The belief that people’s loyalty should belong to a nation of people rather than a king/queen is called?

Nationalism A nation with its own government and territory is

called a? Nation-state What meeting was held in Austria to stabilize

Europe and restore the old monarchs to power after Napoleon’s exile?

Congress of Vienna What alliance system was established to prevent

wars from breaking out between European countries?

Concert of Europe Which Austrian led the Congress of Vienna? Metternich Which three political philosophies struggled for

control in European societies in the first half of the 19th century?

Conservative, Liberal, Radical Which group thought that democracy should

extend to all people? Radicals Which group wanted to protect the traditional

monarchies of Europe?

Conservatives Which political group wanted to give more power

to democratically elected parliaments? Liberals Which part of the world saw many successful

revolutions after the American/French revolutions? South America Which country gained its independence from

France after a successful slave revolt? Haiti Which large South American country gained its

independence from Portugal?

Brazil Were Nationalistic Revolutions generally

successful in Europe? No What are some of the positive results of

nationalism? Unite for common good, overthrow colonial rule,

tech/sci advancements, democratic gov., pride What are some negative results of nationalism? Extreme nationalism (Nazism), persecution of

minority groups, wars

Which two European countries unified as nations for the first time in the mid 1800’s?

Italy, Germany Which influential Prussian noble used nationalism

as a unifying force in Germany? Otto von Bismarck Which Prussian war was the final step towards a

unified Germany?

Franco-Prussian What was the name given to members of

Prussia’s nobility? Junkers Which movement reflected deep interest in nature

as well as human feelings and emotions? Romanticism Which painting style was developed as a reaction

to the strict realism of Renaissance art? Impressionism

This term refers to a series of innovations in farming that dramatically increased food production.

Agricultural Revolution Which new technique enabled farmers to

experiment with new seeding methods by building fences around parts of their land?

Enclosure system Which new technique kept soils filled with

nutrients due to farmers not over farming certain crops?

Crop Rotation What were some results of the Agricultural

Revolution? Increased population, increased need for

manufactured goods, fewer farmers, more food produced

What term refers to the movement of people from rural areas to cities?

Urbanization What term refers to the greatly increased output of

machine-made goods beginning in the mid 1700’s? Industrial Revolution Which nation was the first to industrialize? Great Britain

What allowed Great Britain to industrialize so easily?

Stable government, natural resources, water power, ports, population, investors, banks

What term is given to risk takers who invest the capital to begin a business?

Entrepreneurs What are the three Factors of Production? Land, Labor, Capital Which industry in Britain was the first to

industrialize? Textiles

What were some new inventions used in the textile industry?

Flying shuttle, Spinning Jenny, Spinning Mule, Singer sewing machine, water frame

List three uses for James Watt’s new steam engine.

Factory engines, locomotives, steamboats Why was the “Macadam” road an innovation in

transportation? It allowed for heavier vehicles to travel by road Name three inventions in the communication

industry.

Telegraph, telephone, radio, Morse Code, phonograph

What was Henry Ford’s major contribution to industrialization?

Use of the assembly line What process calls for the heating of liquids such

as milk in order to kill bacteria? Pasteurization

Which theory suggests that species slowly change over time and that only the fittest of these species survive?

Theory of Evolution Who developed this theory? Charles Darwin Who discovered the energy released by certain

elements which they called radioactivity? The Curies (Marie and Pierre) What new science was developed to study the

human mind and human behavior? Psychology Who believed that many of man’s actions are

shaped by the subconscious and by past experience?

Sigmund Freud What is the term for the appeal of art, writing,

music, and other forms of entertainment to a larger audience?

Mass culture What is the name for the economic system in

which the factors of production are privately owned and businesses are run for profit?

Capitalism What are the main features of Capitalism? Free-markets, laissez faire, self-interest,

competition, supply and demand

Which Scottish economist developed many of the principles of capitalism?

Adam Smith What term refers to the economic system in which

the factors of production are controlled and operated by the government for the welfare of all?

Socialism What is the term for extreme socialism in which

the factors of production are owned and shared by all people?

Communism

Who developed the ideas of communism in his book The Communist Manifesto?

Karl Marx Which belief (capitalism or socialism) Businesses follow their own self-interest by

competing for the money of consumers. Capitalism Progress results when individuals follow their own

self-interest. Capitalism The community or state must act to protect

workers.

Socialism An unequal distribution of wealth and material is

unfair. A better system is to distribute wealth and goods according to each person’s needs.

Socialism Name some of the negative impacts of the

Industrial Revolution. Crowded/dirty cities, poor living conditions, long

workdays (14-16 hours), unsafe working conditions, child labor

What was the name for the extremely crowded and unsanitary buildings in which workers lived?

Tenements Groups of workers that joined together in

organizations to fight for reforms were called? Unions What could unions do as a last resort to demand

reforms from their employers? Strike What major reforms took place to correct the

abuses of industrialization? Min. wage, shorter workdays, no more child labor,

abolishment of slavery, begin fight for women’s rights.

The seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country is called?

Imperialism Which continent was the first to be divided up

among European nations due to its large amount of resources?

Africa Which conference laid out the rules for the division

of Africa with little to no regard for the people of Africa?

Berlin Conference

The belief that one race is superior to others is called?

Racism The belief that only certain races were “fit” for

survival and that others must be westernized or civilized is called?

Social Darwinism What factors made Africa an easy target for

imperialism? Many ethnic groups/languages, not united, inferior

technology, tons of resources, wars between groups

Which three groups fought for control of South Africa?

British, Boers (Dutch) and Zulu Which group won the Boer War and control of

South Africa? Great Britain Which country controlled by Great Britain was

known as the “Jewel in the Crown”? India Why was India called this? Tons of resources, large population and market for

British goods.

What was the name for Indian soldiers serving under British commanders?

Sepoys Was the Sepoy Mutiny successful in throwing GB

out of India? No, GB took direct control of India as a result. Which European nation colonized Indochina

(Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)? France Which Europeans controlled Indonesia? Dutch What was the policy whereby China allowed trade

with European countries? Open Door Policy

Name at least two of the three countries that the United States gained control of after the Spanish-American War of 1898.

Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico Under which imperialist policy did Europeans

govern people in a parental way, providing for needs but giving very little rights?

Paternalism Which policy used by the French called for local

populations to become “civilized” by adopting French culture and language?

Assimilation

What were some positive effects of colonial rule? Reduced local warfare, humanitarian efforts

increased sanitation, provided schools/hospitals, increased lifespan and literacy, aided economic growth

What were some of the negative effects of colonial rule?

Loss of control and independence, new diseases introduced by Europeans, thousands die in efforts to resist, famine, destruction of old cultures, careless division of land (Africa)