chloricum chloric acid HClO3acĭdum citricum citric acid C3H4(OH)(COOH)3

acĭdum folicum folic acid C19H19N7O6

acĭdum formicicum formic acid HCOOHacĭdum glutaminicum glutamic acid C2H9O4Nacĭdum hydrochloricum hydrochloric acid HClacĭdum hydrocyanicum hydrocyanic acid HCNacĭdum hydrosulfuricum hydrogen sulfide H2Sacĭdum lacticum lactic acid CH3CH(OH)COOHacĭdum lipoicum lipoic acid C8H14O2S2

acĭdum nicotinicum nicotinic acid C6H5O2Nacĭdum nitricum nitric acid HNO3

acĭdum nitrosum nitrous acid HNO2

acĭdum nucleinicum nucleic acid DNA, RNAacĭdum oleĭcum oleic acid C17H33COOHacĭdum oxalicum oxalic acid H2C2O4

acĭdum phosphoricum phosphoric acid H3PO4

acĭdum salicylicum salicylic acid C6H4(OH)COOH

acĭdum succinicum succinic acid C4H6O4

acĭdum sulfuricum sulfuric acid H2SO4

acĭdum sulfurosum sulfurous acid H2SO3

acĭdum tartaricum tartaric acid C2H2(OH)2(COOH)2

Make the names of oxides from the following elements:aluminium, silver, arsenic, gold, bromine, barium, bismuth, carbon, calcium, chlorine, copper, iron, hydrogen, mercury/quicksilver, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, nitrogen, sodium, lead, phosphorus, brimstone, silicon, zinc, peroxides:barium, calcium, chlorine, copper, hydrogen, mercury/quicksilver, potassium, lithium, magnesium, sodium, zinc, hydroxids:aluminium, silver, barium, bismuth, calcium, copper, iron, hydrogen, potassium, lithium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, lead, zinc,

Make the names of strong acids from the following:arsenic, bromine, carbon, manganese, nitrogen, phosphorus, brimstone, Make the names of weak acids from the following:arsenic, bromine, nitrogen, brimstone, Make the names of oxygen-free acids from the following:bromine, nitrogen, Make the names of all acids from the following:chlorine,

Translate:(7) Take: Tablets of valerian extract

Let such doses be given number 20.Let it be designated.

(8) Take: Suppositories with dry extract of belladonna number 6Give! Designate!

(10) Take: 100 ml of ether for narcosisLet it be given in dark glassLet it be designated.

(11) Take: Equal quantities of 10 ml of lily-of-the-valley tincture and valerian tincture10 drops of mint oil Let it be mixed, given, designated.

(12) Take: 120 ml of emulsion of castor oilLet such doses be given number 10 in capsulesLet it be designated.

Take: 0.6 grams of benzoic acid0.3 grams of salicylic acid10 grams of vaselineMix, so that it becomes oinment.Give! Designate:

Take: 0.6 grams of yellow guicksilver oxide0.8 grams of Ichthyol20.0 grams of zinc oinmentMix, so that it becomes oinment.Give! Designate:

HOMEWORK # 13

SaltsAnions:Latin English Explanation Example-as, ātis m -ate salts from oxyacids

(oxoacids)*(from strong acids - -ic-)

sulfas, atis m sulfate

-is, ītis m -ite *(from weak acids - -os-)

sulfis, itis m sulfite

-ĭdum, i n -ide salts from oxygen-free acids

sulfidum, i n sulfide

sub- sub- basic salts (alkali salts)

subgallas, atis m

subgallate

hydro- hydro- acid salts hydrocarbonas, atis m

hydrocarbonate

Examples:Magnii sulfas magnesium sulfate Mg2SO4

Natrii nitris sodium nitrite NaNO2

Natrii hydrocarbonas sodium hydrocarbonate NaHCO3

Platyphyllini hydrotartras

platyphyllin hydrotartrate

Bismuthi subnitras basic bismuth nitrate BiONO3

Hydrargyri cyanidum mercury cyanide Hg(CN)2

Cocaini Hydrochloridum

Cocaine hydrochloride C17H21NO4

Salts from acids from elements with 4 degrees of oxidation:salt - Latin salt - English acid - Latin

NaClO4 Natrii perchloras sodium perchlorate ac. perchloricum HClO4

NaClO3 Natrii chloras sodium chlorate ac. chloricum HClO3

NaClO2 Natrii chloris sodium chlorite ac. chlorosum HClO2

NaClO Natrii hypochloris sodium hypochlorite ac. hypochlorosum HClO

Hydrocarbons and radicals

formula Latin English formula Latin EnglishCH4 methanum methane CH3 methylium methylC2H6 aethanum aethane C2H5 aethylium aethylC3H8 propanum propane C3H7 propylium propylC4H10 butanum butane C4H9 butylium butylC5H12 pentanum pentane C5H11 pentylium pentylC6H14 hexanum hexane C6H13 hexylium hexylC7H16 heptanum heptane C7H15 heptylium heptylC8H18 octanum octane C8H17 octylium octylC9H20 nonanum nonane C9H19 nonylium nonylC10H22 decanum decane C10H21 decylium decyl

Hydrocarbon radicals

Latin English Translation Example explanation-yl- -yl- Benzylpenicillinum benzylpenicillin the radical is part

of a complex wordAethylmorphinum ethylmorphineac. acetylsalicylicum acetylsalicylic acis

-yl-i-(um) -yl Methylii salicylas methyl salicylate the radical is a part of an ester a phrase

Phenylii salicylas phenyl salicylate Amylii nitris amyl nitrite

Ethers (simple) and esters (complex)

Esters (complex):a phrase (--ylii --as/-is): a phrase (--yl --ate/-ite):

Amylii nitris amyl nitriteMethylii salicylas methyl salicylateAethylii acetas ethyl acetateEthers (simple):a phrase with an adjective (aether --ylicus): a phrase (--yl ether):Aether dimethylicus dimethyl etherAether diaethylicus diethyl ether

Make the names of anions from the following acids:acidum arsenicum, acidum bromicum, acidum carbonicum, acidum manganicum, acidum arsenicosum, acidum bromosum, acidum hydrobromicum, acidum citricum, acidum benzoicum, acidum oxalicum,Translate into Latin the names of anions (in Nom. & Gen.):nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, nitrite, sulfite, nitride, lactate, acetate, Make the names of anions from all acids from the following element:chlorine, From which acids were made the following anions:butyras, hydrocarbonas, subnitras, iodidum,Make the names of radicals from the following names of hydrocarbons (e.g., methanum – methylium, aethanum – aethylium):propanum, butanum, pentanum, octanum, decanum,Translate the names of salts:Lithii nitras, Natrii nitras, Barii nitras, Magnii nitras, Hydrargyri nitras, Ferri nitras, Natrii nitris, Plumbi nitris, Lithii chloridum, Natrii chloridum, Barii chloridum, Magnii chloridum, Mangani chloridum, Hydrargyri chloridum, Ferri chloridum, Lithii sulfidum, Natrii sulfidum, Lithii sulfis, Natrii silfis, Lithii sulfas, Natrii sulfas, Translate the names of salts:potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, calcium nitrate, zinc nitrate, Mangani nitrate, copper nitrate, lead nitrate, aluminium nitrate, sodium nitrite, silver nitrite, potassium chloride, silver chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride, copper chloride, lead chloride, aluminium chloride, potassium sulfide, silver sulfide, potassium sulfite, silver sulfite, potassium sulfate, silver sulfate,

Translate: (1) Take 200 ml. of infusion of sage leaves.

20 grams of valerian rootMix, in order to obtain emulsion. Give! Designate!

(2) Take 180 ml of emulsion of castor oilSugar syrup up to 200 mlLet it be mixed, given, designated.

(3) Take 10 ml of almond oil100 ml 95 % of ethyl alcoholTo mix! To give! To designate!

(3) Take: 20 ml. of 95 % ethyl alcohol100 ml. of distilled water for injectionsLet it be mixed, given, designated.

(5) Take: Equal quantities of 50 grams of dry fruits of hawthorn and wild roseSugar syrup up to 200 mlMix, in order to obtain syrup.To give! To designate!

Take: Pills of 0.25 grams lipoic acid in number of 50Give! Designate:

Take: 0.2 grams of each Chinosol and boric acidcocoa butter as much as needed, so that it becomes a vaginal suppository.Let such doses be given 6 in number. Let it be designated:

Take: 0.015 grams of codeine phosphate0.5 grams of ascorbic acid0.2 grams of Dimedrol0.1 gram of calcium lactateGive such doses 20 in number.Designate:

Take: 0.003 grams of platyphyllin hydrotartrate

0.15 grams of sodium bromide0.05 grams of caffeine sodium

benzoateMix so that it becomes powderLet such doses be given 12 in numberLet it be designated:

HOMEWORK # 14

Abbreviations

āā ana of each (equal quantities of)ac., acid, acidum acidad us. ext. ad usum externum to use externally, for external usead us. int. ad usum internum to use internally, for internal use

aq. aqua wateraq. dest. aqua destillata distilled waterbut. butyrum butter (solid)comp., cps., cpt. сomposĭtus composite, complexconcentr. сoncentratus concentratedcort. сortex barkD. Da. Detur. Dentur. Give! Let it be given. Let these be given. (To

give!)Dec., dct. decoctum decoctiondep. depuratus depurateddil., Dil. dilutus dilutedDiv. in p. aeq. Divide in partes aequales Divide in equal partsD. t. d. Da (Dentur) tales doses. Give such doses. Let such doses be given.Empl. emplastrum plaster, patchemuls., em. emulsum emulsionextr. extractum extractf. fiat, fiant let it become, let these becomefl. flos blossom, flowerfluid. fluĭdus fluid (used for extracts)fol. folium leaffr. fructus fruitgel. gelatinosus gelatinousgran. granulum granulegtt., gtts. guttam, guttas drop, dropsh., hb. herba grassin ampull. in ampullis in ampulesin caps. in capsulis in capsulesinf. infusum infusion (on water)in tab. in tabulettis in pills / tabletsin vitr. nigr. in vitro nigro in a dark bottle, in dark glasslinim. linimentum liniment (liquid oinment)M. Misce. Misceatur. Mix! Let it be mixed/ (To mix!)M. f. Misce fiat (fiant) Mix in order to obtain/ Mix, so that it

becomesm. pil. massa pilularum pill massmixt. mixtūra mixtureN. numero in … quantity, … in numberobd. obductus coated (of pills)ol. oleum oilpast. pasta pastepil. pilŭla pilulepraec., pct., ppt. praecipitatus precipitatedpro inject. pro injectionibus for injectionspulv. pulvis powderq. s. quantum satis as (much as) needed, a sufficient quantityr., rad. radix rootRp.: Recipe: Take:rectif. rectificatus rectified (used with oleum Terebinthinae and

spiritus), refinedrhiz. rhizoma rhizome, rootstockS. Signa. Signetur. Designate! Let it be designated!

(To designate!)sem. semen seedsicc. siccus drysimpl. simplex simplesir. sirŭpus sirupsol. solutio solutionsp. species speciesspir. spiritus alcoholsteril. sterilisātus sterilizedSteril.! Sterilĭsa! Sterilisetur! Sterilize! Let it be sterilized!

(To sterilise!)supp. suppositorium (rectale) suppositorysupp. vagin. suppositorium vaginale vaginal suppositorysusp. suspensio suspensiontab. tabuletta pill, tablett-ra, tinct., tct. tinctura tincture (on alcohol)ung. unguentum oinment, unguentvitr. vitrum glass, test-tube, glass bottleV. Verte. Vertātur. Turn! Let it be turned! (To turn!)

Translate using both the full and the abbreviated forms:

Take: 2 grams of sodium nitrite200 ml of distilled waterMix! Give! Designate:

Take: 0.1 gram of pilocarpine hydrochloride10 ml of distilled waterMix! Give! Designate:

Take: 2 grams of sodium tetraborate1.5 grams of chinine hydrochloride30 grams of glycerineMix! Give! Designate:

Take: 0.15 grams of codeine phosphate1 grma of phenobarbital7 grams of each of potassium bromide and sodium bromide1 gram of sodium nitrateUp to 300 ml of distilled waterMix! Give! Designate:

Take: Pills of sulfadimetoxin (0.5 gram) 20 in numberGive! Designate:

Take: Pills of 0.1 gram tetracycline hydrochloride 30 in numberGive! Designate:

Take: 0.001 gram of dimedrol3 drops of peach oil Mix! Give! Designate:

Take: 0.5 gram of calcium gluconateGive in pills 20 in numberDesignate:

Take: 30 grams of each of pine buds and sage leaves Mix! Give! Designate:

Take: 6 grams of each of salicylic acid and lactic acid3 grams of concentrated acetic acidMix! Give! Designate:

HOMEWORK # 15

Translate:

Take: 10 ml of 10 % camphor oily solution for external useGive! Designate:

Take: 100 ml of infusion out of 3 grams of of marshmallow root20 ml of marshmallow sirupLet it be mixed, given, and designated:

Take: 50 grams of diuretic speciesGive! Designate:

Take: 20 grams of 0.5 % oinment of hydrocortisone acetate Give! Designate:

Take: 50 grams of pectoral speciesGive! Designate:

Take: 1 ml of 0.5 % oily solution of desoxycorticostelone acetateGivesuch doses 10 in number in ampules. Designate:

Take: 20 grams of grass of St.John’s wort30 grams of sage leaves10 grams of peppermintMix, so that it becomes species.Give! Designate:

Take: 0.005 gram of dibazol0.3 grams of sugarMix, so that it becomes powderLet such doses be given 20 in numberDesignate:

1. Translate the word combinations into Latin (paying attention to the prepositions) :

infusion from dry leaves of birch mixture with mint drops decoction from valerian stem and roots tablets from dry extract of belladonna root fluid mixture with mint oil castor oil in capsules syrup from wild-rose berries decoction from pine buds compound (composite) turpentine liniment for external use dry mixture from (= against) cough emulsion of cod liver oil for internal use syrup from hawthorn fruits liniment with olive oil refined ethyl alcohol in ampoules ether for narcosis in dark glass valerian extract in coated tablets infusion from berries of snow-ball tree diuretic species with birch buds infusion from sage leaves powder / decoction from bark of snow-ball tree laxative (purgative) species with wormwood grass and chamomile flowers rhubarb syrup for internal use tincture from eucalyptus leaves powder from white sugar and foxglove leaves mixture of valerian tincture with lily-of-the-valley tincture fluid extract from leaves of plantain oil from flowers of wild-rose tablets from (= against) cough distilled water in ampoules for injections sedative species with valerian roots suppositories with belladonna extract composite mixture with sugar syrup

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