THE ORGANIZATION OF CELLS 1. CELLS: BASIC UNIT OF ALL LIFE

2. TISSUES: GROUPS OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER

• MUSCLE TISSUE: ALLOWS MOTION, CAN ONLY CONTRACT

• CONNECTIVE TISSUE: SUPPORTS AND BINDS BODY PARTS (BONES, TENDONS)

• EPITHELIAL TISSUE: COVERS THE ORGANS AND BODY (SKIN)

• NERVE TISSUE: ALLOWS COMMUNICATION, THOUGHT PROCESSES

3. ORGANS: DIFFERENT TISSUES COMBINE TO PERFORM ONE FUNCTION HEART PUMPS BLOOD

• MADE OF BLOOD, CONNECTIVE, MUSCLE, NERVE, EPITHELIAL TISSUES• HARDEST WORKING MUSCLE IN THE BODY

• SKIN MADE OF ALL 4 MAJOR TISSUES• COVERS AND PROTECTS BODY• CONTROLS TEMPERATURE AND SENSES TOUCH

4. ORGAN SYSTEMS: DIFFERENT BUT RELATED ORGANS THAT PERFORM SPECIFIC FUNCTION ex.: CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: INCLUDES HEART, BLOOD AND BLOOD VESSELS Ex.: SKELETAL SYSTEM: CONSISTS OF BONES, LIGAMENTS

5. ORGANISMS: A LIVING THING MADE OF ORGANS SYSTEMS

NERVE TISSUE: CONDUCTS INFORMATION USING IMPULSES1. ALLOWS THE SENSING OF SURROUNDINGS2. ALLOWS REACTION TO SURROUNDINGS3. ALLOWS THOUGHT

NERVOUS SYSTEM: COMPRISED OF BRAIN, SPINE AND NERVES1. CHAINS OF NERVE CELLS FORM LONG NERVES

COMMUNICATE INFORMATION NERVES CONDUCT MESSAGES (IMPULSES) MADE OF ELECTRICAL SIGNALS

2. SPINAL CORD: ROPE-LIKE BUNDLE OF NERVES ALONG THE BACK

CONNECTS ALMOST ALL PARTS OF THE BODY TO THE BRAIN

BONY SPINAL COLUMN PROTECTS DELICATE NERVES

3. BRAIN: TRILLIONS OF NERVE CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER

RECEIVES AND INTERPRETS INFORMATION FROM SENSES

DECIDES ON RESPONSES TO SENSORY INFORMATION

SENDS RESPONSES TO THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM, etc.

THE FIVE SENSES: SIGHT, SMELL, TASTE, HEARING, AND TOUCH1. EYE: THE ORGAN OF SIGHT

PUPIL: DARK OPENING OF THE EYE IRIS: COLORS PORTION, OPENS AND CLOSES TO ADJUST LIGHT ENTERING EYE LENS: CHANGES SHAPE TO FOCUS (TINY MUSCLES THINS OR THICKEN LENS) RETINA: LIGHT SENSITIVE REDDISH LINING OF EYE HAS COLOR SENSING CONE-SHAPED CELLS DIRECTLY BEHIND PUPIL BLACK-WHITE SENSING ROD-SHAPED CELLS AROUND CONES OPTIC NERVE SENDS INFORMATION TO BRAIN SOME PEOPLE LACK CONES FOR RED, SELDOM LACK GREEN OR BLUE CONES

2. EAR: THE ORGAN OF HEARINGOUTER EAR: CAPTURES AND FUNNELS SOUND WAVES INTO EAR EAR CANAL: TUBE THAT LEADS TO EARDRUM EARDRUM: VERY THIN MEMBRANE THAT VIBRATES WHEN STRUCK BY SOUNDS MIDDLE EAR BONES (HAMMER, ANVIL, STIRRUP) AMPLIFY VIBRATIONS INNER EAR(COCHLEA): SNAIL-SHAPED, FLUID-FILLED STRUCTURE CONTAINS 1,000s OF TINY NERVE ENDINGS (ONE PER TONE HEARD) SENDS INFORMATION THROUGH AUDITORY NERVE TO BRAIN

THE FIVE SENSES: SIGHT, SMELL, TASTE, HEARING, AND TOUCH 3. NOSE: HAS OLFACTORY BULB THAT SENSES SMELLS

• SMELLS ARE THE MOLECULES (CHEMICALS) GIVEN OFF BY MANY SUBSTANCES• OLFACTORY NERVE SENDS INFORMATION TO THE BRAIN• SMELL IS THE MOST VARIABLE SENSE FROM PERSON TO PERSON

4. TONGUE: THE ORGAN OF TASTE• TASTE BUDS: IN GROUPS OR “PITS” FOUND ON THE TONGUE• EACH GROUP SENSES A PARTICULAR TYPE OF CHEMICAL• 4 PRIMARY TYPES OF TASTES: SWEET, SOUR, BITTER, SALTY plus MEATY

THE FIVE SENSES: SIGHT, SMELL, TASTE, HEARING, AND TOUCH5. SKIN: SENSE OF TOUCH- ALSO PROTECTS, REMOVES WASTES, HEAT

PART OF INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES HAIR AND FINGERNAILSEPIDERMIS: OUTER, PROTECTIVE LAYERS OF DEAD SKIN CELLSDERMIS: LIVING LAYERS OF SKIN

DERMIS: LIVING LAYERS OF SKINOIL GLANDS: MAKES OIL THAT LUBRICATES THE SKINHAIR FOLLICLES: GROW HAIRSWEAT GLAND: PRODUCES SWEAT THAT EVAPORATES TO COOL BODYHAIR MUSCLE: PULLS ON HAIR, CLOSES HAIR PORE (GOOSE BUMP)FAT: INSULATES THE BODY (KEEPS HEAT IN)SEVERAL TYPES OF SENSORY NERVE ENDINGS (PAIN, TOUCH, HEAT, COLD, PRESSURE AND VIBRATION)TINY BLOOD VESSELS (CAPILLARIES) SUPPLY BLOOD