American Women HW#52

Feminism

“1st wave of feminism” (1848-1920) The ______________________________ started women’s suffrage movement to gain suffrage (the right to vote).

• The ____th Amendment gave women the right to ______ in 1920.

“2nd wave of feminism” (1960’s-1980s) In this wave, women wanted;• to gain _____________ to men• to have a greater ______________________________• to have protection from ___________________________

Circumstances….List at least 3

problems women faced...

●

●

●

Methods used to achieve change….The Feminine

Mystiqueby Betty Friedan

• _____________________ published ______________________—sold 3 million copies in 6 months• The book sparked the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States because it brought

awareness to the need of women to feel fulfilled and have careers in addition to their families.

NOW• In 1966 the _________ ___________ _____ __________ (NOW) is founded by a group of

___________ including _______ _________. NOW is the largest women's rights group in the U.S. that seeks to _____ sexual discrimination, especially in the workplace.

•• NOW learned tactics form the African American Civil Rights Movement and organized protests in the

streets, strikes, and challenged discrimination in the courts.Miss

America pageant protest

Over 100 women organized a protest of the 1968 ____ _____________ _________.● some women threw their pots, pans, and even their _____ (an item of oppression) into a trash can!

Problem → Solution

Civil Rights Act

Problem…● In 1960, _______% of American women

were in the workforce. They made on average ____% ______ than _____ and had little chances for advancement.

● Most women worked in "pink collar" job as teachers, secretaries, and nurses, with only 6% working as ________ and 3% as __________.

Solution Civil Rights Act→● Once the word "sex" was added to the _____

______ _____ ___ _____, it opened the way for many lawsuits against discrimination in employment. The professions began to open up for women, and pay increased as well.

● By 1970, ______% of women were in the workforce, and that number continued to grow.

Planned Parenthood

Problem…● Women wanted to have the freedom to

decide when to have a _______…● _____ _______ and contraceptives were

considered to be obscene (bad, offensive, inmoral) and ____ available for women.

Solution→ Planned Parenthood● In the case _______________________, the

Supreme Court legalized birth control.● The organization _______ ____________

provided birth control to women and health information.

Equal Pay

Act Problem…● Women were ______ _____

_____ _____ for the same work.

Solution→ Equal Pay Act● In 1963 Congress passes the _____ ______ _____,

making it illegal for employers to pay a woman less than what a man would receive for the same job.

Title IX (9)

Problem…● Women were not

able to participate in professional _____ or play sports in high school or college.

Solution→ Title IX● The 1972 _________ bans sex discrimination in schools. It states:

"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance."

○ As a result of Title IX, the enrollment of women in athletics programs and professional schools increases dramatically.

Roe v. Wade

Problem…● Women were not

able to have an _________ (end a pregnancy) in some US states...

Solution→ Roe v Wade● The 1973 Supreme Court decision in _________ declared abortions

within the first __ ______ of pregnancy legal in all US states…● Today, each state is able to expand the number of months in which a

woman is able to have an abortion. For example, in _____ a woman is able to have an abortion after ____ weeks (almost ___ months).

• Jane ______ (not her real name) wanted to have an __________, but according to Texas law she could not have an abortion unless her life was in danger.

• Roe challenged the law by suing _______, the district attorney where she lived.

• Roe argued that the Texas law violated the guarantee of personal liberty and the ______ ____ _______ guaranteed in the 1st, ___th, 5th, 9th, and ___th Amendments.

• The Supreme Court decided ___________ of Roe. State laws that prohibited first trimester (_________) abortions were declared unconstitutional.

• Today, different states have different rules for abortion but all states must allow women to have an abortion during their 1st 3 months of pregnancy.

Notable women…

Jeannette Rankin

• _______________________ was the first woman to serve in the U.S. _________.• She helped pass the 19th Amendment, giving women the right to vote, and was a committed pacifist.

Margaret Sanger

• In 1916, __________________________ opens the first ____________________ clinic in Brooklyn, N.Y. Although the clinic is shut down 10 days later and Sanger is arrested, she eventually wins support through the courts and opens another clinic in New York City in 1923.

• Birth control was seen as immoral by most Americans.• By 1960, The Food and Drug Administration approves _____________________.

Gloria Steinem

• _______ ___________is known as the symbol of the modern feminist movement because she is the founder editor of ______________, a magazine that creates awareness of the problems women faced.

Shirley Chisholm

• __________________ became the first ___________________ congresswoman in 1968. Four years later, she became the first black candidate to make a bid for the U.S. presidency.

Next Steps….

Did American women gain civil rights in the United States? What else is needed for women to gain civil rights?