PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Physical Properties

Viscosity Conductivity Malleability Hardness Melting point Boiling point Density Ductility Magnetism

Viscosity: the tendency of a liquid to keep flowing – its resistance to flowing .

Greater = slower the liquid moves Viscosity usually decreases when heated

Conductivity

Ability to allow heat to flow. Those materials that have a high

conductivity like metals are called good conductors.

Usually means conductors of heat and electricity.

Malleability

Ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering.

Most metals are malleable.

Hardness

One way to compare is to see which material scratches the other.

Diamond is the hardest mineral and Talc is softest.

Melting and Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance changes from solid

to liquid is its melting point. Water = 0° C

The temperature at which a substance boils is its boiling point.

Water = 100 ° C

Density

Physical Properties Some of the properties of the material

change, but the substances in the material remain the same.

Water from liquid to a gas during boiling Crumpling and slicing change size and

shape. Some can be reversed (freezing and

melting)

Chemical Properties

Any ability to produce a change in composition of matter.

Can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different

substances.

Flammability

Materials ability to burn in the presence of oxygen.

Sometimes not desirable property. Children's sleepwear. (flame-resistant)

Materials that can burn are used for fuel.

Reactivity

How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances.

Oxygen is reactive easily with most other elements. Rust

Nitrogen is not reactive and used on ships as a gas to decrease rusting.

Buoyant Force The upward force on an object immersed

in a fluid. If the buoyant force is equal to the object

then it floats. If the buoyant force is less than the

object then it sinks.