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Water Hyacinth Hydrilla Eurasian Watermilfoil Giant Salvinia Brazilian Elodea Arundo Spongeplant

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Page 1: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant
Page 2: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Water HyacinthWater Hyacinth Hydrilla Hydrilla Eurasian WatermilfoilEurasian Watermilfoil Giant SalviniaGiant Salvinia Brazilian ElodeaBrazilian Elodea ArundoArundo SpongeplantSpongeplant

Page 3: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Clog lakes & waterwaysClog lakes & waterways

Interferes with commerce and recreationInterferes with commerce and recreation

Displace native plantsDisplace native plants

Clogs water diversions and pumpsClogs water diversions and pumps

Depletes dissolved oxygen levels Depletes dissolved oxygen levels

Increase sedimentationIncrease sedimentation

Can cause floodingCan cause flooding

Page 4: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Many seeds & small seedlings Many seeds & small seedlings

move easily.move easily.

Spongeplant mixed with Spongeplant mixed with

duckweed. Red circles show duckweed. Red circles show

spongeplant seedlings.spongeplant seedlings.

Seeds survive at least three Seeds survive at least three

years. years.

Page 5: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

It chokes out everything.It chokes out everything.

2003 first California infestation 2003 first California infestation

found in Redding and Arcata. found in Redding and Arcata.

Out competes several other Out competes several other

aggressive water weeds, like aggressive water weeds, like

water primrose and parrots water primrose and parrots

featherfeather

Page 6: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant
Page 7: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

2003: First records were in Arcata 2003: First records were in Arcata and Redding.and Redding.

2007: San Joaquin River in Fresno. 2007: San Joaquin River in Fresno. Antioch in Sacramento River, but Antioch in Sacramento River, but seemed to disappear after a storm.seemed to disappear after a storm.

2008: Found in a canal off the 2008: Found in a canal off the Kings River east of Fresno and Kings River east of Fresno and canals in western Fresno County. canals in western Fresno County.

2009 & 2010, it was again found in 2009 & 2010, it was again found in the Delta.the Delta.

Page 8: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

To report plants or find out about surveys: Patrick Akers at [email protected]

Left:Left: Spongeplant in a canal in western Fresno County. Spongeplant in a canal in western Fresno County. Right:Right: The same canal two weeks after The same canal two weeks after treatment. Spongeplant spreads easily but it is relatively easy to control, treatment. Spongeplant spreads easily but it is relatively easy to control, if it hasn’t had time if it hasn’t had time to make a lot of seedsto make a lot of seeds..

But maybe we can beat it.

HELP THE EFFORT!HELP THE EFFORT!The California Department of Food and Agriculture will be surveying in 2011 to find out The California Department of Food and Agriculture will be surveying in 2011 to find out how much spongeplant has spread. how much spongeplant has spread. You can helpYou can help by reporting finds or having your by reporting finds or having your stream, pond, or canals checked. And thanks.stream, pond, or canals checked. And thanks.

For more information: For more information: http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/ipc/hydrilla/hydrilla_hp.htmhttp://www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/ipc/hydrilla/hydrilla_hp.htm

Before treatment After treatment

Page 9: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Asian ClamAsian Clam

Chinese Mitten CrabChinese Mitten Crab

New Zealand MudsnailNew Zealand Mudsnail

Florida Watersnake Florida Watersnake

(Nerodia)(Nerodia)

Asian CarpAsian Carp

Page 10: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Introduced in 1800’s for human Introduced in 1800’s for human

consumptionconsumption

High densities, out-competes High densities, out-competes

native clamsnative clams

Impairs water delivery systems by Impairs water delivery systems by

clogging pipes, valves and clogging pipes, valves and

sprinklerssprinklers

Traps sediment, forms bars in Traps sediment, forms bars in

agriculture canals, alters flowagriculture canals, alters flow

Bioaccumulation of toxinsBioaccumulation of toxins

Page 11: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Intentional releases for human Intentional releases for human

consumption and/or via ballast consumption and/or via ballast

water water

Clog fish salvage facilities Clog fish salvage facilities

Create losses for fisheriesCreate losses for fisheries

Reduced catchReduced catch

Damages fishing nets Damages fishing nets

Threatens levee stabilityThreatens levee stability

Potential host for human lung Potential host for human lung

flukefluke

Page 12: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

From New ZealandFrom New Zealand

750,000 NZMS per square 750,000 NZMS per square

meter meter

Competes for space and Competes for space and

foodfood

Ties up nutrients – not Ties up nutrients – not

digestible by most fish or digestible by most fish or

birds, shell takes a long birds, shell takes a long

time to decomposetime to decompose

Shells block pipes, filters Shells block pipes, filters

and gratesand grates

Ken DavisKen Davis

Distribution of the New Zealand mudsnail in California.

Page 13: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Native to southeastern US Threat to CA native and federally

listed giant garter snake (Thamnophis gigas)

Page 14: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Reach extremely high population densities Reach extremely high population densities

Impact populations of native mussels and Impact populations of native mussels and

snails (black carp) snails (black carp)

Potentially deplete zooplankton populations Potentially deplete zooplankton populations

(silver and bighead)(silver and bighead)

Page 15: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) Alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) Brazilian Waterweed (Egeria densa)Brazilian Waterweed (Egeria densa)

Caulerpa, Mediterranean Clone (Caulerpa Caulerpa, Mediterranean Clone (Caulerpa taxifolia)taxifolia)

Common Reed (Phragmites australis)Common Reed (Phragmites australis)Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)Eurasian Watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)

Didymo (Didymosphenia geminata)Didymo (Didymosphenia geminata)Giant Reed (Arundo donax)Giant Reed (Arundo donax)

Giant Salvinia (Salvinia molesta)Giant Salvinia (Salvinia molesta)Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)

Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia)Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia)Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

Water Chestnut (Trapa natans)Water Chestnut (Trapa natans)Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)

Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes)Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes)Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)Water Spinach (Ipomoea aquatica)

Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)Asian CarpsAsian Carps

Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus)Asian Swamp Eel (Monopterus albus)Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)

Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis)Clubbed Tunicate (Styela clava) New(Jun 16, Clubbed Tunicate (Styela clava) New(Jun 16,

2009)2009)Eurasian Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus)Eurasian Ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus)European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas)European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas)

Flathead Catfish (Pylodictus olivaris)Flathead Catfish (Pylodictus olivaris)Lionfish (Pterois volitans)Lionfish (Pterois volitans)

Northern Snakehead (Channa argus)Northern Snakehead (Channa argus)New Zealand Mud Snail (Potamopyrgus New Zealand Mud Snail (Potamopyrgus

antipodarum)antipodarum)Nutria (Myocastor coypus)Nutria (Myocastor coypus)

Quagga Mussel (Dreissena bugensis)Quagga Mussel (Dreissena bugensis)Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus)Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus)

Rusty Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus)Rusty Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus)Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

Sea Squirt (Didemnum vexillum)Sea Squirt (Didemnum vexillum)Spiny Water Flea (Bythotrephes longimanus)Spiny Water Flea (Bythotrephes longimanus)

Veined Rapa Whelk (Rapana venosa)Veined Rapa Whelk (Rapana venosa)Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)

Air Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) New(May 26, Air Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) New(May 26, 2009)2009)

Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)Beach Vitex (Vitex rotundifolia)Beach Vitex (Vitex rotundifolia)

Common Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)Common Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum)Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dalmatica)Dalmatian Toadflax (Linaria dalmatica)Diffuse Knapweed (Centaurea diffusa)Diffuse Knapweed (Centaurea diffusa)

Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)Fig Buttercup (Ranunculus ficaria) Garlic Mustard (Alliaria Fig Buttercup (Ranunculus ficaria) Garlic Mustard (Alliaria

petiolata)petiolata)Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum)Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum)

Hairy Whitetop (Lepidium appelianum)Hairy Whitetop (Lepidium appelianum)Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale)Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale)

Japanese Stilt Grass (Microstegium vimineum) Japanese Stilt Grass (Microstegium vimineum) Japanese World Climbing Fern (Lygodium japonicum) Japanese World Climbing Fern (Lygodium japonicum)

Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica)Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica)

Japanese Spiraea (Spiraea japonica) New(Jun 25, 2009)Japanese Spiraea (Spiraea japonica) New(Jun 25, 2009)Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)

Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata)Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata)Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae)Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae)Mile-A-Minute Weed (Persicaria perfoliata)Mile-A-Minute Weed (Persicaria perfoliata)

Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans)Musk Thistle (Carduus nutans)

Old Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia)Old Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia)Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.)Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.)

St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum)St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum)Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius)Scotch Broom (Cytisus scoparius)

Scotch Thistle (Onopordum acanthium)Scotch Thistle (Onopordum acanthium)Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima)Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum viarum)Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum viarum)Whitetop (Lepidium draba)Whitetop (Lepidium draba)

Witchweed (Striga asiatica) New(Apr 9, 2009)Witchweed (Striga asiatica) New(Apr 9, 2009)Yellow Star Thistle (Centaurea solstitialis)Yellow Star Thistle (Centaurea solstitialis)

Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris)Yellow Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris)Africanized Honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata)Africanized Honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata)

Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri)Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri)Asian Long-Horned Beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis)Asian Long-Horned Beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis)

Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus)Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus)Cactus Moth (Cactoblastis cactorum)Cactus Moth (Cactoblastis cactorum)

Chillip Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) New(Jul 30, 2009)Chillip Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) New(Jul 30, 2009)Citrus Longhorned Beetle (Anoplophora chinensis)Citrus Longhorned Beetle (Anoplophora chinensis)

Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)European Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar)European Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar)

European Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus)European Spruce Bark Beetle (Ips typographus)Formosan Subterranean Termite (Coptotermes Formosan Subterranean Termite (Coptotermes

formosanus)formosanus)Giant African Snail (Achatina fulica)Giant African Snail (Achatina fulica)

Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata)Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata)Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae)Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae)

Light Brown Apple Moth (Epiphyas postvittana)Light Brown Apple Moth (Epiphyas postvittana)Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata)Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata)

Mexican Fruit Fly (Anastrepha ludens)Mexican Fruit Fly (Anastrepha ludens)Pink Hibiscus Mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus)Pink Hibiscus Mealybug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus)

Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta)Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta)Russian Wheat Aphid (Diuraphis noxia)Russian Wheat Aphid (Diuraphis noxia)Silverleaf Whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii)Silverleaf Whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii)

Sirex Woodwasp (Sirex noctilio)Sirex Woodwasp (Sirex noctilio)Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines)Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines)

Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis)Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis)Cane Toad (Bufo marinus)Cane Toad (Bufo marinus)

European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)

Avian Influenza (Orthomyxoviridae)Avian Influenza (Orthomyxoviridae)Exotic Newcastle Disease (Paramyxovirus)Exotic Newcastle Disease (Paramyxovirus)

Fowlpox (Avipoxvirus)Fowlpox (Avipoxvirus)Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (Novirhabdovirus)Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (Novirhabdovirus)

West Nile Virus (Flavivirus)West Nile Virus (Flavivirus)Whirling Disease (Myxobolus cerebralis)Whirling Disease (Myxobolus cerebralis)

Citrus Canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis)Citrus Canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis)Citrus Greening (Liberibacter asiaticus)Citrus Greening (Liberibacter asiaticus)

Dogwood Anthracnose (Discula destructiva) Dogwood Anthracnose (Discula destructiva) Gladiolus Rust (Uromyces transversalis) (Jun 11, 2009)Gladiolus Rust (Uromyces transversalis) (Jun 11, 2009)

Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) (Jul 9, 2009)Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans) (Jul 9, 2009)Laurel Wilt (Raffaelea lauricola) (Aug 13, 2009)Laurel Wilt (Raffaelea lauricola) (Aug 13, 2009)

Plum Pox (Potyviruses: Potyviridae)Plum Pox (Potyviruses: Potyviridae)Southern Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum)Southern Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum)

Soybean Rust (Phakopsora meibomiae)Soybean Rust (Phakopsora meibomiae)Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum)Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum)White Pine Blister Rust (Cronartium ribicola)White Pine Blister Rust (Cronartium ribicola)

Brazilian Peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) Brazilian Peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense)Chinese Tallow (Triadica sebifera)Chinese Tallow (Triadica sebifera)Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica)

Page 16: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant
Page 17: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Aquaria

Aquaculture

Ballast

Intentional Stocking Recreational Environmental Food (seafood)

Gardening

Page 18: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Invasive Species Monitoring

Fisheries Surveys

Water Monitoring

Terrestrial Surveys

Restoration

Page 19: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Invasive Species Monitoring

Fisheries Surveys

Water Monitoring

Terrestrial Surveys

Restoration

Page 20: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

DecontaminationDecontamination

Hazard Analysis and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Critical Control Point PlanningPlanning

Page 21: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Hazard Analysis and Critical Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Planning Control Point Planning

Tool that manages the risk of Tool that manages the risk of moving non-targetsmoving non-targets

Risk assessment of potential Risk assessment of potential pathwayspathways

 

Page 22: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Risk assessment determines the likelihood of moving species to an area where they may become invasive.

This process assumes that the impact of any invasive species introduction is significant

 

Page 23: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Once it is determined that a pathway poses a significant risk, then a plan is implemented to reduce this risk.

Utilize the HACCP planning process framework.  

Page 24: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Easy five step tool Defines the critical point in a given activity whereby

the risk of a hazard can be reduced to an acceptable level.

The risk of a hazard is reduced by means of a control measure.

This control measure is then evaluated

www.HACCP-NRM.org

Page 25: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Decontaminate after each survey.

Page 26: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant
Page 27: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Methods: Drying Chemical

Sparquat, Bleach, Quat, Virkon, 409 Degreaser, Vinegar…

Freezing Water

Water pressure Hot water rinsing

Page 28: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

Methods: Drying Chemical (Soak or Spray and

Brush) Sparquat, Bleach, Quat, Virkon, 409 Degreaser, Vinegar…

Freezing Water

Water pressure Hot water rinsing

Page 29: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant
Page 30: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant

$#&*!$#&*!

Contact us if you’d like to set up an HACCP workshopJonathan Thompson

[email protected]

Page 31: Water Hyacinth  Hydrilla  Eurasian Watermilfoil  Giant Salvinia  Brazilian Elodea  Arundo  Spongeplant