The most dominant Nation during the "Age of Early Exploration" searching for new trade routes and the one most responsible for the settlement of the

The The most dominantmost dominant Nation Nation during the "Age of Early during the "Age of Early Exploration" searching for new Exploration" searching for new trade routes and the one trade routes and the one most most responsibleresponsible for the settlement for the settlement of the Americas during the of the Americas during the 1500's was... 1500's was...

A. Spain A. Spain B. France B. France C. England C. England D. GermanyD. Germany

22

1) What were the long term 1) What were the long term impacts of the Crusades? impacts of the Crusades?

A. Mistrust and hatred among A. Mistrust and hatred among Christians, Jews and Muslims. Christians, Jews and Muslims.

B. Crusaders brought home new B. Crusaders brought home new goods (spices, clothes and goods (spices, clothes and perfumes) and opened new trade perfumes) and opened new trade routes from the East. routes from the East.

C. Ferdinand and Isabel rose to C. Ferdinand and Isabel rose to power in Spain and became power in Spain and became "Defenders of the Faith" "Defenders of the Faith"

D. All of the aboveD. All of the above

The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages 44

MistrustMistrust and and hatred hatred among among Christians, Christians, JewsJews, and, and Muslims. Muslims.

As Crusaders brought As Crusaders brought home exotic spices, home exotic spices, cloths and perfumes cloths and perfumes from the East, they from the East, they exposed Europeans exposed Europeans to to new goodsnew goods. These . These goods increased the goods increased the desire for desire for new trade new trade routesroutes to the East! to the East!

Sept 11, reveals long term mistrust and hatred

European merchants sell Middle Eastern goods


Some came to believe that the Crusades Some came to believe that the Crusades included re-taking any lands that had included re-taking any lands that had previously been ruled by Christians that previously been ruled by Christians that had had fallenfallen to Muslim rulers. to Muslim rulers.

Spain had fallen to Muslim invaders in Spain had fallen to Muslim invaders in 700 AD. Many 700 AD. Many Christians fledChristians fled to the to the Northern mountains of Spain. Northern mountains of Spain.

Over a three hundred year period, Over a three hundred year period, Christian Kings and Muslim Caliphs Christian Kings and Muslim Caliphs fought for control of Spain. In 1492 the fought for control of Spain. In 1492 the Christian Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabel, Christian Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabel, were successful in were successful in unitinguniting Spain, and Spain, and forcingforcing the the Muslims out. Muslims out.


Gold

God

Glory

The transfer of goods, ideas, and people

A. Columbian Exchange B. Treaty of Trades and Goods in the Americas

C. Treaty of Tordesillas D. Triple Transfer


The Columbian exchange is defined as The Columbian exchange is defined as the exchange of the exchange of goods, people, and ideasgoods, people, and ideas from the New World to the Old World and from the New World to the Old World and the the OldOld World to the World to the NewNew World. World.


The Columbian The Columbian exchange is defined exchange is defined as the exchange of as the exchange of goods, people, and goods, people, and ideasideas from the New from the New World to the Old World to the Old World and the World and the OldOld World to the World to the NewNew World.World.


The Columbian exchange is defined as The Columbian exchange is defined as the exchange of the exchange of goods, people, and ideasgoods, people, and ideas from the New World to the Old World and from the New World to the Old World and the the OldOld World to the World to the NewNew World. World.


The Columbian Exchange created an The Columbian Exchange created an economiceconomic association association between Europebetween Europe and and America.America.

For Europe, America was a laboratory for For Europe, America was a laboratory for unmonitored capitalistic exploitation. The unmonitored capitalistic exploitation. The experimentation of businessexperimentation of business organizations coupled with ideas of organizations coupled with ideas of liberty to stimulate investment and profit liberty to stimulate investment and profit sharing that ultimately led to many sharing that ultimately led to many present corporate structures at global present corporate structures at global levels.levels.


Company Commodity

Affiliation Center Today

Hudson's Bay Co.

fur England relied on Native American Trading partners

Then: OntarioNow

HBC, is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world. Today HBC owns Lords & Taylors, Cinneplex, Thrity Car Rental etc… It is a multi-billion dollar Multi-national Global Corporation


““After 1492, the world’s ecosystems After 1492, the world’s ecosystems collided and mixed as European vessels collided and mixed as European vessels carried thousands of species to new carried thousands of species to new homes across the oceans. The homes across the oceans. The Columbian exchange is why there are Columbian exchange is why there are tomatoes in Italy, oranges in Florida, tomatoes in Italy, oranges in Florida, chocolates in Switzerland, and hot chocolates in Switzerland, and hot peppers in Thailand. It is arguably the peppers in Thailand. It is arguably the most important event in the history of lifemost important event in the history of life since the death of the dinosaurs.” since the death of the dinosaurs.” National Geographic May 2007National Geographic May 2007

Primary Source: In this excerpt, Christopher Primary Source: In this excerpt, Christopher Columbus described his impressions of the lands Columbus described his impressions of the lands and people that he met on his voyage to the and people that he met on his voyage to the Americas. Read the excerpt and answer the Americas. Read the excerpt and answer the questions that follow.questions that follow.On my reaching the Indies, I took by force, in the first island that I On my reaching the Indies, I took by force, in the first island that I discovered, some of these natives that they might learn our language discovered, some of these natives that they might learn our language and give me information in regard to what existed in these parts; and and give me information in regard to what existed in these parts; and it so happened that they soon understood us and we them wither by it so happened that they soon understood us and we them wither by words or signs, and they have been very serviceable (helpful) to us. words or signs, and they have been very serviceable (helpful) to us. They are still with me, and, from repeated conversations that I have They are still with me, and, from repeated conversations that I have had with them, I find that they still believe that I come from had with them, I find that they still believe that I come from heaven…..And thus they all, men as well as women, after their minds heaven…..And thus they all, men as well as women, after their minds were at rest about us, came, both large and small, and brought us were at rest about us, came, both large and small, and brought us something to eat and drink, which they gave us with extraordinary something to eat and drink, which they gave us with extraordinary kindness…kindness…

What was Columbus' primary motive for What was Columbus' primary motive for teaching the American Indians his language? teaching the American Indians his language?

A. Because he wanted to be friends with the American A. Because he wanted to be friends with the American Indians and live together peacefully. Indians and live together peacefully.

B. Because he wanted to find out information regarding B. Because he wanted to find out information regarding what existed in the Americas. what existed in the Americas.

C. Because he wanted the American Indians to believe C. Because he wanted the American Indians to believe he was sent from Heaven. he was sent from Heaven.

Primary Source: In this excerpt, Christopher Primary Source: In this excerpt, Christopher Columbus described his impressions of the lands and Columbus described his impressions of the lands and people that he met on his voyage to the Americas. people that he met on his voyage to the Americas. Read the excerpt and answer the questions that Read the excerpt and answer the questions that follow.follow.On my reaching the Indies, I took by force, in the first island that I On my reaching the Indies, I took by force, in the first island that I discovered, some of these natives that they might learn our language discovered, some of these natives that they might learn our language and give me information in regard to what existed in these parts; and it and give me information in regard to what existed in these parts; and it so happened that they soon understood us and we them wither by so happened that they soon understood us and we them wither by words or signs, and they have been very serviceable (helpful) to us. words or signs, and they have been very serviceable (helpful) to us. They are still with me, and, from repeated conversations that I have They are still with me, and, from repeated conversations that I have had with them, I find that they still believe that I come from had with them, I find that they still believe that I come from heaven…..And thus they all, men as well as women, after their minds heaven…..And thus they all, men as well as women, after their minds were at rest about us, came, both large and small, and brought us were at rest about us, came, both large and small, and brought us something to eat and drink, which they gave us with extraordinary something to eat and drink, which they gave us with extraordinary kindness…kindness…

Why did Columbus believe the American Indians Why did Columbus believe the American Indians treated he and his men with such kindness? treated he and his men with such kindness?

A. Because they wanted to be friends with Columbus and A. Because they wanted to be friends with Columbus and his men and live in peace. his men and live in peace.

B. Because they wanted to trick Columbus and then attack B. Because they wanted to trick Columbus and then attack him and his men. him and his men.

C. Because they believed Columbus and his men C. Because they believed Columbus and his men were sent from Heaven.were sent from Heaven.

For which country(s) did For which country(s) did the following Explorers: the following Explorers: Christopher Columbus, Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, Vasco Amerigo Vespucci, Vasco Nunez de Balboa and Nunez de Balboa and Ferdinand Magellan sail and Ferdinand Magellan sail and or work? or work?

A. A. Spain Spain B. Great Britain B. Great Britain C. FranceC. FranceD. PortugalD. Portugal

IndividualIndividual

ExplorerExplorer

OrOr

CountryCountry

For whom For whom did they did they sail or sail or work?work?

Place of Place of Origin i.e Origin i.e

where where where they where they

born?born?

FateFate

How were they How were they viewed by the viewed by the people at that people at that

time?time?

Positive Positive ConsequenceConsequence

What were the What were the positive results positive results of their work?of their work?

NegativeNegative

ConsequencesConsequences

What were the What were the negative results negative results of their work?of their work?

Interesting Interesting FactsFacts

Ferdinand & Ferdinand & IsabelIsabel

Most Powerful Most Powerful monarchs in monarchs in

Europe. They Europe. They co-ruled much co-ruled much of the Worldof the World

Unified Spain Unified Spain (Reconquista) (Reconquista) Successfully Successfully

Re-Re-Christianized Christianized the countrythe country

Inquisition in Inquisition in Spain (Moors & Spain (Moors &

Jews)Jews)

Inquisition in the Inquisition in the Americas Americas

(Torquemada)(Torquemada)

Equaled one Equaled one another. Their another. Their

descendents ruled descendents ruled much of Europe. much of Europe. Still connectedStill connected

King HenryKing HenryKnown Known

as the as the NavigatorNavigator

Designed Designed Caravel, Start Caravel, Start

schools to schools to train sailortrain sailor

Spain, not Spain, not Portugal Portugal

gained the gained the most most

Never was able Never was able to lead an to lead an

expedition… expedition… Wanted toWanted to

ChristopherChristopher

ColumbusColumbus

Governor of W. Governor of W. Indies. Did 4 Indies. Did 4 trips. Died in trips. Died in

chains accused chains accused of stealing from of stealing from

the treasurythe treasury

Columbian Columbian ExchangeExchange


““Discovered” Discovered” America. Died America. Died

poor w/o poor w/o knowledge of new knowledge of new

continentcontinent

AmerigoAmerigo

VespucciVespucci

Successful Successful Bureaucrat he Bureaucrat he

became became responsible for responsible for planning and planning and

approving approving further Spanish further Spanish

ExplorationExploration

Recognized Recognized America as a America as a

separate separate continent. King continent. King

Ferdinand Ferdinand named him named him

“Chief “Chief Navigator” of Navigator” of

SpainSpain

European public European public learned about learned about

the newly the newly discovered discovered

continent of the continent of the Americas for the Americas for the

first time + -first time + -

America America named after named after

himhim

Vasco NúñezVasco Núñez

De BalboaDe Balboa

Beheaded Beheaded for treasonfor treason

Knowledge Knowledge of the of the PacificPacific

ConquistadConquistadoror

First European First European to cross the to cross the Peninsula & Peninsula &

see the Pacificsee the Pacific

FerdinandFerdinand

MagellanMagellanDied in a Died in a Battle in Battle in

PhilippinesPhilippines

First to First to circumnavigcircumnavig

ate globeate globe


Died in Died in BattleBattle

Spain Spain

Spain

Spain

Spain

Spain

Portugal Portugal

Italy

Spain

Portugal

Italy?Catalan Jew

Why did Spain and Portugal Why did Spain and Portugal search for new trade routes to the search for new trade routes to the East? East?

A. They wanted to go to the A. They wanted to go to the Americas because they had heard Americas because they had heard of the gold and riches. of the gold and riches.

B. The Silk Road was too hard to travel on due to the terrain and the lingering effects of the Crusades and warfare in the region.

C. They wanted conquer new lands C. They wanted conquer new lands for Spain in the East. for Spain in the East.

D. All of the above.D. All of the above.


Search for new trade routesSearch for new trade routes The The Silk RoadSilk Road linked linked AsiaAsia to the to the Middle EastMiddle East. . For many years Muslim traders had used the Silk Road For many years Muslim traders had used the Silk Road

to to bring goodsbring goods such as silks, spices, herbs and such as silks, spices, herbs and perfumes to the Middle East. perfumes to the Middle East.

The Silk Road was The Silk Road was difficultdifficult to to traveltravel due to the due to the terrainterrain. . The lingering effects of the Crusades and The lingering effects of the Crusades and warfarewarfare in in the region made it even more difficult.the region made it even more difficult.

As a result, As a result, explorersexplorers began began lookinglooking for alternate for alternate routesroutes..

The Silk roadwent fromthe Middle Eastto Asia. Travelers crossed deserts, rivers, mountains and forests. They braved the terrain, the elements, and robbers.

Why did Cortez,the Spanish Why did Cortez,the Spanish conquistador, so easily defeat the conquistador, so easily defeat the Aztecs? Aztecs?

A. The Aztecs were dying from Small Pox brought by European Explorers.

B. There were fewer Aztecs. B. There were fewer Aztecs. C. The Europeans were better C. The Europeans were better

fighters. fighters. D. Women and children made it D. Women and children made it

difficult for Aztec warriors to fight difficult for Aztec warriors to fight invading Europeans.invading Europeans.

Who was the Italian Who was the Italian sailor, hired by Isabel of sailor, hired by Isabel of Spain to find a new trade Spain to find a new trade route to the Far East? route to the Far East?

A. A. Christopher Columbus B. Prince Henry of B. Prince Henry of Portugal Portugal

C. Hernando de Soto C. Hernando de Soto D. John Cabot D. John Cabot

This nation used the This nation used the inquisition to impose inquisition to impose Catholicism upon all of it's Catholicism upon all of it's subject. For centuries they subject. For centuries they took on the role of took on the role of "Defender of the Faith". "Defender of the Faith".

A. Spain B. France B. France C. England C. England D. Portugal D. Portugal


In 1492 Ferdinand and Isabel returned In 1492 Ferdinand and Isabel returned Spain to Spain to ChristianChristian rulers. rulers.

In an effort to consolidate their power In an effort to consolidate their power they began the they began the InquisitionsInquisitions (punishment (punishment of Heretics).of Heretics). Non-believers were Non-believers were forcedforced to convert or to convert or were punished or banished.were punished or banished.

In the centuries following, Spain took on In the centuries following, Spain took on the role of the role of Defender of the FaithDefender of the Faith (Catholicism). They instituted the (Catholicism). They instituted the Inquisition in all the lands they Inquisition in all the lands they conquered, and conquered, and enforcedenforced Catholicism Catholicism throughout their throughout their empireempire..

King Ferdinand

Queen Isabel

Agreement signed between Spain and Portugal in which Portugal agreed to move the Line of Demarcation farther west, which gave Portugal rights to all of Africa, as well as Brazil in South America.

A. Treaty of Ghent B. Treaty of Versailles C. Magna Carta D. Treaty of Tordesillas


The Treaty of Tordesillas, pg 20

The Line of Demarcation, pg 20


What were two negative effects of European Exploration?

A. 1) Illnesses spread from Europe to the Americas, and from the the Americas to Europe. 2) Foods, such as tomatoes, and corn spread from the Americas to Europe.

B. 1) Foods such as tomatoes and corn spread from the Americas to Europe. 2) The horse gave Native Americans the ability to be mounted hunters.

C. 1) Illnesses spread from Europe to the Americas, and from the the Americas to Europe. 2) Native American cultures were changed and often destroyed.

D. All answers are correct.

What was a positive outcome of European Exploration?

A. Foods, such as tomatoes and oranges were exchanged between continents.

B. Knowledge and information was exchanged between continents.

C. Domesticated animals, such as the horse were brought to the Americas and enabled Native Americans to become mounted hunters.

D. All answers are correct

Which of the following colonies was started to ensure religious

freedom to Catholics?

A. Massachusetts Bay Colonies B. Jamestown C. Maryland D. Plymouth Colonies E. All answers are correct

Settling the Southern ColoniesRead Page 141-142

1. Why was Maryland founded?

2. Who was Lord Baltimore?

3. What was the Toleration Act?

To provide a safe place for Catholics to practice their faith

There were two Lord Baltimores, George Calvert (the father) and Cecil Calvert (the son) George

tried to receive permission to start a colony... he died before he was successful. Cecil received

permission and started the colony of Maryland in 1632

A law that guaranteed all Christians the right to worship as they pleased

Use the map below to identify where the Plymouth colonies

were located:

A

C

B

Plymouth


were located:

A

C

B

Jamestown


were located:

A

C

B

Maryland

Read Page 141-142Separatist &

Puritan Pilgrims

Catholic Pilgrims

Jamestown

What was the primary reason for the settlement of

Jamestown?

A. Freedom of Religion. B. To make money. C. To escape the civil war in

England. D. It was established as a prison

colony.

Jamestown

In June of 1606, King James I granted a charter* to a group of London businessmen.

The Virginia Company, a joint-stock company**, was organized to establish a English settlement in the Chesapeake region of North America.

John Smith was one of 7 governors chosen to lead the enterprise.

Jamestown colonists given the same powers in governing in the Americas, as the English were given to govern at home.

- known as salutary neglect or benign neglect

* Charter: A legal contract** Joint Stock Company: Shared ownership (stock) in

a company

Geography: Jamestown, the first successful English Colony

Tidewater Region

James River

• The Virginia Company landed in Chesapeake Bay on May 14th, 1607.

• The site was chosen based on what it could provide: – 1. Protection from the elements (ocean currents, storms, etc).– 2. Protection from Spanish spies. (Spain controlled the majority of the

Americas in 1607.)– 3. Deep water ways in which ships could easily navigate.

Powhatan Indians

Chesapeake Bay“Great Shellfish Bay”

Which of the following statements about indentured

servitude is correct? A. Indentured Servants were men, women and

children of both African descent and from the poor white class in England that were brought to the Americas where they were purchased by “free” colonists (both Black & White) to work as a “servant” for a certain period of time.

B. Both African and European indentured servants had the same status and rights in the Colonies.

C. Native American indentured servants were the most sought after because they knew the land and were hard workers.

D. All answers are correct. E. Two answers are correct

Who were they?

Made up of

-gentlemen

-adventurers

-craftsmen

-laborers

Appx 1/3 were indentured servants

Building James Fort

What archaeology has uncovered

Indentured Servants

• Indentured Servants:– Men, women and children of both African and

English descent that were brought to the Americas where they were purchased by “free” colonists (both Black & White) to work as a “servant” for a certain period of time.

Indentured Servant• As servants, they were housed and fed by their

employers until they had completed their contract of service. (Usually 7 years)

• Once their term had been served, indentured servants were given their "freedom dues," which usually included land, supplies, and a gun.

• Black-skinned or white-skinned, they became free. They had worked off their debt and could now go and start a new life of their choosing in America.

Indenture Agreement

Indenture Agreement

This indenture made the ____________day of ____________________ in the eighth yeere of our Soveraigne King James, etc.___________________________ doth promise to the Virginia Company to serve fro the day of the date hereof until his arrival in Virginia, and after during the terme of ___________years in such service as the Virginia Company shall imploy him.In consideration whereof, the Virginia Company doth promise to pay for his passage, and find him Meat, Drinke, Apparelle and Lodging with other necessaries. And at the end of the terme to give him one whole yeere of corne.

In Witness thereof, ___________________________________hath put his hand and seale.

What happened to the first settlement funded by Queen Elizabeth I in North America? A. They disappeared. They were later

found living with the Cherokee in Florida. B. They ran out of food and turned to

the Spanish for help. C. Their first attempt was successful. It

was later turned into the first colony "Virginia", named after the first settler born in the colonies- Virginia Dare

D. They disappeared. The only clue to their disappearance is the word CROATOAN carved into a post.

For a clearer understanding of what occurred at Jamestown read pages 122-126 in your history textbook. Answer the questions in your packet.

A. Why was Roanoke unsuccessful the first time it was established? What happened?

B. What was the name of England’s first permanent colony in America?

C. What hardships did the first settlers in Jamestown face?

D. What role did Captain John Smith play in the success of the once struggling Jamestown settlement?

E. What was the crop that finally helped Jamestown and its economy flourish and grow?

F. Who had the authority to refuse laws passed by the House of Burgesses?

Jamestown: Background Readings

Colonists ran short of food and fled for England at the first chance

Jamestown

Governor of the London Company

Tobacco

Ordered the colonists to start building up the colony and bargained with the Native Americans for supplies

No experience living in the wilderness, many died from the hard life

What is the best definition of the “Great Migration?”

A. Thousands of Englishmen died B. The migration of over 16,000

Puritans (30,000) to the Americas from 1630- 1640.

C. Thousands of Europeans migrated across North and South America

D. Three answers are correct.

America’s Pilgrims

Great Migration: The migration of over 16,000 Puritans (30,000) to the Americas from 1630-1640

Define the following terms: Great Migration, Commonwealth, toleration, Fundamental Order of Connecticut

Commonwealth: A self governing political unit

Toleration: The acceptance of different beliefs

Fundamental Order of Connecticut: The minister Thomas Hooker led a group to Connecticut. They developed a written plan of government or constitution. It allowed for a elected assembly and elected governor

PilgrimsThe Background Story

As the Civil War came to a head Separatists, Puritans,

Catholics and High Anglicans fled England and came to America where they could

practice religion as they wished.This is known as the Great

Migration (appx 30,000 immigrants came to the

Americas)

Be sure to write the remainder of the text in your workbook in the notes section

Who were the individuals involved in the colonization of Massachusetts Bay

Colonies (be careful to differentiate between Mass Bay Co. and Plymouth

Colony)? A. William Brewster, Squanto,

Massasoit B. John Winthrop, William Bradford,

Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson.

C. Lord Baltimores (Cecil Calvert & George Calvert).

D. John Smith, John Rolfe, Pocahontas

Settling the New England ColoniesRead Pages 132-135 in your text

1. Why did the Puritans settle the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

2. Why did settlers move from Massachusetts Bay to Rhode Island and Connecticut?

3. Who is (A) John Winthrop? (B) Roger Williams? (C) Anne Hutchinson? (D) And Thomas Hooker?4. Define the following: (A) Great Migration, (B) Commonwealth, (C) Toleration, (D) Fundamental Order of Connecticut

They hoped to build a Christian Society that would be a model for the rest of the world... A city upon the hill

Puritans did not believe in religious toleration, those who believed differently left to establish their own settlements

The American Pilgrims

• America & Religion

Who are (A) John Winthrop? (B) Roger Williams? (C) Anne Hutchinson? (D) Thomas Hooker?

John Winthrop: A well to do lawyer and

landowner, he was granted a charter by Charles I to form the Massachusetts Bay

Company

Roger Williams: A young preacher that wanted separation of

church and government (state)

Anne Hutchinson: An intelligent woman who led a bible study group. She preached that God spoke to man directly;

not through the church. When kicked out of

Massachusetts she settled in Rhode Island

John Winthrop Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson

• Thomas Hooker• A minister who led his

congregation from Massachusetts to Connecticut.

• Worked out a plan of government known as the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut—1st American Constitution.

• All men who were property owners could vote.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a3/Hooker.jpg

What was a common punishment in Colonial

America?

A. Burning at the stake. B. Attendance at public schools C. Removal from church D. Use of the stock and/or pillory

Documents

The most dominant Nation during the "Age of Early Exploration" searching for new trade routes and the one most responsible for the settlement of the