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The Progressives Age
1900-1917
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Chapter 8-9
Reformers wanted to:
Regulate big business
More Americans wanted to control their Candidates
It was done by three successful men: Teddy Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson
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Reformers
At the turn of the century the United States:
45 States 76 million people Wealth-Prosperity
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Turn of the Century
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Fashion in 1900’s
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76,000,000 Americans in 46 states (by the end of the decade.) Policeman arrests woman for smoking in public $46,000,000+ in the U.S. treasury 8,000 cars - 10 miles of paved roads 1900 - Auto deaths 96; lynchings 115 San Francisco Earthquake took 700 lives and cost over $4,000,000 in damage. Average worker made $12.98/week for 59 hours Life expectancy: 47.3 female, 46.3 male - 33.0 blacks Essay - Birth of the 20th Century
Sports in 1900’s
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Power Points done by Kris Mena 9First Football Team 1899 Sewanne Tigers
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1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings
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Wilson throwing out the first ball, opening day, 1916
Ping pong - invented in Britain in the 1890s it was an inexpensive mimic for lawn tennis, played by the rich
Placed their faith in progress, technology, & science
Rejected Laissez-faireProtestant moral valuesA new view of the purpose of government
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What did Progressives believe in
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Muckrakers
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Muckrakers
New Type of Journalism
Muckrakers- Writers of the Progressive Era, Investigative Journalism T Roosevelt nicknamed them.
McClure’s Cosmopolitan
Collier’s
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New Magazines of 1900’s
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Yellow Journalism
Sensational to report a story.
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Joseph Pulitzer Pulitzer also used the New York World to advocate a ten-point program of reform.
Pulitzer continued to promote investigative reporting and in 1909 the New York World exposed a fraudulent payment of $40 million by the United States to the French Panama Canal Company. The federal government indicted Pulitzer for criminally libeling President Theodore Roosevelt and the banker John Pierpont Morgan. However, Pulitzer won an important victory for the freedom of the press when the courts dismissed the indictments.
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Joseph Pulitzer
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William R. Hearst
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Hearst Castle
Lincoln Steffens- “ Shame of the Cities
Writers in the Progressive Age
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Ida Trabell –”History of Standard Oil”
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Upton Sinclair –” The Jungle”
Important New Laws
Pure Food and Drug Act- forces manufactures to produce only a product that people know what’s in it.
Meat Inspection Act- allowed government to inspect meat.
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Frank Norris – “The Octopus”
Socialist Movement
A political and economic theory or system in which the means of production, distribution, and exchange are owned by the community collectively, usually through the state .
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Americans rejected socialism, because Americans liked private ownership.
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Socialist Party of the US
Margaret Sanger
Her crusade to legalize birth control spurred the movement for women's liberation
Planned Parenthood Clinics.
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Alice Hamilton
She established the National American “Women Suffrage”
Wanted an amendment to the US Constitution.
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Carrie Chapman Catt
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Triangle Shirt Waist Fire 1911
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Commission System- Galveston Texas 1901. City manager plan-
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Progressives –Local Levels
Robert La Follette- Governor of Wisconsin
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Progressive –State Levels
Initiative- allows voters to introduce laws through petitions and to enact laws directly by a popular vote.
Referendum- citizens may approve or reject a proposed law or put an existing law to a vote.
Recall allowing voters to remove an official from office.
Direct Primary- party’s candidates are chosen by the voters instead of party membership.
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Progressives Reforms
Organic Simplicity Architect “Prairie Style” Structures should
blend in with natural surroundings.
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Frank Lloyd Wright
Wonderful Teddy
Teddy Roosevelt becomes US President after McKinley is assassinated.
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Teddy Roosevelt 1901
Youngest president 42 years old.
First president to be known by his initials
Trust buster Receives the Nobel
Peace Prize. Began NCCA
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Teddy Roosevelt
“ Speak softly but carry a big stick” Bully was Roosevelt’s favorite word. “Square Deal” Roosevelt’s campaign slogan. Trustbuster- Nickname of Roosevelt. National Reclamation Act- restoration to
productivity of dry lands through irrigation. John Muir- Sierra Club Conservationist- TR was one of them.
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Teddy Roosevelt
Allowed interstate Commerce Commission to set rates for interstate trade.
Gave muscles to the ICC.
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Hepburn Act 1906
United Miner Workers lead by John L Lewis wanted”◦ Union recognition◦ Better wages◦ Less hours◦ Better working conditions◦ JP Morgan owned most of the Penn. coal mines.
Morgan would not meet with the strikers.◦ Roosevelt wanted the two sides to meet.
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Coal Strike of 1902
Arbitration- where two sides agree to meet to work out a problem. The middle person is usually the arbitrator. The progress is in arbitration.
President Roosevelt threaten JPMorgan that he would take over the mines themselves. . . . . .
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Arbitration
This trust was the first to be broken by the Sherman Anti Trust Act.
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Northern Securities Trust
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William Howard Taft
He was named by TR to become the next president of the US
Federal Judge Governor of the
Philippines His wife is responsible
for the cherry trees in DC
Supreme Court Chief Justice
William Howard Taft
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16 th amendment- provides for income tax
17 th amendment- provides for direct election of senators.
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William Howard Taft 1908
Never got anyone elected. Initiative, referendum, recall Direct Primary, direct election of senators 8 hour work day Women suffrage End to child labor Minimum wages Large corporation regulated.
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Progressive Party ( Bull Moose)
Election of 1912
William Howard Taft- Republican
Woodrow Wilson- Democratic
T. Roosevelt- Bull Moose Party
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Woodrow Wilson 1912-1920
College President Governor of New
Jersey. Federal Reserve Act Underwood Tariff Clayton Anti-trust
Act Federal Trade
Commission
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Clayton Anti-Trust Act- freed unions from anti trust actions and barred interlocking directorates.
Underwood Tariff- tariff passed by Wilson lowest tariff since the Civil War.
Federal Reserve Act- The most important bill- set up the national’s bank.
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Wilson’s Bills
First Jewish person to seat on the Supreme Court
Anti-Semitic- anti Jewish
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Louis Brandeis
1. All ballots one color2. All candidates on one ballot.
3. Printed by government expenses,
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Australian Ballot
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Laissez-faire
Taft Wilson Sanger Brandeis Pultizer Recall Direct Primary TR The Jungle” Tarbell La Follette 17thAmendment
Socialism Du Bois Debs Coal Strike Pure Food &
Drug 16th Amendment Muckrakers Election of 1912 Hearst NCAA Federal Reserve
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Chapter 9 Study Guide
