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Page delennined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 135211. S.c~on.JA
Uate: JUl 1 9 2013
Office of the Secretary ofDefens~.S.£.jST"2 Chief. RDD. ES,l{. WHS ~ Datc:1}fJUL £f)13 Authority: EO 13526 Declassify: X Deny in Full: __ ~ Declassify in Part: __ _
Reason: _---:-:::--::=--..... .------MDR: -.a-M-31$
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DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Declass DIY. WHS Dete: JUL 1 9 •
337 635
· .....
TENTH au ARTlCRLY PROGllESS REPORT
ON DISSlI:M.lNATION OF SOLID AND IJQUlD :SW AQENTS
(Uncl .... Uled Title'
This docump-nt consists of.~~_'l pages. and is number __ ~':-~ __ or __ ~S":_CUpjes, sartcs __ .1 ___ an .. the followlng __ '? ___ __ attclchments.
For Period September 4, 1962. - December 4. 196Z Contrat;t No. DA.18.064.CML.Z745
Prepared for:
U.· S. Army Biolo,ic .. l Laboratoriee Fort Detrick. Waryland
I' .. '-':J ,. n,.,l 1i
_ nil- i,)
Report No: 2373 Project No~ 8Z.08 Date: February 4. 196'
Submitted by; ",A.=...;;;.:,~~~~,~:;.:.;;~~-G. R. Whitnah
Appt aved by:
AEROSPACE aESl!lABCH ZZ95 Walnut Street
St. Paul 13. Mlnlle.ot&
Project )dana,er
-----....... -----.- -
I! 'I
DfiCI.A8SIP'ee IN PULL AlIu,c,rlty; EO 13526
.....
~"Ief. ReaorcJs & 0ecIass DIY. WHS ~"'; JUL 1 9 201S
- - ------~--------------
AD 337 635 -
DEFENSE DOCUMENTATION CENTER FOR
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAl INFOtlMATION CAMERON STATION. AlEXANORIA. VIRGINIA
CON'KDEl'SJ JIXX __
DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526
g::~. RlllrS t §~DIV. WHS
II01'ICI: \lUll lOW ....... or otber ckav1Dp) l;peelt1e&'C101U1 01' otl:Ill' data are uae4 tor e:rq PIIZ'POee otbel' than :l.1l ~ct:l.OIl V1t11 .. d.et1l11tely ftl.ate4. IO"Z'IIMnt Pl'OOIU'CIIent Opel'at:l.cm, the U. 8. aoTU,.n1: thel'lllb1 ineura 110 alpcull1Wt" 1)01' U1 01111 .. 1:1= wat.oevuJ aD4 the tact that tbe aov.l'IIIUDt .., ba .... tol'llllll&te4, tva1I11ae4, or 1xa IIII¥ ~ 1Nppl11Cl the .a:l.l1 drav1Dp, lpec1t1~tlcml, or ot.hez' 4&1:& 11 DOt to be reprdecl bJ 1IIIpUca'ticm or ot.bervi.. aa 111 &D,Y IIIDOel' llollllB1Ds the bo141tr or azq otMr pel"lOA or corporatica, Or COl2V~1IfI ~ r::I.pta 01' peZll1.llol1 to IIIIUII1:t.ctUft) \lie or aell CJI:¥ patlDtld :l.n'l8l1t10%1 tbat Ia7 111 IUI1 VIl7 be Z'Ua'te4 ~ereto.
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• • 1·1 mill 3d 777
!Ita .' ; 22& g,
•• I IIII
7 au F 1 ...,.,.
. . ed'to be Unclassified
Page detenTlin WHS . d Chief, ROD.
~~r; 13S26, Section 3.5
uate: JUt t 9 2D13
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I: i'
VOllEWORD
Staff member. of the Aerollpace R ••• al'ch Depal'tment and En,h .. erln,
Depazotmea& who hav. participated in cUr,edns anel performin. the work re
portee! hereia incluele M .. ,.. S. P. Jou •• Jr •• G! WhUliah. M. Sand,rn, A. Aa4erlon. R. l.lndquh&. J. McQillicuddy, J. Uptall, C. Ha.berl.
W. I... Tor.elon. S. Steinber,. P. Stroom. O. Modltt. J. Waleel'l. A. T.
SaUft'lh. T. Pet,hen. D. Hal"l'la.&oa., a, Ackroyd. D. It,ell. B. Schmidt.
G. t.uule, R. DaJalbel'l. R. lCtindall. Z. lCAll~.on, J. una', D. Stenar, H. Kuhlman, O. GraM.,., J. PUlleY. A. Johillon. and R. Wenard.
11
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROO. WHS lAW EO 13526. SfC,tiOnll Uate: JUl t 9 zoa
WAldlas'lIE
ABSTRACT
Thla T.atb Q\l&r~uly Prolre .. aeport 10 .. the putod from Septembe" •• 196Z to Dec.mb.!'.. 196Z preaent. the .... ult. of continued work under COIl
tract lJA-II-064-CML-Z745, "DI .. emin.tlon of Solid and Liq,uid BW Alellca".
The l'e.ulta of the .tudt •• of the mechanic. of dry powd.ra are cUe-
cua .. d under two headin.a: compaction charac:tel'iectca of dry powdere. and
the bebavlo" of powdeu in the compacted at .. te. Purely theoretical .tudi ..
are pr .. enteel which alre, with nalllta of expelilimental inv.aU.atio"e.
Improvement. to the aeropbllomeCer u.ed to study pS'opeS'tiu pi .el'o.ola
are d"eliltbad. Exp.rim.ntal anel th,oredcal inveaUaatione are diacuaeed
which damonatrate that .glomeration ta of no cone.quane. In the experimen
tal apparatu •.
Flow rate data .... p ..... nt.d from t.ata in whlch the fu11-ecale elCPui
mentall •• der wa. u,ad to t.a. powdered .ul&r, naur. an4 talc. wlih a rat.
of 91 Ib/min beias achieved with compacted talc.
Experiment. are de.cribed in which loamad plaattc w •• u.ed to eneap
eulata cylinclel'l of compacted powde .. which wer8 .ub.eq,uently fed throu.h
the exp.rimental f.edere A suffici.ntly .trolll packa.e hal not y.t been
obtained.
SIlcce .. fullaboratury and field tOitinl of tho E-41 Spray Tank for ciry
alent. ie dl.cu .. ed. The etructUl'al teet report and a preliminary report of
the air-worthine .. nilht t .. t. are pru.nt.d. Laboratory functional teet.
are deecribed.
Plan. lor biolo,ical flight teete with both the E-·U and E-4Z Spray Tank.
at Dugway Provin, Ground are dl.ett •• ed.
iii
nll2 2ZaCl.~
DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Recqrgs & ~~Iv. WHS Date: tJUL 1 ~ 7lJ1lS
Section.
1.
2.
3.
".
ella 8m_
TABLE 01' CONTENTS
TiUe Pal.
INTRODU CTlON' 1-1
THZORETICAL .ANI) EXPERDoCDlT AL STUDIES 01' THE 2·1 MECHANICS or DRY POWDERS
2.1 Compaction Charactel'iltic. 01 Dry Powdere 2.1 Z. 1. 1 Experiment&). Compaction Sb&clLe. 2.-2 Z. 1. Z Theol'8ttcal Con.illerationa in the Compaction of 2-19
Powder. Z.Z The Beharior of Powder. 1n the Compacted State 2-25 Z. Z. 1 EJlpuimental EvaWallOD of the Bulk Stren.th of 2-206
Compacted Powdere Z. Z. 2. Theoretic&! Iave.ti,attoll. of the Mechardea 01 2-56
Compacted Powdere Z. l Phyaical and. Chemical Chara.eterletics of the 2-65
Powder Particle 2. l. 1 Particle S1..e Analyde 2-61
AEROSOL STUDIES 3·1
3.1 Experimental Work 3-1 3. I. I Compa.rleon 01 Diaperaina Method. 1·1 3.1.2 Modilic:atlou to Apparaaua 3-3 3. J. 3 Study of CODcentl'abon Effecte 3-6 3. 1.4 Summary of Experimental Work 3.2" 3.2 Theoretical l!:ltimate. of AlJlomer&tloft 3-2-' 3. Z. 1 Enersy Coneiciel'&tiol1e 3-2-' 3.2.2. AD Eltimate of ASllomel'aUcn in the Cae. of 3-28
Tra.n.quiL a.miDI 3. Z. 3 Coaau.latiOft Due to Brownian Motion 3-31 3.2.4 Effect. of Particle Charrce 00. ASilomeratioll 3-33 3. Z. 5 Summary of AJllomerat on Eetlmat.e S-U 3.3 hwl'. WOJ'k 3-35
CONTINUATION 01' I:XPE1UMENTS WITH THJ: FULL- "-1 SCALl'!: FEEDER FOR COMPACTED DRY AOENT SD4U LANT MATERlALS
4. 1 Powderecl SIi.ar atad IfJett! Flour Te.ta 4-1 ",-Z Feedllll Talc at 90 lb/min 4-3
lv DECLASSII'I!D IN I'ULL AuthOrity: EO 13526
AS'.SClU_ Chief, Records & Declass Dlv. WHS Date: JUt 1 9 2013
I. .um.,·.
T ABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
SecHoe T1Ue Pal.
5. FII..LING THE DRY AOENT DISSEMINATING ST01UC 5-1 (l:-4,l SPRAY TANK) .
6.
7.
8.
5.1 5, Z
Encapaulatlon UltnS Foamed Plutic Loader for J'Ulin, with Compacted Powder
ASSDlBLY AND TEST OF THE PROTOTYPE Day AGDJ'r DISSDlINATINO STORE (E-41 SPRAY TANK)
6.1 6.z 6.3 6.4
Fabrication aud A .. embly Laboratory Structural Teatl Labor&to2'Y J'w:LcUoaal rut. Flipt Teat. at Naval Air Teat Center, Patuxent lUvar, Maryland.
PREPARATIONS FOR 8IOLOOICAL FLIGHT TESTS AT DUGWAY PROVING allOt1ND
7. 1 7.1.
Planning Meeting at Dulway ProviAI Ground Preparationl for Flll1nl rn .. emina.tol'l with Biologlcal Matel'ial. for Fli,ht T .. tl
StnQ&AR.Y AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
6-1 6-5 6·6 6-&
7-1
APPENDIX A. ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS A.I
APP!.NDIX B. FLIGHT TESTS OF PROTOTYPE AIRBOIUili: 8.1 BW SPRAY TANKS ON THl!: A-4C (A4D-ZH) AIRCRAl'T
v
•• 1' •••• '"
DECLASSIJrI!O IN FULL AuthOrity: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Deciass Dlv. WHS Date: JUt 1 9 me
I
r I."".SI I&' I LIST OJ'ILLUSTRATIONS
Fi,ure Title Pa,_
Z.l Compaction Curves (or !a and 8m at Z Percent R. H. Z-4 .1 ObtaLlled. Di.rcctly from InetrOnMac:hil1e
2.2 Compaction Stu ... Oensity Relation.hips {or Several 2-5 Powder.
Z.3 Bulle Density of Powdered Susar aa a FUndioft of Dbtanc:e from Piston at Varioua Compre. aive Loads
2-7
2.4 Compariaoft of the Variation of Bulk Density of 2-8 Various Compacted Powders at Nea:rly the Same Compru live Loa.cl
2.S A Study of the Effect of Handlinl Techniques Oft the 2-9 Bulk Density of Un.compacted Powdered Su,ar
2.6 :&~lk-D.nsity Apparatus 2-10
Z.7 Compaction Mechani.m of Bulle Powcl.era 2-11
2.8 Varlation of Shear Strength with Compre .. lve St,.. .. 2-1" at Z Percent Relative Humidi.ty
2.9 VU'latlon of !baar Strenlth with Compreillve 51.7e .. 2-15 at 15 Percent Relative Humidity
~. 10 VU'laCion of She.r Stren!lth with Compl'euLve Stre .. 2-16 at 30IA Relative Humidity
Z.ll VU'lation of Shear Strength with Comprenive Str ... 2-17 at 45". R.lative Humidity
Z.U V&I'iation of Shear Strerlst~. with Compr ... lve St?eu at 60~ Relative Humicl1ty
Z-l&
Z.13. The oretic 1.1 Interpretation of the Compactioa. Sbeal' Z-Zl Strenllth of a Powder
1 Z,13b Theoretic.I She.r Loci lor a Compacted Powder Z-Zl
1 Z.l. Stre .. Relation.hip_ Durin, Compaction of .. Powder Z-Z3
I which R81\11t in Anisotropic Behavior of the Com-pactect Powder
I DECLASSIFIED IN FUll vi AuthOrity: EO 13526
'.''Plrsl'l! r Chief, Records & Declass Dlv, WHS
I Date: JUt 1 9 2013
r
Flere
2.15
2.16 .
l.l1
Z.18
1..19
Z.ZO
Z.21
• 1.. ZZ
Z. Z3
Z.Z4
Z.25
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)
Title Pa,.
Experimellt&l Determination of Shear Loci £01' Saccharin by the Direct Shear Te,t (Slidiu, DiU:) Technique
Comparhon between Experlmeatal Compaction Data and the Shear Strenath of Compacted Powder Sample. Determined from Triaxial Teata - Sa.ec:harin
Comp&rilOQ between Experimental Compaction Data and the Sear Stl'enph of Compacted Powder SampJu Determined from Tri&Jdal Teatl -. Ell Albumin
CompariiOll between Experimental Compaction Data and the Shear Strensth of Compacted Powder Sample. Determined from Triaxial Teate -!!1 Compad.OD hehlreee. Experimental Compaction. Data and the Shear Strength of Compacted Powder SallZlpl •• Determined from Triaxial Teate - !.!!l Va.riatton of Bulk Ten.lIe Strength and Bullr. Oel1l1tty with Di.t&l1ce from Ptaton lor l!wdered ~1J .. r. Compreulve Load 12.17 x 10 dytte,Icm .
Val'iation of Bulk TenaUe Strength and Bulk Denaity with Dhtance from Piaton {or Powdered ~Iar. Compneaive Load 10.59 x 105 dynee/cm
Variation of Bulle Ten.Ue Strenath and Bulk Den.ity with Di't&lI.ce from PbtOA !or Powden! Su,ar. CompTeuive Load 5.5 x 105 dyne./c:m
Variation of Bulk TenaUe Strenlth with Oenaity for Powdered SU,AI'
Variation of Bulle. TenaUe Strength with Bulk Density for Zinc Cadmium &l.l£1c1e
meet of Lenjtb of Compre,aiol:l upon the Tenan. 5 Streo,&b 0:£ ZnCdS. Compreuion Load 12.17 x 10 dyn .. /cm2
DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526
2-2.8
2-32
2-33
2-34
2-35
1·38
Z-39
Z-.fO
2 .... 1
Z-U
2·44
CI'Iief, Record, & O6j:lass Olv. WHS Date: JUL 1 ~ 2013
vii
00""'223 a
,I ,. .:
.1
i 1 1
Fi~re
Z.26
2.27
2.28
2.2.9
2.30
2..11
2.32
2..33
2..3.
2..35
2..36
2..37
Z.38
2. '9
Z.4()
3. I
3. Z
M ..... ",
LIST 01' ILLUSTRATIONS (Conttnuec:L)
Title Pya
Triaxial Telt Specimen, shown after Failure 2-45
Compaction App&r&tus ~-"8
Deeornpre .. ion Apparatus 2.50
Su.pended Powder Specimen 2.-51
Cracking Caused by SulJcritical Decampre8liol1 (Talcum Powder. Density O. b8am/ee. Pre .. ure
2.-53
Drop 60 mm Hil
Break Cau.ed by Critical Decompl'e .. ion {Talcum 2-54 Powder, Den.ity 0.68 Im/ec, Pre .. ure Drop 80 mm HI'
Explolive Failure eauaed by Supercritical o.com- 2.-55 preuion (T&lcum Powder. density 0.68 gm/ee, Pre .. ure Drop 290 mm Hg)
Elastic Madulu. lor Compacted Saccharin as a Function 2.-57 of Denelty (Compaction StrelB··Denalty Curve shown for Comparhon)
Furc:el Acting on "Typical" Particle at Shea1' Plane Z-59
Str ... Relationship. at the PoilU of Shear Failure 2-61
Thlloretical Shear Loci for a = O. 8, ~ = 0." ancl for 2-64 Several Values 01. the Cohesion Parameter r
Material - Cornetarch Prepared in Jet Pulverizer 2-68
Material - Saccharin Prepared in Jet Pulveriser 2-69
Material - Talc 2·70
Material - !m 2-11
Concentration of Diapera1na Methode (lao ma Samples) 3-2
Fluctuation Trace 3-5
viii
.""BE"· or DECLASSI'II!D IN IIULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Declass DIy, WHS Dete: JUl 1 9 all!
I I I
L
1 •
1 1
Fien
l. 3(a)
3.4(a)
3.5(a)
3.61.)
3.7( .. )
3.3(b)
3.4(b)
3.5(b)
3.6(b)
l.7tb)
3.8
3.9
4.1
6.1
•• £a2au,&
LIST or ILLUSTRATIONS (CoDtiuUlcl)
TiUe Pya
CoftCentration Run. for Talc 3-7
Concentration RUDI for Cornltart \0. 3-8
Coucentratior. Runl for Powdered SuII.1' 3-9
Concentration Rune for Powdered Milk 3.1Q
Coucentration RIlIl. for Saccharin 3.1l
Conclntration B.~1l1 for Talc 3·U
Concentration Runl for Cornltarch 3-14
Concentration aune far Powderld Suaar 3·15
Concentration Rune for Powdered Milk 3-16
Concentration QIlUI for Saccharin 3.17
SZ/F1. vereul Tim. 3·Z1
"Z/l&QS veuue Time l-U
Powder Flow Raw Cllrvee for Second Experimental '-Z Unit J'eedtna J'loul' and Powdlred Su,ar
Laboratory Operation of the £-·U Spray Tau 6·7
ix
•• "S! ... DECLASSIIfI!O IN 'ULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Declass Dlv. WHS Date: JUl 1 9 Z013
•
1
· . ., ... ..,. TENTH QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT
ON DISSEMINATION OF SOLID AND UQUID BW AGENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
This Tenth Quarterly Prolrell Repor~ c:overa the wo,k perfOl:~~d \\ndez- ' ..
Contract DA-18-064.CML.2145 during the. tb~ee-moll.~h period en.dint .
December 4. 1962. The scope c: this progr~m incluaea. ~i=~ret,~a1 ~n,d experimental atudies in .evera! areas relateefta the di",~.tnin&tiorl. .. ~r B:W
aaenh, and a1ao the design, fabrication incl t •• tinl at prot~type unite of
external.,tore airborne ~isumin.torB (or l1Cluid'and soHd BW' .... nt.. B~. cau •• of the broad .cope of the proara.m, the. tYPe. Cl~ .•. U9Sacts· ~uC!~' •.• ecJ:-tn
thie report vary considerably. Additional bac:k,roulld inf~,:,~atiori- ~~. eia¢ll, .
area of interelt ill avaUabl. in OIU' previoul Quarterly Progre .. a.~.t •. on. :
this Conu'a.ct.
Dur'", the period covered by this report, fabrication wa •. cOnn:',lated Oft ~
the E·4l Spray Tank for di ... minatioQ of dry finely-divided BW a~~\ •• • • .~.fYl4.
Thl. prototype unit wa •• blpped to the Patuxent Ri~.r. Naval AIr '~~ori" .... , where tbe night te.tt to demonstrate the &ir-worthtnell!""~cl func;ti~n .. r c~pa.", bWti., of the cit. ... mlnator were CQnducted: The 'di •• eminator per!or~ed Bucce •• fully in the •• tea'. and did not produc:~ 'any unueuai elfect.''c;n'ati- ,. .
craft perfornlance. Completion of the fabrscati.on and the •• t.ita oJ. ~,-~~l
were two 01 the major SOds (of the pr"lr&m.
1-1
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• ;. ..... w ..
DECLASSIFI!O IN IIfULL Authority: EO 13526
.,'
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•• "' •• 2"H Chief, Records 8. Declass DIY, WHS Date: Jt.IL 1 9 20JS
- .' !-
2.. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE MECHANICS OF DRY POWDERS
The followillg "etton.1 el •• cribe the current stlltua of our coordinated
theoretical and experimental effort. 1n the c:hara.~torl.ation of pa:rticulate ",
• ~: ~~. ':'!';'", ma.terial.. W. intend that thh activity wlll e:xpand our fundamental know-
"., "..,',' " : ' :" • ~.. '. ledge of fine "Ptltic1e technolOgy and will ruu.1t In the development of both
I' ~ .'., '-" , , ,th\o,"ie. a.nd expel')menia.) tlchnique •• ufficiently accura.te to clani" fille
,. ~:. '" :'::.:~/'.::, ! : .. pb~de'l' techn"o!~IIY ;: "exact" science.
" ~:; E.~':;:,:,,~,~',',',",:,,~:'~-:, :':,j .:.~' :.' Siili:~-'Qu'r'''experi~el'L£al activity !requenUy involve» the development of .:'::' ". entirely new techl'Liquea. we .mu.t c!bn.tantly evaluate our efforte to deter-
, : ~ine whetllb'r the c1au. obtained ~~ '~~dt~,ec'l meaaure 01 a t'undamental powder
'.. prope rty"or. repre8enta a value clo.ely relat8ti to that property. Both typel
'!.::l:i::-:-:.t ', ~"',::,.'::~-, , -' ,," ! . .... ~""" ",'~.. ...
.; .~.: .:~:}. ... : {? . I " • • ···.,1
' .. ,..:- 1,.:(,"' 0,: .:""'~ .'.J. • ,-_ ... \"
• H ••
'" ... -. t ...... ' ',:: ~',
I~ •• • .. " , .....
('
i , ... •.. '.
_", II
. ,..... .-,'0£ lnCormatiol'L are of sisn1flcant value, bu~ ...... r.ttould be able to c:Ultinsuiah
, '" ,on~,-'r~m' th.~ other, 'In- ord~_r .~~ ~~:a~ii~?':tha.t the tm.ractedutiona we have
ma,4e, are, f~nelal1),e~tal pr~perti .. ·of powder. and not a. functi0ll.of apparatua
·d .. il~' ,~e ar'. dete,rmin'i~i the 'powder property wherever .po-.ai.lIie by more
than one indep~~dent,J'n~thod·". Thi~ app~oach I.a eia,ential to any rllpolldbl.
.cienUnc endeavor. ' '.':'- - '.., :", ,,'_ ."
We al'~ now in thf! proc;,':~,a it' det~r~inl~K·the e_~.riY, coric.Ptr~.tion. that
cause powd,,~"to .h.~r:.~~:·~ornPa~~, '~nd to lail u'n'der t~~.i'6n::'·W~"are , " • -..... . • II'
learnilll how readily ~"'._e -powders "diaperee &n~ the model And rAt .. by
which tbe aerolol 10 lorm~4'dec:aYI.: Certai'lly basic tl) all thea!! c:haracteril
tic. I, ih~ natu;. of the' ~ur£':ce of the particle itlelf. A pro8ram of .tudy i.
"', - 'now underway which.ha. al 1t! goal the detel'ml''1atlon of total .url.ce area of
,-' th. particle a. w;il &1 ttl rUlolity. ad'Qrptlvity, and chemical reactivity. f)1~:f~~-. .... :
.~ Z. 1 Compaction Characteriat1c:. ot Drl .P~~.!.!..
During our .tudy ot the mlchanic. of powder., It haa become apparent
that the mOlt di,tlnctiv. feature of micl'on~li.ze powdeU i. their ability to b.
compacted. In contra.at to materiall luch:1.B sa.nd and malt .oU media that
Z-l
Page determined to be unclB88lf1ed Reviewed Ctllef. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. s.otlon U uate: JUL 1 9 d
, ....
expand whUe beiDI .heared, lindy-ground powdera are found to un<1.rlo
compaction when eheared.
Compaction of th ••• powdeu ta directly relateel to the fact that the bulk
clen.tty ot. a frubly-.rouftcl po.der i.e generally a amall fractioa. of the den
.ily of the .0Ud material. Thil may in turn be attributed to the larle .ur
face aMr,y of the Bround material relative to the gravitational potential
ellel'IY of the powder mall. The bulk density of a powder may of courle be
insr ••• ed by the_ .pp,1icadon of comprellin .tr ...... but thll further ill~
cr ....... ;,l\,:c:oii'.ct en..rIY of·th. powder per unit ma... A •• relult. como ~-.~~~.tS tiO,wal' "~~le, .I~re iMel to po ..... c:on.i~er~bl. 'bulk 8tl'lnlth.
.r ~
,U ,~. ,.~~;~ ~rief: di~~u •• ion" ~~iie_t. tliat compacti~o. phe,no~.na .maY .,.11 b~". . .. ' . ... )he:'key ~,~e behavtor 'of .fi,II..!81y-.round powders. For this r~uoni " we Ila.ve ~,
.. ':, ~ide-a con.!.de.Mble eff~~t t~ d~,;ei~p:vaiici c.oncl!ptl of the comPaction pr'o'- .. . ..I: .... "" . ~ .. • .. ... ~ .I. J • .. •
• '.,'~:.; ce' •• : ~r r~~~Il~:t~orettc:"l:ancl experimental work in thie area ie reported_
:.,.,:.j>~.: ~~~~:.. " ' ..... -... ,~:::~ .,2, I': 1 ·EJcperlmebtal'-C.ompactton Studtes
...... ".~-~, d. ~ ',',J' .. :., ··~#"'w ... :.:·. .. .. •
. -- :~,~,~-··v":;;~ ~p.8 of C·OinP~~-t~~-·t.·~t.ha.ve been carried out durinl the current
.>... - ".'7' :.teP,Ort period: 1) te.'. of a numbe; o( p~dera \n the In.troll compactiaa. , .. -" .• ~ ua.lt~· tR- d'etermin. the ab.olute compaction characteriitici of th.se powd.ra.
-.-- . ·"~-:'hd·2) te~~tto determine the density c1tlt1'tbution In a compacted powder ....... . _ . .. - •.•.• :"eolwdlC-,A nu.mb;r di these compl.ction·tt.lttll'wl'Il'e cllt'ri'!d out in eOftjunc-
...... "" tion with ehoar tolt. to c1.t.rml~ tho relation.hip between the ahe.r
~ .. ' streilith of .. compacted powder.lample a~d the comprelsive ItUI. em-- .' .. . plO,Yed to com~.ct the .ampb.
"L... ~ _ ," _... • ••
•. ' '.,'*, . ,;:,' .. .. .
.... .,. Z, '1.1. 1 Experimental Str ••• -D.riaity Relation.hip.
Compaction .t" ... AI a iUtlctloQ of deo.ity ha» been determined for
.. v.ral powde,. by UI. 01 the cOmpaction apparatus shown in FiJlUrI! 2. 1 of I
the Nlftth Quarte7'ly Pro.re .. Report. Teat. were conducted tn an Inltron
Page determined to be UnclaSsified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
lJate: JUl 1 9 2013
tnt machine at a unin raw of O. OZ inche. per minute (tpm). The .tre ••
appU,d to a !J. pOwcWl' lIample wae recorded continuoully cNl'i.1lI compa.ctioft.
relulUn, in a atrell-cl.e!ormat1on curv. typifiad by Fiaure 2. 1,
Re.ulta of theae teat. are ahown in Filura Z.2. Beeau •• of the wiele
ranle in appll.d IItrenea, the data Are plotted logarithmically. It i.
apparent from the linearity of theee curve a that the empirical relaUonehlp
(Z. 1)
accurately d •• criba. the compactlon proc ... in the ran" of interelt. De
p&rNr.1 from thil relation.hlp oec:ul' lot v.ry hlah .tr ••••• , where the
Itrell lncrea •• a 1 ... rapidly with incna.lng denaity. It may abo b. ob
aerved that the curve for aaccharln .ta.pen. at low denatU .. (p < 0.48 ,/em3).
Thil may have been caua.d by the exiatence of large void apace. in the teat
powdlr in thil denaity ran,e. Three telta _re carried out at different
times for iroUtUl ~ (lot 17). In eomparln, the •• teat data, one .houlcl I\ote
that the slope. (meuured by the exponent m in Equation (2. 1» are idetitical.
but that the curvet au aubject to ecale ahilta {or reaeone no' clear at pu
aent.
In ,eneral, we expect that the compaction. eurve will eh1it to the 1'tIAt
with iner.ulna particle Ii.e. Tbla ia exempll.ff.ed by the cIU·Ve. for Iround
and unll'ound eil albumin aampl .. with MMD in. the ran •• from 3 to 190
micron.. Mol.tur. content wuuld .1.0 be expected to inJ'luence the compac
tion. proce... CUl've 3 for !land. the curve for ~ ware obtained with
powder samples conditioned for over 24 hours at 8. relative humidity o. about
Z percent. III the ca .. of~. the appreciable c:lbplacement of curve 1 n1a
tive to curve. 1. and 3 i. an incentive for further cOlllpaction tettlna under
l'iJOl'oualy controlled environmental conditione 8.nd with lamplell of known
.1ze cllatribuUcll.
2-3
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 1;1,526. St.cti~5 LJete: Ju l 1::1 w'"
-40 .....
~36 Z :l32 o e; 28 lIJ U 24
~ I&. 20
N
'" z 2 16 I-
ij;~" Y 12 <CD III ~
~~~.'g a: o:EQ. ~
c:..w&\%- 4: 8 :=~~~. 0 _..,~! U 4 tOto o
g.pg D~~~
CltcnQ.
= i
, I
FIG. 2.1 COMPACTION CURVES FOR I lUi AND bP AT 2 PERCENT R.H. J J AS OBTAINED. DIRECTLY FROM :1 / INSTRON MACHINE.
,: : I I I . I I I .11 ,
, ) 8m ,
V . -. -, (POWDER MASS 10.88)-./ ' ' ... . :.~. It V .
~ V ~ ~ ~ li (LOT 17-
1<': --'t (POWDER MASS: 8.841.) " . ~.".. . l I J J I . 0.02 ,,'. . .. 0.04 Q06 o.oa 0.10 0.12
." '!t" .. '.~' f.. *
~ -.:, .'~; ~:PISTON.. DISPLACEMENT (INCf£S) ~ -::-;',": .. 1~ . -~ .. .': >' -. . .' ..' .' ~. t
.' •. l
014
• I: ::
.. ' .
.... ,',
... t ~.:>,:"" :_ t
...... ., . , ~. :V:; .. " • .-' "'1' . , ....
. t·,., ",...~ WI .. ,
.,
N a u
1--
r-~-+-+-+--~h)- • '~'''- "1 I j t· ,', " ... .
............. -.... -.~. . : ;',.:l, . '(
'J
,~ .~ (\' '. :. ',t]
: jI\' -:
X 1 0" t=:::;==-Jt.~-:k.::::::::t:~~:t=±:::t::f:;:==:t:=-.:..= .:,' t·· ...
4~ I •. S.&cchad._..+----I .. ' ',,":,
/1 o. -Sm.. .'.
~~~. m''''''''''"':'-'''~ , Q'.!J: -:- ", 5:E :' -. ~ til. Alb •
~~--~~~~-+--~.~.~,-~ I h
... ",
. ,. ,., . .'
0,2' a.s O;!f 0.7 .o·~t-:; 1.0'" 1.5 .,' " . 2.0
.... :. ..... .,,~ . .- ~ ......... -... ~ ..... .. Fia. Z. Z Compaction &tr ... -Density RelationlhlpIJ for Several Powder.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD, WHS
2.5 lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
Uate: JUL 1 9 2013
f I.
Z. 1.1. a B\\Ut Denlity of Compr ... ed Powden
Sinee powdered lugar w ... conltel.red .. po .. ible luh.titut. fDr ~ I.a
di .. emination experiment •• it W.I dellrahle to obtain information Cc;lD.Cern
il'lS the compaction characteristic. and bullt-deneity variation. of thil powder
uuder compreulon. The .. pparatull and techniques used are identical to
tho.e prlviou.ly deacribedZ in which the loo.e bulk powder iI u,ed to lUI •
• esmented column 5 -3/32,-inch ID. Followin. compre .. ion of the powder.
the column i. cut into l-inch .esment. to determine it. overall den.tty varia
Uon. In the apparatul ducribed. the total column length of uncompacted
powder was 2.0 inches.
The reeuUI of thl •• 81181 of expe~imeDt. are preeented in Flpte. 2. 3.
Z.4. and Z. 5. Stllee the bulk material 1. already quite den.e. relatively low
compre .. ive loads (Fi.gure Z. 3) will yield a bulk density of lue!!. malD.ltucle
that conllderable difficwty may be explrl.enced when. ulina thll material in
the larse diueminatiol'\. eClulpment. The rate of decrea.e of b\U.k denll.ty
(Figure a.4) for powdered IUlar ie comparable to that of aaccharll1 but con
siderably lese than the rate for talc. F1lure 2.5 ehowl the marked Iffact
upon. the bulk clenllty of loose powdere reaulttnl !rom diHerent handling
techniquee, Curve A repreeentl the denlity vadadon of the 1001. powdlr
after fill ina \.he bulk-density apparatul in the prelcribecl way Z - that 11.
through a vloratlna Icreen - whereal higher den..triel reprellllted by C\lrve
B &re a reswt of Ullin, the apparatus directly from a. !lO-pound bal of pow
dered sUlat with a. larse haft.d ICOOp.
In view of the large volumes of powder required, future work with this
appal'l\tu. will be 1'ut1'icted to powders of specific interelt or to specific
experiment. in controlled-humtcUty environments. This work will provide &
compariJon of data obta.ined with the apparatus and da.ta obtained with other
amaller appara.tul now in use,
In order to obtain bulk-denltty informadon ulinll IImalL amount' of pow
der' in the controlled environment of a slove box. a new b1Ilk-clenllity appara
tul (Filure Z.6) hal been cluianed and labricated. Et h not only being u •• d
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Set:tion 3.6 Uate. JUL 19 Z013
-
I
DISTANCE FROM PISTON (I NCHES)
Fig. 2.3 BULK DENSITY OF POWDERED SUGAR AS A FUNCTION OF DISTANCE FROM PISTON
AT VARIOUS COMPRESSIVE LOADS. z • .,
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13~~. S~cU.on 3.5 Uata: tJUL l!:l 2013
1111
, , 1 .
I I
-'E " ..... 0 -,. .-in z ILl Q
~ !:) m
0.11
0."
...... -.
0."
0.80
0."
0.&2
0.48
..
.. ... '. ~ ...
••••• " ~.: .J
. ..... . '. ~. ." . : ... ., . o.a. -I. llltllil=~ •• ~~Li~~~.
o 24. 8 ~ ~
DISTANCE FROM PISTON (Inches) 14
FiQ. 2.4 COMPARISON OF THE VARIATION OF BULK DENSITY OF VARIOUS COMPACTED POWDERS AT NEARLY THE SAME COMPRESSIVE LOAD
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROO. WHS lAW EO 1362e. hotion3.5 z •• 1J .. t.: JUl 1 9 201!
f i
, :' ..
" ."
....... "";.~~ .... ',. . . -
, ~ .... :
... .
l. t:
, . ." ............
I I 1
-1ft
~ ...... c:a ->-l-e;; Z &&.I" Q
o.ss
0.11
0 . .,.
O.M
0.50
0.4.
0.42
o.&a
O.S4~~~~~~,i,iIo;W.~~~~~~~~~
o 2 4 e 8 ~ ~ ~ II
DISTANCE FROM PISTON (Inch •• l
Fig. 2.~ A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF HANDUNG TECHNIQUES ON THE BULK DENSITY OF UNCOMPACTED POWDERED SUGAR
Page determined to be Unclassified Re"iewed Chief. ROO, WHS lAW EO 13621. Section U Ultl: JUL 1 9 2.01
nat
I I
I. VIIW
FII.2.8
A
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROO. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3,6 Uate: JUl 1 9 101
tI ..
a. a aea1eel.down venion of our bulJt-deulty apparatul but will allo ~e \uld
to ,upp1emeftt tnform3tioft obtal~ed with the .egmentec! column bulk.telUll1e
.trenph apparatua dilell ••• d 1&ter in this report. The conltructtoft of the
apparahll 1. a"ch that the averas. bulk denllty of the I.DclivlcN&l a'lmentl
cO,rrelponcla prec:isely with the fracture plan.. in the Ulmeated column bulk
clenaity "ppaum"
2.1. 1.3 Compaction Mech&llilm o! Bulk Powdeu
The lar" (5-3/3Z -inch ID) bulk-denlity apparatul bal be.n uled in aD
interurin. WA'! to ,ab. fUrther inlight into the mechanilm by which a loo.e
bulk powder 'RU1 compact. In thia experiment ~ portion ot a tale lample wa.
'::0101'.4 a medL"m bl". by mixin, it with a methylene blue elye solution. The
blue talc wa. th'n dried an.4 run through a fluid.enarlY mill to break up any
alslomen.tel formeci in the colol'inl proc.... The fir.t I ·inch rinl of the
apparatul wa. filled with the blue talc. and it. weililht wa. r.corded. Th.
15 .. Lru:h column of rin" w.a l"b •• quantIy ftU .. d with alt.rD&t. layen of blue
anel whit. talc:. To inlure unilormtty 01 packing, the lame wei,ht of powder
wal uled {or each layer. Slnc. the lMeilht of the powder cau •• d lame com
pactioD, it w •• nec .... ry to &dd 19 .uch iayeu to till the 15-ineh column.
Th. powdu wa. then compacted iato a firm pl\la with a 2.70.pound compr •• •
.ive lo.d. Following compaction the entiro pluS ot powder wU removed in·
tact f:rom tho ~ppa:ratul and cut vertically in half. lIIIv.alina the Dew l.y.r
.~ructu.r. ,hown in Fi@l'lI'e 1.7. The "dry river bed" .pp"'8rant;~ "f the lur
face waa caul.d by the rapid drytnl of aceotone .pra.yed on the powder'. IUr.
face to increa. •• the colo.\' contr •• t for photcsrapblc purpoeee.
ReceDt pro,r ••• in the develorment of th.oreUcal concept. 01 the com
paction proc ... has c.uled UI to adopt & new po;r.t of view ill lnt.rpretlns
Ihl&r.I&1'.1111h cha:r.cteriltlc. of powde!'l. It i. noW pO.llbl. for U8 to
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. SeGtion3.5
LJate: JUl 1 9 201S
I FIQ. 2.7 Compaction M.chanllm of Bulk Pow d ,,..
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROO, WHS lAW EO 13~6, Iialion 3,5 uat.: JUl 1 9 201
di.tinaul.h betw.on the Ihur .trell,th of a powder al it undergo .. compac
tion and that o,t the compacted powder. Mo.t of the .heal' teet da.ta reported
•• rlier, •• well 101 the new teat data ".ported here. can be con,idered to
define the "compaction ehear .t~enlthll of a powdttr. The .hear Itren,th of
compacted powders can belt b~-expre lied ,in terml Of the "Ih,ar 10cu,II COQ-. ,-..- ... cept, whLch le eon. ide red .in Section 2. Z of ihil report. The clo •• relation-
.hip "xlllting between compacti,on .hear Itrenlth and .bear 10cu. i. die-
cu ... d in Section 2. 1. z.
In a leri •• of experimentl inUiatod near the end af the pl'ovlou. qllarter.
the compaction Ihear Itru,th. of talc, corlutal'ch, and two particle ei ••• of
.acchal'in were determined ae a function of compreeaiv, atre .. under V&l'iOUI
condition. of relative humic1i~.
The technique. or mea..urem.l1t uled were identical to thOI' de,cl'lb.d
ln a. pr.viau. report3 in which the powder, &fter exposure for at leaat 43
hours to a controlled-humidity environment. i. caueed to .bear while under
the influence of a compr ... lve .tr •••• · 'nle uD.roulld laccha.rin i. compolHld
of ... enUally lO-micron particle., while the other three powders Itudled
are m the < 5-mic:ron ran, ••
The re.ults oS the •• mea.aurementa are pre.ented graphically in Fl,ul'el
Z-S thrau,b a-lao It. i. obviou. bom the clI.ta that .. Unear deperulonce of
.h.ar .trenath on compru.ive .trall axilU throupout thie ran,e of com·
preulve load.. An incre .... ill the relative humtdity of the expoaure envll'ol1-
ment ree\lltl! in " am&ll ;nel'eaJIe In IIhear etTenlth. The mOlt lignificaa.t
inc'I'I!!ale occurs durins expolurea to relative humidities between 2. and IS
percent. It will be tnterut1nl to ne how particle rURo.ity. di.eeu •• ecllater
in thil report. correlatea with the relative .be ... tnneth. of the •• poriere.
An apparaw.. baa b.en de.llned and will loon be labric:ated whic:h will
bt'tb permit mar. prec:h. m .. IUl'ement of compaction Ihaar Itrenlltb and
improvi the data obtalnabk by mel.8Urament of .hea.r Itrenath under reduced
load.. Future wo:rk will include lnv •• tigation 01 the alleet of chaDlinl the
Z-13 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 1352&\ SeotiQl\ 3.5 Uate: JUl 1 9 Z01S
---------------------- -
r
I I til
! • • c: "-"II
.., '2 )(
(I)
; t;
" z -a: 4 liJ :c (I)
90
80
70
10
50
40
50
20
20
COMPRESSIVE
eo 70 .,
X 10.3 dyn •• /cm 2
FlO. 2.8 VARIATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH WITH COMPRESSIVE STRESS AT 2 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 LJate: JUL 1 9 201
I
I,
H
~ .....
I >. "0
If)
2 )(
(I) en &U a: I-(I)
" Z -~ \IJ % en
10
70
10
eo
40
30
" ... i " "
20 im:;,~~.:;;·",: ':::; 'i'.'. ': "!:,: '::
r,:;~!:::I!mi!::r!: " ::r I ,; 1:" i '::' , 10 :\;:,i:~: : ",:,; -::,'
, ,'I ..
'>,.':J,:::, J ':
20 30 40 50 60 COMPRE88IVE STRESS x 10.
' dyne,/em!
FiCIJ. 2.9 VARIATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH WITH COMPRESSIVE STRESS AT 15 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY
2-15
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
t Uate: JUL 1 9 •
.... 1
1
I I
DO 60
COMPRESSIVE STRESS l 10-1 dyne./em·
FIG. 2.10 VARIATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH WITH COMPRESSIVE STRESS AT 30 % RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, RD~, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
Date: JUL 1 9 101S
1828
I I . -
Ne U
" til • c: ~
" rn f3 a: t-en ~ Z -a: c( w :I: en
eo COMPRESSIVE STRESS • 10-5 dynes/em!
FIG. 2.11 VARIATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH WITH COMPRESSIVE STRESS AT 45% RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 1352i, Seotlen 3.5 Uate: JUL 1 9 •
IIJI . I
j
I
COMPRESSIVE STRESS X 10-1
DYNES lema
FIg_ 2.12 VARIATION OF SHEAR STRENGTH WlTH COMPRESSIVE STRESS AT 80,.. RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Page determined to be Unclassified III' Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
lJate: JUl 1 9 2013
L f
j.
I.
I.
~
1 j.
I I
seometry of the eli~inl diak .... mbly. We will alia ltu4y the d • .,.nclellce of
Ihear atl'8ftgth on time by malntalQiftl the Ihe.riftl foree .1llAtly below the
yield point *0 determine the extent of lIre .. decay that take. place. The
enect of inc rea •• 1n compl'e .. inn time upon .hear ICrelllth wW allO be ill
ve Itilated.
~. 1. ~ Theoretical COMlclenUon. 11\ the Compac:tioD. of Powderl
Durin, thl cunent rlport pl1'lod. several new concepte bave been intro
duced Into the theory of powder compaction which al'l at practical al "".11 a.
theoretical li8n1£l<:ance. A brief account of the •• development. i. ,iven in
thi •• action of the report. althoulb the lmplicationl of th ... conclpt. ar. of
equal importance Co th. compacted .tate c:onaldered in S.ction Z. Z.
2.1. Z. 1 The DependencI of Shlarl.ng Strenath on Compaction 8tr ...
11'01' a powder undersoin. compaction, it i. rea.onAbl. to Ixpect throt thl
overall .heal' r •• iltanc. of thl powder i, dependent upon two m.chani.m.~
1) 'hear rul'tlnce due to Intlrnal friction. and Z) .hear re.lItancI c&u,.cl
by coh.,ioft batween particle, and &I.lamerate. tn the powder •. Since the
frictional rell.tance ia proporttonal to the normaletre .. Gn on the 'he&!'
plane. the total .bear rellatance can ba repl' .. ented by an equation of the
torm
(Z.2)
whe1'e Kl ia a conlta.nt and ~(p) iB an expliclt function of tha denaity.
Tbe 51,nlltc:ance of thl. rel.tlonlhlp can be 18en by 1'.'e1'1'1nl to TtlU"ea
a.8 chl'ough a. l~. which pre •• n, experimen,al valueB of aheal' luet1tth 'c ...
a function of applied normal .tr ... ·cr • The •• data. obtaine4 by the clirect n
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Uate: JUl 1 9 2013
I
.bear 'ec;hniqlle 4
, an in .,reement with P1'evtOUI te.t dat.S In .howin. that
withic. experimental accuracy the .hear .tr.I1,th of a dry powder ia proportiond to the normal .tre.. _ tha'&: i.,
(2.3)
when" it the thear an,le. AI dheu •• ed in Section 2. 1. 1.4, Equation (Z. 3) 1s c:oft.1de1'ed to repret.nt the ,heal' Itrenath of a powder at it underKolII comp&cuon.
From Eo.uationl (Z. Z) and (2. 3) it 11 clear that the function l (~) 18 pro
portional to the applied normal ttre .. on' But it hal beeD shown 1n tbe preceding lection that in ,el1eral
It followa that the ahear .trenath at a powder which behavea in accordance
with Ectuatione (Z. J) and I Z. 3) can be expre.,ed in the f'o'rm
whel'e Kl and Xl au conatenU. Th ••• relationshLp' au iUuttrated to Fi.ure a. 1 }(a).
(2.4)
The real li.nlfieance of Equation (2.4) becomet appennt when <71'1 ie
amaller than the .tre .. refj.uired to compact the powder to the deD.ily p.
Thi. condition detine. the "thear loeu,II6 of the compacted. powder. 11' Equa
tion (2. 4) correctly deftn .. the Ihear locu., we ahould obtain a famUy of
parallel .hear loci, with t!I&.cn curve corr .. pollc:UIlS to & ,iven den.ity .e
,howa in FiIUI'. 2. 13(b). Thul. th$ .hear .tl'enlth propertle. 01 compacted
powd.r. which .are impli.d by Equation (a.4) can b. verUi.cl bY lhear te.ts
2·Z0 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
lIate: JUl 1 9 2DI
,
I f ' I I
I-
1
RESISTANCE DUE TO COHESION
RESISTANCE DUE TO FRICTION
NORMAL STRESS, O'"n
FIG.2.130 THEORETICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE COMPACTION SHEAR STRENGTH OF A POWDER
/ .,~/ /~&COMPACTION SHEAR
...... -::t2'~STRENGTH CURVE "./ , STRESS CIRCLE (0)
STRESS CIRCLE CORRESPONDING TO ZERO RADIAL STRESS (TRIAXIAL TEST)
00 NORMAL STRESS, O"n
FIG.2.13b THEORETICAL SHEAR LOCI FOR A COMPACTED POWDER
Page determined to be Unclassified "" Reviewed ChIef. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 lJale: JUl 1 9 3)1
t -i f
I .. l
of compactacl powder .ampl... Te.t. for thil purpo.e are de8cribed ill
Seetie" 2. I. AltbCNp flirther telt. will be required to I18tablfala fully the
rilation.hipi expre .. ed by EllUatlol\ (2.4,. experimental evidence p" •• ently
avallablll l\apporta the above analylia (aee Section ~. Z. 1. 1,.
The iftt.rpretation 01 .be.r .treD.tlI pl'opel'tie' ot I!ornpacted powder
pre •• nted here 1a baaed on .mplric:&11aw. - that ie. on Equation. (Z.1) and
(1..3). An entirely different and purely theorettcal analyli. of the .,b •• r
locll. fol' a compacted powder ( •• e SectiOIl Z. Z. zt leach to r •• ult. which &re
compatible with the conclu.iona reached here .1 lalla .1 tin i. pOliUv. (tha.t
11. for compr ... ive Itr ..... ). It can b •• hown that if (In i. nesative,
Equation (2. 4) breaks doW'D .xcept in very .pecial cale.. However. the
theory of Sectlcm Z. 2. Z afforu a baail for extending the .h.&r 10cI1a to COIl
dittonl 01 tenlUe 10adilll Ln the manl18l' lndJ.cated by the daBhed curve in J'lp!'. 2. 13(b).
2. 1. Z. Z Anbotroey of Compacted Powders
It baa become apparent ciuril1l our etuely of powder mechantc. tut com
paction mu.t take place under conditiona of ahear equUibrium. Thll tl Ulultrated by Flpre l. 14. whicb ahowl IItrul condition. that tb powder
can .ultalll withcut ,hearifli (circlel a, b and c). Each of. the etr ... circl ••
in the Ilpr. 18 cleftne!! by the major and millor p'riftclpal .truau. crl anci
crZ' The Mohr atrell clrcle concept hal been fully dcacri.b,dill all I!&l'liel'
report. 4 Clrde d in Fillurl Z •• 4. beln, ta.naent to the Ihea&' 10cuI, rapre
.ent. a condition of ehearina equilibrium. The rat.il~ ~f principal .tre ....
for thie condition depelJd. on. the ehear anill. 1':
Cl l 1 + 1111 II
iii = i-8ill"i' (Z.5)
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11
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81
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C\ NORMAL STRESS, er. fl.
FIG.2.14 STRESS RELATIONSHIPS DURING COMPACTION OF A POWDER WHICH RESULT IN ANISOTROPIC BEHAVIOR OF THE COMPACTED POWDER
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Now. tl (11 t. iul'tUl' /,1lC........ the powcJeJ' will .bear irs I\lell • way .at .atioa (2.5) coiUblue. to b •• atllli.d, aBel til •• tre .. cbc1. win ,row with
tacl'la .... ' 01 " Ihowa ill the ftpl'"
U a pori.r .ampl. il compacted in. a pilton-cylind.r devic.. tb. major
princlpalltr ... 01 will b. cUr.cted 1.1onl the cylinder'. axia. aad Oz win lie
ill the tran.n .... plaM. (Th. principal .t ..... triad may b. repn •• nt.d lIy
VIctor. 0'1' 0Z' "3 which are mutually ortholoaal. Howev.r. £01' a powd.r
wuler,olna compaction, it may be a •• um.d. that O'z .. <13 becau •• th. pow.1'
partid •• ar. randomly dl.triblated., Under th .. e condition. w. would expect
the powder to compact non-taotropically alld to exhibit IlUloh'oplc lI.bavlor
I.n th. compact.d .tat ••
Several types of experiment. bav. confirmed the anl.otropy of com
pacted powder.. 1'01' laltana. sampl •• compact.d In • pi.ton-cylinder .. -
vic. hav. b"11 !ouncl .a.i.r to cut In the tran.v.r •• dir.ctlO1l thaa. tn the
axl.al clincttoD. and the d.compr ... lon t,Il.lle te.t. delcrib.d ill SectiOn.
Z.2. 1. Z. hal d.monetrated thac t.ft.lle faUur. invariable OCCUI'I lint Oft
tra.n.v.rl. plane.. Thl eff,cta Of allilotropy will be inv .. cllatecl mo •• ""ly tn futu., expe rim,nt.,
2. 1,2.3 The Rol, of E1&.Uclty tn Powdar Compaction.
AU powdeu illv.,tllat •• 1n WI IC\lCly ha". eviclent.:lcl elude Pl'ope7tt ..
to .ome eMSI'''. Experimental "'ta on the .laatlcity o{ lever&! powdera i.
pl'I"lltecl 1ft 8.ctioa ~. Z. 1.3. for example. .P.rhapi the cleare.t e.icklici
of the ela'tic behavior of compact.d powdere wa. found in ta. ptaton-cyllnder
tnt. reported IO~ time .10.5 The.e te.t, Ihowell tha, a powder com
pacted in a. c:yliILder offered appreciable reeiatatl.c:e to .ltdtn.. .vea whirs the
reltr.la.b,. force Fit wa. Aro. Thl, re lult. .. w.ll at other uperim.at&!
evidence, 7 conelu.tv,ly demoDetrat .. that the t'ompactlon. ot powder. t. accompanied by the It02'&le 01. ,la,de enersy. It appeau vet'y 1Ik .. l, that th.
Itor,de1a,tic: •• er,y &l;C, .1 .. pcn.bCial eael'" 'uurce lor the compac:tiob
proc.... From thil petal of view. powder compaction call be cora.ide .. ed to
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tIlte plac. in !:be loUowlna ways hppo •• tU.t. W'ld.r initially .ppli ••
.tr...... a. numb.r of lit .. widllft the powder u. at the poiet 01 .he&rilli'
whn.a. othen an capabl. of .tort ... ner." .la.ticaUy. With aft tun ....
in appli.d .tu... neari.%lI wl11 tak. plac. at the weak .tt .. wh.re .tor.eS ela.iic 1I1erl1 wlU b. o.l .. ipat.cI thl'OUp irrev.nibl. proe...... The re-
I tnainder of the powder will .tor. additional eDuiY ela.tic&11y. which will be , .
I: r l.
1
I I
dh.ipated a. the proc ... continue.. The •• mechani.ma may be re •• rcl.ed aa
fl,lIu:tiontn, .imultan.oul!y du?in. compaction to matncaln a certain balanc.
b.' .... n the .tore4 elLltic el18rsr &a.4 the rate 01 en'1'8Y dl .. tpaUon. Tht.
cone'pt i. bein, inv.'ttlateel .. a po .. lble bali, for .. ,eneral analytical theory of tb. compaction proceal.
Z.2. Thl a.havior of Powder. in the Compacted St&t.
Many powder.d ma.teri&l. &1'1 capabl. of being pouud when in th.ir
natural (uncompacted) atat.. Powd.re compo •• d of .mall p&rth:lea (wl.th
MMD&rout1d5 mtcron.) &1'e found to form rather lar.e loo.ely-bound all
,lome,.atel which behave Uke ILI'Ier particle. when the material tl poured
or leI. reel.
Alter ev.n il slight 4 •• ,.. o{ c:ompac:ttofl, however, the pawar may 10 •• Lts C&p:Lc:lty to fiow tr .. ly. Tbh can b. expWn.d by the fact that compaction
cl .. tl'oye ~. ,ranular naNl'I of che 100 •• PO"11' that ts r.epoa.alble tor ita
now.bUlly by breul.ni down the 100 •• aillom.rat .. aacl fortn1ni _nln
on... The compacted powder may thue be re,al'ded a. a p&l'tlcula1. 10110.,
with the particles hound tOI.ther by chemical or molecular (ore... Alar ••
number of theee interparticle bonde must be broken if the porier le to be
1'IItored to a granular .tate.
The .. I.btance of " compacted powder to fracture when .ubj.cted to
t.nlUe, compul.ive, and .hear .tr ..... can be expre ... d in .. very ,Ineral waY' by mea.nl 01 .. "Ihe&r locus" al ,bown in. Filure ~,13(b). Sbella._
flnill' ... ~re .. circle which !.i .. below the .hear locul can be carried by the
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compact.d powder. :aut if the .u ..... appU.d to the powclel' are lncrealed
in .uch .. way tbat die .tr ... elrcl. b.com •• tan.ent to the .bear locu., 1M
poWlier WiU fracture. The Ilu .. al b.havior of •• lven powder can b. deIcrib.d by a family of .h.ar loci, each locUI of which Cone,polld. to .. ,lYen
den,lty. al lndicateclln tbe tipre.
FtSUl'e 2. IJ(b) ha. be.n c1raWll ltl accorda~e with our pr .. ent theoreU
cal concept. of the luen.th properti •• of compactibl. powcleu, which an eli.cu .. ed ill Section. 2. 1. 2 and 2. 3. 2 of thil report. A con.tarabl. bocly of
experimental data obtained durin. our .tudy il in .lIential asreem.tnt with
the .. concept.. Recellt tbeoretical anel experimental reeult. conce2'nin. the
properti.e. ot powde,. in the compacted .tat. are ducribed herein.
Z. 2.. 1 i?'Grlmental Evaluatioll of the Bulk Strene of Compactecl PO er.
Several experimental technique. have been developed du1'lnl our .tudy
whicb an u.elul for lnve.tis.tinl the bulk .trensth characteri.tici of com
pacted powders. The triaxial .hear t •• t 7 t. particularly .uitable fDr thia
"'''po •• : in fact. our experi.ence haa Ihown that this te.t t. practicable 0011
for c:ompl.cucl powder.. The ella-let Or IUcli.nl dilk ahear te.t caft al80 b.
uled £01' the sCUdLes oC die .trenidl of powders in the compacted Itat.. COil
.idenole pa.t work hat been clone in ane ... u·tn, tbe teDalll atun,th of com
paeted powder.. This Ift.a.uremeat .a.ume. added importance bee.u •• of
difficulti .. in experimentally defining the sheaf lOCUli for .mAll vatu .. s of tJJ.
normal acrl.I, .a dieen.eel b.low. Far thia realon, leveral te.ta have
been uncleI' illve.tiaatioa for m .... uring thl!' bulk tenatie atren.ath.
2. 2. 1. 1 Shear 8trlo,tb
Th. Ihear locul lor • compacted powder ot deneity p can 'be c!ete .. miMcl experimentally by either the direct sb •• r technique or the trlaxla1 technique.
Durin. the preeent quarter, both teah have been employed in 'ntina the
validity of tbeoretical concept. outlined in Section Z. 1. Z. The t.st data awo
euble • compari.oD of the two methoda of rne.aurin, al ••• r It"anath.
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2.2.1.1.1 J)l~.ct .. eu T .... - The 41rlct lheal' tilt haa been primarily
ulld to me .. lUre the eompactiora ,bear "raqth 01 powder. &a de.cribed ia
hctloll 2.1.1.4. The Ih ... r loc:uI may b. determiMd bV mean. of the llidia,
diak t.cbftiqui in the foUowinl waVI The il1hla.l Itepa ill tha teat ue carried out tft exactl,. the .am. manner al for tha compaction Ih.al' tel' (.ee Sec
tion 2. I. 1.4); howeve" after initially ahearin, the pow!! .. lample with the
precompactioa 110J'm&1load Pc applied to the dl'k, the normalloa4 iI re
duced to a .rnaUer Y&1L1. P n' The .ample i. then 'heared by ,rac1ually apply!nl a lalllsnUal load r to the dilk. By repeatill, tbit p:roc:ewn for ..
eeriu of normalloadl P 11' uIlq the lame precompac:tton load Pc: in each
ca .. , it i, po .. Lbla to cOIl.truct .. Iha .. r locul by plouin, the Ih ...... tr •• I at
failure 'T c • i'max' A veuuI the nos-mal ICra .. IJn • P a/ A. whera A f.I the aua of the dllt.
The ruulu of t.ate of thi, type for lacc:harin &re plotted in Fi'lU'e 1. 15.
For .. PrlQot.1paction .trel. 0c of 11.690 dyne. per cmz', the ebear loc", ie
very neuly a .tJOaipt line a. p1'ldtcted by theory. The .h.ar lad fol' pre
compaction Itr ..... of 53.360 alid 42. !UO dyne. per cm2 &l'e not quite
11no&r. but 1.1" lleverthe1ee. r.a.ollably tn accord witA tb. theory .1 lon, a.
IJI1
i, not too .mall.
For Imall val" •• of Gil aU the experimental point. £all appreciably below
the .apeeted linear curv... While it cannot be entirely rulad out at this tim.
that tha., point. may lie on the tne .h.ar loct. a careful &nalylh of f:be telt
proceclure ,uII.ate that the .. cl&t& point. may be invalid becau .. of d.f~t. ill the teat cachnique. For one thinl. if the she.r l'uUtaACe of the powder iI
appreciably ,reater than the applied normal .tr, .. , it 11 poI.ib18 that the
lila. may be forced up by the .. e.ctioD of the powQel' &,&inlt the Inclined eul'{ .. ell of the rou,Mned di.a. thu, permittl.nl failure without comple", .he.r
In,. A clo,.ly related and puhape more .. rioua defect of the , •• t i. th.
po .. ibUlty &hat the Ihear load may not ba applied in the plane of the dilk.
thul tencltn, to tip the dilk and either break Dr weaken the cOlltac:t betweell
eli,1e anel powder.
2-27
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(J"'O 113 NAG ) 1_011 J. Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS
I-al lAW EO 1352&, $,(I\19n 3.6 Uate: JUl 1 9 101
fa z ~ -'g " b
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N. lItan .. ion illdle&t.. tile Il.ed for a number of refilLlmentl m the
cUnei .hear teat techaiqu al applled to pre compacted powdeu. J'lil'ther
t •• tl ot Chi. type will b. ca2'rJ.d out aftu' •• veral nee .... ry ch&q •• have
be.n incorporated in. the t •• t appar.tut.
It lbould'be m.lltioned tMe the clen.lty 01 the pracompaet.d nmpl. C&1l
be clebS'mlned from the compactioll c:har&Ct.r~.t1ea of Section Z. 1. 1. 1.
HoweyI*'. It il .... 1lUal to take iDto aceoue the ad41tional compar.\101l which
tU .. pl.ce when thl I&mple 1. prllbe&red. The .tr.ctive compaction Itl'e ••
11
The une1ty ma, thlll b. found a. a function of If eff from the appropdate
compacttoa curve.
(2.6,
2. Z. 1. 1. Z Triaxlal SheU' Telt. - AI mentlOll.ed puvlO11l1y. the crt_lal te.t naturally lead. u .. U to an expertm.ntal determination of .he.r loci •.
Thi. teohnique baa already b.e" lA.eeS .lIcC: •• lfIlU, foZ' m.a"u·emeDt of the Z
abear .tl'ln .. b of compaate. talc powder. Thea. te.t. wer. condlacted prim.rlly for th. purpo •• oi .valuaUn, the pracUc:&biUty of the triaxial te .. for compactib14l powliel'l. n _. touIld that. the triaxial te.t wa. feaeibl.,
but that til_ pupa ration 01 ntidactory t.lt .ample. wal difficult and tbDe
con.uml",. even wh.t1 lamplel we1'6 prepared out.id. a .1OY. box. It .hCNlc1
be not.d. how ..... r, that the re.u1t. obtained ll\ thu. preUmlury telt. IUP
port the propo •• 4 th.OlrY'1 that iI. the .h.ar locu. wa. touue! to 'be liDeal'.
(See rtpl" a. 13 of tU El&hth QIlal'tfirly Prolzoe .. aeport. Z r DI&I'\ft' the p" ... nt repol't p..-loel. '«Ol't. were ma. to limplUy the
•• mple-preparaUOZI tl.:bnl.que. with the ultimate objecti"e of cIIVe10piDI &
tec:hD1IlU& which can b, u •• d in a ,love box. It _. conl14.nd •••• ."tl&l to
eliminate the ne.d for u.inl • rubber .le.". til prepartq tIut t.at aample.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. SectIon 3.5 LJate: JUt 1 9 2013
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The lample pl'epantloft teohnique .eedbed tn the la.t qu.arterly ,epol't ft.
fcund to meet thl' requbemeot IUCc .. lfully. 1 HoweveI', eOIlI''',&'b1,
l"DanlpulaUDft La lUll uqu.ired with thia tachnlque. A further .!mplllicaUoft
hal been introctv.c:ea recently 11'1 which tha powder LI compacted from ol'1e ewl rathtr than from both en41. In thi. modtCi,d tec:hltique, the powcHr .ample
la cDmpl.eteli into the bottom •• edoc of the cylinder. whi.eh I.. ap1l.t into thre •
• esmentl that Un a .. Uy be l'emO"l'e4 &It II' compaction of the lample. All.
&1uminum dllk il placed at •• ch enel of the .ample prior to compacUoll.
The.e c1Iek. remain in COIl_ct with the lample thl'ouJhout the compaction
procell anel Qul'!ns the lub.eq.aent triaxial te.t.
The triaxial t .. t fixture baa been modified to permit a thin (lIZ-mil
polyethyleu' plaetic b&l to be placed over the tilt .pecimln. Tu b", ia
I,&led at thl bottom by meanl of an 0-1'inl and a vellt to the &tInalphere Ie
provide411n the ba •• plate of the t.et apparatus.
The chanle. in sample pl'epal'ad.on technique deacl'ibed a'Dove mI., make it po .. ible to prepare l.titfacto!'Y tnulal teet .padm.n. in a elry box. A
pn.llmatic IVltem for contfolliftl the application of compaction. .h· ..... 1, cUl'l'ently bein. invIIU8ate4 fol' u., within the confine. Df & dry box.
~n thoulII the triaxial .hear te It procedure wae not au.ffieteaU, developed to eEl&ble t. It. to be carried out under concl1tiol11 01 controlled
hu.midity durin& tid, nport period, a aui .. 01 very informative teatl wa. ear1'ied out to eatabUah th' elependence of .h.u Itnnlth on ,ample .Daity.
n ... tUi, weI" motivated by a cl.,ir. to ched, the validity of the theol'e1:l ..
cal conclu.lofl. of Section ~. 1. Z by u.ina the triaxial technique. Thil_'
clone in the followln.. wayt Te.te weI'e carried. uut to determine the atn .. -
denltty l'elatlotS.hip for a liven powc1er in the manner ducr1be4 in Sectton
1.1.1.1. theD .. aerl •• of ,twar tun Cor the powder wa. conducted OVes' .. ran,e of mean lample denaUtea by the tripial tec:.itn'ique at atlnolplanie
preuve. SampLee for the latter te.t. were prepared by che foUowln. the
proceclure c1elc:rtb,cI above. Both the ('ompactlon and .he .. r teata wire
CAntld out In die InstrOD machine.
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!.Jate: JUL 1 9 2013
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.. _-_._---
If the theoretical all.rtioft. of Sectton Z. 1. il are cornct. it foUowl that
th. Ihear strell,th. .. e round from the tl'laxial t .. t, muat have thl form (a .. Equ,tto"a (2.1) aDd (il.4»
(2.71
i. eo I the shear .tl'8l1lth must vary with dellitty in precisely the lame way
that the compactiOn It". • ., depend. 01'1 denaity (EquaUoa. (il. 1». ~pnimen
tal data froQJ th .. e te.'. are plott.d in Tlpr .. 2. 16 thro\l.lh Z. 19. The ceat
m&tlrialt include ... ceh&rhl, _,. albumin, Sm, ana ~I.. (Thl!!!!. ani !I .hla". telts wI".e limitea to two te.t. for deh powaer beel.ule of the ~m
porary unavailability of ho04 facUlti •• for lample p:repantton. )
Both the eampa.ctian ItUII cr aftel tbe .he .. t atrenBth tmax have been
plottld verlu. the lample lienlity. Since thUI data. are plotted lOlantbmicall" we woule! expect if the thlOI'Y 1.1 correct to find that the two eurv •• an
parallel. One can lee £rom the lipre that the curvel &1'e parallil 'IIlthin the
accuracy of the teet data. exclp~ fo1:'!!!!.. Howevll'. eince only two c..t
painll were obtained fOll ~ the diecl'Ipancy may be due to expe .. imental
error.
The te.t. ae.crtbed .. bove were not carrieel wt under concl1tione of COn
trolled sample moi.ature contentl but both the compl.ctl.On a.nd .hea.r tuU
were carried OIIt within I. ehort time in~erval .0 that humidity effect., if &ny,
would affect both telt. in the eam. delree.
Further triaxial t .. t. wUl b. conciuC'tec when the .ample compa.otioll
app&ratul baa been &dapted {or lI.a in a al0va box. The .. tett. will oC
courte be carried out ror .everal pr ... llre levels in oJ/ciel' to define air.cUy
the .)laps of the 'hear locue. It may not be pou1b1e to defble fully the .hear
locue by meane of biaxial teete. The re .. on fell' this limitation call be aeell
in Fipre 2.13(b). The portioll 01 the ehea, locue to the ript of the dashed
line may be defined by triaxial c.et. canted Ollt with a cluunber pre .. "re
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
Uate: JUl 1 9 201S
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13&26, Siction 3.5
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CompaJ'i'on between Expe rimeotal CompactlOtl Data aDd the Shear BtI'.l1ph of Compac&.4 Powder Sampl •• I).tumia.d fJ'Om Triax1a1 T .. t. - En Alb lmin (elm'" SOp)
Z-31
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
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CDmpal'boa becween ~erimental COmpacttOIl Data and the She&&' Strentth Dl Compacted Powder Sample. Oetermilled from Triaxi&lTeata - !!I.
2-34
Page determined to be Unclaasl1led Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS
lAW EO ~t6. fgtl020li , Uate:
I I , ! I
i I I )
}
I )
u p p
J
N S u
I -• • j
. x 10'
- I 1 cL
.. ---~!1_ '-.---
I 1 .-'\ L
,} J J J. l'
- - --'--_._-_ . . _- --.. -• ., .-.L 11 ..-I ..... -.. -
J: ........ ..l I - '''--L .d -.. --..- r- 0-1 1 ---_. - .. r-'" . .. , .... , .. _.-- --R L - ...
IL I .. 1-'--
. -- ... __ ._--- - -. - ~.~-
I I .. - _.--' ..
~-
..
0,3 0." D.6 O. 8 1.0 1.5 1. a Denattyp (1/4:m 3)
Ft,. Z.19 CODlpal'iaoft betw •• 11 Experimellt&1 Compaetioa Dala and tile Shear Strenach of Compacted PowuJ' Sampl •• D.tumiaed from Triaxial Te.t. - !!!!.
Z-35 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chlcf. ROD. WHS lAW EO 1~26. Sec;tio~ uate: JUL 1::1 lUl3
IJ
L
.- - .... - - - -:-------- --- .. ;-
------- --~-.. -----,-------
I!'eate!' thaa 01' ellUal to .ero. la o".er to •• cabll.h &h. Ih.al' locu. to the lea ot tIIII lin8. it b n.c •••• ry to combin. tenille and compl' ... lvI .trllie.
(lUllltrated by .tr ... circle a). Thi. procedure requir .. that axial ten.ion
be combine • ....tth pn •• uri •• Uoll of the chamal'. Th.re are •• vual 1'1'1,0\1.
dWicultl'l puventinl luch a telt. Ou .edoul problem i. that the .ampl.
MU.t be •• &l.d within a l'ubber or pla.lttc membrane. wblch wiU tenr! to
cal'ry an uDdetel'mlned fraction of &he .. pplied tenene load. It 11 alao antici
pated. tIlat the preparation of lultable tut Ipadman. for luen teat. would
pr ... nt formidable problem ••
Z. Z. 1. Z Bulk Telllile Strlncth
Tbe bulk tenlU, et:renatb ai a compacter! pOWGe1' d.efill" the lntercept 01
the .hear locu. with the .. -axi ... I .hown in !'iaure 2. 13(b). The clalhed por
tion of the .heLl' !.DCII, Ibown ill the Ulun cannot b. denn.d. by elthu the
dhect .hear te.t or the trLaalal .h.ar telt for realonl dllcu'l.d in th. pre
c.c!lna .ection of thl.l report. Accurate mealurement of bulk tenlU, IU.hlth
thUI a.lume I added importance a. a m.anl of "anchorlnl" the .hear locul.
Thre. m.thodl fol' meaaurinl the tert.lle .trenlth of compacted powdera
have been con.telend. in OU2' I ",ely. The telmlnted-column ten.Ue teat1 wa. the £tret to be developed. 1n thil pro,ram. Althou,h thl.l te.t provlde. valua
ble lnformatloa. relative to the tellei1e Itrenlth of a compacted porie" , .ome CluI.tion exieel al t/) wheth.r &h. t •• t r •• ult. repreaent pur. ten.il. faUur ••
The uncertainty arl ... for ~o 1'8&10111: 1) thl poweler il cOftltratn.c1 '0 fall
at the juncture b.tw.en two ringl, and 2} atre .. concentrationa au likely to
occur at the p.dphery of the powder lample linee the powder h Itl'.lIeel by
meanl of wall fricUOftl Ibtl may tenel to caul. premature faUure,
III an dEort to improve the techJdque for ciil'ecl mea.urement of ten.il.
Itrenlth. two new teU. 1.1" currently beinl inv •• til.ted. One of the.e te.tl.
referred to al tile tri&xl&l teneUe teet, h cieat&ned to permit uncon.trainecl
a-36
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Uat.: JlJL 1 9 201S
, ~ , t !
l · I I i 1 , · · !
I
\ 1
I J -I J
11
------------------------
tenille failuu of the te.t lample. Another te.t under deveLopmellt " ...
tran.ient pre.aure .tr ••••• to fractur. the telt .ample. The •• t •• t. are
dllcul.ed later In Ireater detatl.
Z. 2.1. 2.1 Selmtlnted Column TanaUe Teat. - Durin, tnt, quart.r we bve lnv.a'ilated variationl of bulk ten.iLe Itten.gth in a column of com-
1 2 7' pu .. ed powdered IUI&r by the method puvloully delcribed ',' in'
which the powder 1. preconditioned for at 1. ... , 48 bOUrl in a controlled
envbc:mment of 15 p.rcent relative humidity followed by compac:t1OD in the
lI,mented column apt/araNI. J'ollowlna compaction the tenlUe Itl'eDitb. of
the powder t. mea.ured at IIx pOlltlone down the column. Tenlile .'rDnatb
t •• in addition. beinl c1etermined .. I a functlon ot bulk den,lty. A dual
approach i. uled In determinin8 bulk dDnlity. For powde1'l llke ZnCclS,
where fracture of the porier column occur. quite evenly, bulk clen.ity·
varia.tioll 11 ctetermi.ned merely by wei.hina the powder in each .. ament. To
avole! the errou inherent in &h. UUIVIIl fracture typlCAl of many powdera aDd
~ obtain a me .. lureci val". of bulk den.tty at the point of fractQre. a ne. appantul de.crthed in the bWk clen.lty .ection of this report (Section a.l. 1.2)
wal cl .. laneet ancl b~ih. The interior .eometry of thll app .. ra~. I.. ldeutlcal
to that of the lelmloteet column bulk ten.n. Itret',il.h app&rasul except that the cuto£! point 01 eacb '.Iment baa been Itailiered by 1/4-1ncb 10 tha& the
avera,e value for the h\llk den.tty of the .elmlnt corresporula preci.ely wi.lh
the po.ltion of the fracture pla1le of the bulk .. ten.Ue IItrenstb apparatu. ••
Variation of b\\1k~ten.ll1 atrenlt.h with dilltll.nc:e from thl fracSUJ'l plane
o! powdered .upr ia .hewn in Fl,urel Z. ZO, Z.21. and Z. ZZ. Of the pow
derl previou.ly Itudledo t the bWk-tenlUe Ittell,th of powdered .ular II
molt ltea1'1y equal to th&t of lacch&rin. The relultt of Ol!r preliminary
Itudl .. of the vart.tioll of bulk-tea.ile Itrensth with bulle dllllity of powduod
sups' ad of ZnCdS are shown in FllUres Z.23 and Z. Z4. For etlicient baad
llna of bulk-tenaU. I,r.fllth data.. the tenaU. atnnath haa previo"a1y b •• a
reported tn ,ram' (,) ratber than beinl c011vertld lach time ~ dyUI PII'
aq'laZ'e cIlltimeter (dyne I em2). III ~iI aDd future reportl. however. data
Z-37
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13626, Section 3.5 I.Ilte:
JUL 19 •
II l.
-If) ! -
\
---
DISTANCE FROM PISTON (Inch •• )
FI G. 2.20 VARIATION OF BULK TENSIL.E STRENGTH AND BULK DENSITY WITH DISTANCE FROM PISTON FOR POWDERED SUGAR. COMPRESSIVE LOAD 12.17' 10' dyn,,/cml
1·38 Page determined to be Unclassified IIU Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 lJate: JUl 1 9 DI
..... at
>-J--U) Z &&J 0
~ ::l CD
I
l
1 1 ~
••
DISTANCE FROM P'STON (Inch •• )
FIG. 2.2' VARIATION OF SULK TENSILE STRENGTH AND BULK DENSITY WITH DlSTANCE FROM PISTON FOR POWDERED SUGAR. COMPRESSIVE LOAD 10.59 l 10' clynt./em-
Page determined 10 be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS
~a~~O Jdf26f§cti~5
Ilf'
'[ . ./
; I l '-n ~ n i L I!
(/)
I LI.I .J -en z 1&1 l-ll!: .J :l aa
.. :; __ ._--.- ____ ~_~ __ -. __ •• __ ._ .... ___ .~_ .... r_ - •• -~-l
--------_ ... -•. _---
DISTANCE FROM PISTON (lnoh •• ).
FIG. 2.22 VARIATION OF BULK TENSILE STRENGTH AND BULK DENSITY WITH DISTANCE FROM PISTON FOR POWDERED SUGAR. COMPRESSIVE LOAD 5.5)( 101 dyne.' em l
2 ... 0 Page determined to be U. .. •• Reviewed Chief ROO w~~iaSSlfied iAW EO 13fl~6, 's.ctJ~n 3 5 ~~~: JUl 1 9 ani
.... 1 ___ .• zJ£JC-- ..
l.! I:
I:
:;.... . ........ ..-- - --.--- ......... ~ ---.-~ .------.----~~-~. ----~ ..... ~M~' - -. - ........... - _ ... .
1ft • 2 )C -N
5 " I ~ -X to-e" Z l&J ct: .... tI)
'" ..I -tI) Z 1.1.1 t-
~ ..J
i
4
3
2 . ,
·f· .. _r'" ......
, . , "
I 0.50
! . \ i-.r. ,.I
" I
I • . -.,.. .......... ,- .. . \ ' . l :. i
-- .:.:.: .. t .-- .. .t, o •• 0 • . , . ,
'1; ': . i ~.. !
, _:.:. ,,'. . i • I I' ,! . i
: !: .. ', I o:eo 0.70
i I·
o.ao
.. 1 , .... r ,.-.
i .. :. :: . r'--; ... -1-:-._ .... i' , i I •
... I :'\ i '.; . ,
BULK DENSITY (Qrams/eel
FiO·2.23 VARIATION OF BULK TENSILE STRENGTH WITH DENSITY FOR POWDERED SUGAR.
Z",l
\ I I ' [ i
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS
.,n , , lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
uate: L'Ul 1 9 201
[I
Jl L ., ; 0 -\.
~ E u ...... .. • c: >.
"c:r -X t; Z I&J cr: .... en LIJ ...I -en z LIJ t-¥ ... ::» ell ,
" ,
1.11
A = 6MB POWDER PER SEGMENT B • BULK DENSITY OF POWDER
FIG.2.24
1.14
VARIATION OF BULK TENSILE STRENGTH WITH BULK DENSITY FOR ZINC CADMIUM SULFIDE.
Page determined to be Unclassified .S4 '7 Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 lIale:
1
U II I: 1·
------- ..
lnvolvt". bulk-teaalle .ir .... will be r.poJ'tecllll dynalcm2. (cro •••• ction ~t powder column fractured in tell.lie failure). Data obWMd by !hI. method
call more 1'IaclUy be coznpa:recl with thai born new mlthod. \\Oder dIve lop
meat.
The Ilsm_t.d column tut lor m .... urina ten.ile Itrl~,th hal c'l'tain
limitation', 1'01" mo.t po.erl, the t.nlUe .trellath at low compl' ... ivl
loaeli. dUlh:u1t to mealW'l, and at hllh compreutve lo~cI. fairly mIa-keel
chan, •• ~Il tenllil. Itr.nlth occur with oDly minor chaRlet 1ft bulk cilnllty,
thu. nqulrin, a veJ'~ prlch. meaW2l'ement of bulk dlnsity.
The r .. "lt. of • pnlimllaary check on the effect. of time of compre .. ion
on ten.tie luenlth al'l Ihown ift 1'1,l&re Z. ZS. A 16-hour compr ... lon timl
reenlted in a deflnite increa'l in tlntill •• trensth with 110 appar.n, lncl'.a,. in bulk den.tty. Admittldly the tut '11&1 conducted at a hiah ccmp ..... lv.
10a4 to IUI'lrate the eU.ct, but chi, phenomlnon warrant, further inyelti
aaCion. One pOllibl. explanation tor itl Ixietlnc:1 i. aD increall ill .urfac.
bgndtnl bltween particle. with time .. nder comprellion. Thil .. peet: of
particle teohnololY will be di,cu .. ec:l later in thie report.
In adcJition to thl effect that lenath of comp7ellive time hAl on bulk ien
aU. Itl'.qth. fll.tue work will include ltudtll at low « 2 percent lUI)
humidiUe •• I'llatlOQ 01 bulk UD.tty to bulk-ten.ile ItrenSCh, and the etflct of
particle .pape and .udace chal'actuiatic:. "pon the bulk 'e"IUe 'tren.sth.
Z. Z. 1.2. Z Triaxial Tenlile Te.t. - Thi. i ... direct meehanical te.t that
can be cal'l'ied. out tn the In.tron teat machine, in which a .peClt&lly-prepareel
t .. t lpecimen I. cau .. d to faU In a 1'e,ion frel of external con.tralnt. A
t .. t .ampl, procluced for initl.a1 tnt. t. ahown after falluJ'I in J'ipre 1.26. The clntel' .. etlan of the .ample 11 necked clown to achieve .evlral de.lred
Iffectl: l} ... duce&! ar •• make. the averas, .treu a maximum in the clnter
lection, 3) thil conftP1'&tiOD caul •• the powder 'I denllty to be hilMr at the
end rutin •• than In. the center. thu. 'endins to increa.e the ten.U_ .trenltll
at the endl of ~ •• peclma.n., an&! 3) the lanlth of the ,pectmen (~O tuh .. ,
Z-43 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Clllef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13626, Siction 3,5 U.te:
JUl193)13
-_ ..
0 u -r j • -i r ct: t; I.aJ ~ -U) z aa.a .... ~ ;:)
I~ -l , CIt -~ -0 Z ..... Q
~ ..J ::) rD
\-
OlSTANCE FROM PISTON (Inch •• )
FIG. 2.25 EFFECT OF LENGTH or: COMPRESSION UPON THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF Zn Cd S. COMPRESSION LOAD 12.17 I 10' dyn •• /ema
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526, S.ctlon 3.6
lJate: JUL 1 9 D
, -I
. '-
. -:it !, . .{~ ,.~.
t'~\ } ,. "~' ~1' .... , .. ................. ,.-~
.',
c • a .c en .. c • e CJ at a.
UJ • .. ~ • :::s • --f- : a ~
M • 0 .. ..-- c( a-...... CD N
•
'" • at .-IL
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13S2G, Section 3.6 !Jate:
JUL 19 20D
I; I t:
L
anabl .. an .quilintion of .eu.Ue It"e •• In the c.ntU' lectton clu. to th •• ta.· ticity of the pawel.r ( .... a.cttOD. 1. Z. 1.3), tt!.UI avolcl1D., ItU" conc.n.tration.1
prior to (aUun of the .ampl ••
Sample p".paraUon. 10" the t ..... U. t .. t follow. vuy do •• ly the p,"ac.
duu for the triaxia.l .hear te.t cle.c"ib.d ill the la.t Qual't.rly :aeport. 1 n. otlily •••• ntial difference tn the apparatu. 1. that the .plit ceural •• ction of
the compa.ction appar&tul ha. been replac.4 by a flared .ecUoll to reelucI the
dlam.te:r trom 1. Z inch at the .nd cylinder. to 0.8 inch in the center 'ectioD.
Some cazoe i. requbed to produce .ample. which hav. a .ymmetrlcal den.tty
dhtrtbution with r •• pect to the c .... ter of the .ampl.. It wal fCNnci that
.aUdactory lampl •• call be obtailUld by char.llll .ach end ol the appal'atu.
with all equal ma .. of powcle)' aNi then forcin. the powder into the center •• e
tlon by mealll of pilton. to which equal load. are applied.
Th. denlity dl.tribuUo ... in. the cente r .ection _I determinecl by meal'll
of a duplicate flared •• ction with the central .Iction divided Into flv •• qual
le,ment. of O. Z inch lonl. In initial teete with .a.ceh.&rln powder, lampl ••
were prepared with a mean c.nter-aection denaity of O. 38 g per em3
, The
maximum den,ity variation wal abOllt 5 percent. wlth the lowe., ~nllty
occur:r1n, in the center.
Several tenaile tlltl were conducted in the InlCron machine \llinl
lacch&rln .ampl .. of m .. n clen.ity p • 0.381 per em3• F&iluzo. wal founcl
to occur in the center a.ction al delir.d (I •• J"llure 2. Z6).
Attemptl to carry 011& a Ini .. of tenlile t •• ,. by the triax1&1 'ecbDlqua
were £or18ta.l1.4 by dUfieultl .. in .ample preparadon. Vn'f hilh 10aell wen
requlred to inere •• e the lample d.neity Ii,Rifieantly beyond 0.". per em3
•
Under th ••• conditiona, it wa. lmpolIl.bl. to remove the center-.acdon
mould a.gmente without fracturillJ the _ample. It appaara likely that the ••
problem. can De eliminated by modi1yin. the flared .ection of the .ample
preparation apparatul _0 a. to in.:Utale the diamater of the "necked-clown"
•• etion to about 1.0 loch.
2-46 ~ag~ determined to be UnclaSSified ~evrewed Chref, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13li26, Section 3.6 Uare: JUL 1 9 20JS I
2. Z. 1.2.3 Oecompreulon Tellelle Telt. a The decompre .. ion ten.Ue
tilt 1. & unique method for de'ermininl the tenlUe at1'enath of compacted
powder lpeclmenl. Th. te.t eonllig of lubjecUna a Ipeeimen to a .udden
reduction of .ur"oumllll8 ,.1 pre'.ln'.. Thle caul" the Ilpec!.Z'lMn to crack
or fracture 1.1 II.I trapped in it. Interior ••• k. to .. cape foUowin, d1com
preuion. The prellur. elrop Ju.t nece •• ary to fracture the .peeimen l. a
mealun of the tensUe .trensth of the compacted powder.
2. Z. 1. ~, 3. 1 Compaction Apparatue. - Specimena are prepared in the
compa.cUon .ppara"'l .hown tn FllJUu Z, 17. The compaction apparatu. 1.
compoud of L .plit compactiol1 chLmber A, !oad.ina tube B, and pl.toll C.
The compaction chamber A COlliiatl 01 two aluminum block. fitted with
alinement piu, In the clnt.r of each block it .. 90-dearee V Iroove 1-1/4-
inch all each I ide. On top of .acl1 block 11 laltened a l/4-inch flat aluminum
plate with a 90-dearee V aroove in itl center, 1-1/2.-inch on each ald ••
Thle p1&t. {orml .. Iharp-corll.red, rec .... d Iroove at the top of the block.
When the two .Id .. of the chamber are faltened to.ether with pin. and thumb
IcreWI they form a Iquare tube with a rece.1 at the top, The loadinl tube B
1 ... len"Ut of .quare extruded aluminum tubillll.l/4-fnch by 1-114-inch
(in.ide dimensions) by 18 inch .. Ion.. The loadlna tube ia .upported by
m.an. of a rinl Bland the clamp. The pilton ... ombly C con.lata of a
beveled .quare aluminum plat., l-7/lZ-incb on a 'ida by 1/4-1ncb thick,
attached to all. alumiftUm rod a •• hown in the !ilure. Two Teflon rin •• are
!ittecl to thi. roc! to maintain proper alinement af the pilton aaa.mbly.
Specimens an preparecl in the fo11owing wa.v: The dividld cb&mbu A I..
dOI.d and wtenad tal.ther with thumb.crewl. The lo.dina tube A is th.n
lowered into pOlitiOD directly over the compaction chamber where it fit.
Inu,ly in the reeell at the top of the chamber. A quantity of powder i. then
poured. into the 10aclinl tube thr()ulh a funnel. P\lton C i. inserted into the
Ioadinl t1:lb.,and weipu are placed on the pilton to compre .. the powder
alowly into the compaction chamber. Various weilhtl 1.1" uI.d to produce
epechnen. of different den.iti... When the Clompaction proce.s i. campleted,
~-47 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. a.otlon 3.5
U.tt: JUL 1 9 • 1
FiG ·
' . . '
2.27
...
Compaction Apparatus
Z-48 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROO, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Uale. JUL 19 2013
--." . ,-,
." .. ~,.~~
:l333
t.
-- -------------------------------
the pitton 11 remov,cl, the 10adina tub. 11 railed, anti the compac:tloll cham
ber 11 opened U Ihown in Figure 2.. 27. Sample D 11 then aailly remov.d.
With lOme powder., & lubrlc&tina; aaea~ Ie appUed to the ald., of the COlD
pactio'" chamber to prevent cradt formation I.t the edie. of the cubic .peelmen. The.e crack. are evldently cau.ed by friction between the powder uei
the chamber .id •• dUrinl comprea.ioll. It ha.. been £oulUl n.c ..... ry to place
a. thin metal pl&t. at the bottom of the compaction chamber to prevent powd.r
from belal extruded from the bottom of the chamber durin, c::omprel.ton.
2. z. 1. Z. 3. 2 Oecompre •• ion Apparatu •• - The decompre .. lon teat 1.
condllcted ill the apparat'Q1 .hown in Ftpre Z. 28. The decompr ... lo11 teat
chamber A coneilte oC a Iuctte cylinder 6 inch .. ill diameter by .. inche.
hlah with aluminum plate. clamped to both enel.. The bottom end plate ha. a
sr,ap valve inlet for the pn .. "rt.lnl gal. The top enel plat. hal a Imall
oriC1ce 1.01' a manometer connection and a Z-inch orifh:. for audclen pre.eure
reIea.... The a-inch orUlee ia covered with a thin plaetie membrane which
can be ruptured. 8&111y. A tank oJ Ihy nitrolen with hiah anellow pra .. ur.
reaulator. B f. ueed to p2'e8lUJ'ize the teet chamber. The pre •• ure in the
chamber i. mealured with a mercury manometer C.
The teat i. conducted In the follcnrln, way: Firat the compacted powder
.pecinlen 11 ,uapellded on the wire frame ,hown in ripr. 2.29. The epeei.
men il held 100a.1y betw.en two platea COvered with ,pon.e rubber. The
tension betwee!t the plat •• ia made a. amall a. poeaible to avoid .tr .....
due to .u,petl.ion. The luapaoded apecimen 1, next placed in the teat cham
ber. The teat. cbamber u thIn pre.,urlzed with' dry nitrogen which call.e.
the pla.tic (!o\,erinl over the Z-tnch orifice to bulse llightly outward. A
period of 5 minut,. h allowed for the ga. prellure itt.ide the powder Ipeel
men to equalise with the aurroullelinl pre18U1'e. At thi. point the plaltic
diaphralm ia ruptul'8d by pric:k1nl it with a neeelle or by plunlinl a blunt
in.trument th:roulh it.
2-49 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Uale; JUL 1 9 2DI
I I-I I
-----------~----------------------------
-. I
2.-50
fit :J .... a to a. Q. c[
c: o °i • """ a. e o cJ • o (0 (\J
(\J
o --u..
;'age determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3,5
!.J8te: JUl 1 9 201
Fig. 2.29 Suspended Powder Specimen
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526, S.gtion3.5 Uate:
JUl 19 • 333
Ii I I I
I.
Th. r .. ult. of luch to.tl ar8 lhown in Fiprel 2.30 ihroup 2. 32.
FiFe a. 30 .howl .. 'peciml" which WAa .ubjected to lubcritlcal decom
pre.eioll. Ga. e.capinj hOlD the interior cracked the Ip.dmen but did not
fracture it. The eraekl tend to run perpendicular to the dlreetioll of com
paction. FiSUrl Z. :H .hoWI a lpec:imen which fractured apon beinl ."bjectecl
to the crltlcal decomprellion prellure. I'tgllJ'e 2. 32 Ihow. 1' •• u1t. obtaJud
when the .pecimen 1, .ubjected to a .uporcritical pre.,ure drop.
The.e result. provide considerable inllght into the tenaU. 'trengtb pro
pertiea 01 the t .. t powder. It wal found that local tranlVe2'le craekl of the
type shown in Fipl'e 2. 30 may occur at pre.lure drop level I conliderably
below the critical pre •• ure drop. The predominantly tranlVlrl. confipra.
tion of thele crack. 1. a elear Indication of the anilotropy 01 the compacted
powder.
The .uparcritical decompr ... ion ca •• (FiJUre 2.32) lhow. the Itriktn, breakup that can be achieved Ivell with a relatively omall preelUre drop.
TellaUe £.Uure un.der ."percritlca1 conditions LI characteri.ed by breakup
throupQUt the vol\l.me ot the 8&mp1e. Thb phenomenon may be of ,ianHi.
eanee with reepect to the aeroaoHzation of powder. fro111 the compacted
etate. Thi. tellllL1e te.t technique i. being modified .0 that teete can be
carried out with sample. havln, a known moiltur. content.
z. a. 1. 3 Eluttci!y or Compacted Powdera
All powden which we have worked with to date have been fOl.1nd to b ••
have ela.tically tn the compacted atate. Recent mealurementa 01 the sbe.,
etrellith of compacted powders by the tria"ial technique bave provlded •••
dividend the data requu'ed to determine the el.ltic mOOlllu. ot the powder
lample.. In the ehe.r Wit., I. continuou •• tre •• ··.train curve it obtained
up to tne point of failure. A typical .treIlB·,u·a.in curve, .e plotted by the
In.tron machine, wal pr •• entecl in Fiaure Z. 6. paae Z.·12 of our Ninth 1
auarterlyaeport.
z-sz Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Stetlon 3.5 Uate:
JUt 19 2OJ3
l~ I
I ,
!
J
Fig 2.30 Cracking caused by 5ubcritico I decompression. (Talcum powder. density .S80m/ce, pressure drop 60 mm Hg)
Z-53 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Uate:
JUL J 9 •
333li
Fig. 2.31 Break caused by critical decomprisslon. (Totcl..lm powder, density .S8 gm Icc l pressure drop 80 mm HO)
2-54
Pag~ determined to be Unclassified Ft$",ew.d Chre', ROD, WHS lAW EO 1~526. Stction U !Jltt: JUL 1 9 201
• l
Fig. 2.32 Explosive faiftil"e caused by supercriflcal decompression. (Talcum powder, density .68 gm/cc, pr~ssure drop 290 mm Hg)
2-,>5
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 !Jate:
-r-----------------------------------------------I I I
StJ'UI -acrain curv'l obtained from triaxial teata have bee. £ou.rul to be
.... nti-ally linear; that ll, the powder ob.ya Hooke'. law prior to Ihear
failure. !:ad!.er attempt. to me.lure the eluttc:1ty 01. compacted powela,.
led to lb. erroneOUI COI!.c1u.lon. that the .U:e .. -atrain C\U'VI '110'.1 11.0ft11ne.l'. ~ It 11 now appaul'lt that the IlODllneartty obaerved in the.e '.aU W&I 4ua to
wall-friction effectl.
Th. elaltic mocl.ulu. of a compacted powder may ba determined db.ctly
from the d.finition:
where 13 il tbe applied Itre •• &nd A" f. il the corre.poucit.!ll b .. ctioaal
eha ... e in 1enlth of the t .. t .peclmen.
Valuea of the ela,tic moclulu. lor .everal tampl. dloam .•• bave been
determined from the above ICLuatlon ulin" the .hear.t •• t data foZ' 'lcchaJ'ln.
The relult. are plotted in Fisure 2..33. For purpOIe. of comparilon. the
compa.ction .tr .... den.tty CIlloI've 11 alia Ihown in the fi",r.. It I.. eviclent
from thi. £l,ur. tha.t within the accura.cy of the te at d&ta the e1&.tic modulul
il propol'tioaal to the compaction atre... Future teata will e.t&bIbh
whether the .. al.etic properti •• an ,.nerally true of compactect material,.
Z. 2. 2. Theoretic_lInveltt ation. or the M .. (.hani~8 of Com a.cted wel'l
Durin, thl. q,ua.rter, con.lei.rlble prosreu hal been mae!. in d..finin.
the mechanical properti,. of compacted powcl. .. u. Theoretical developments
dllcu •• ed in Section l. 1. Z are b .... a upon experImental data .. on the em
pirical Equatione (2.1) ane! (2. 3). In thia 8ectior. of the report, a paraUel
treatment of compa.cted powdera il preu:ltad that ia purely theoretical i.n
nature. It ia noteworthy that the condulion' re~cbecl are qualitatively in
"areement with the empirical theory.
Page determined to be Unclassified 2-56 Reviewed Chief. ROO. WHS
lAW EO 13626. S.crtlon 3.5
!Jltl: JUt 1 9 2013
I I
I.
17 J
7
- 7 N e 1/ ~
'" II
l x 107
II II III
~ g 'fj
i 13
J" 1
I{ -t-E
/ I i/ - .) - . . ..
. :l 7
.. 0 II
j x 106
::4 ~
:J. . I
r,-,. "'0
• .!! !ill I
" ". -/
A 7
9 J
0.3 0.06 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.5 2.0
I. DeD.ity P (II em 3)
Fli. 2.. 33 Da.tic Modul". for Compade<1 S.ec:hal'ln aa G F1mctlon. of Denaity (Compactton. Stl' ... -Deneity Curve ahown for Compari.on)
Page determined to be Unclassifi~ Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Uat.:
JUl 19 101
I I·
~ppo.e that a powder .element hal been compacted to a en_in del1.it,.
by the &pplleatlon of a cOl!Iprelllve .tre .. 0c (major pl'inctpal .tte .. ). We
C&I1 con.icler the conditione lOl! fractul'e of the 8iemeat "Relet' the application
of ao.mprell'v •• tn .... that are .mall ~ampared. with ac ' Altboup the
actlla.l confiSl1ration 01 the ,y.tem of part1el .. il very complex. it m&y be
.... umed lor purpole of analy.le that a "typicalll plLl'ticle or alslomerate
confllur~tloD exiet., which I. eu.bjected to applied forc .. In the manner
depicted in FiJUl'e ~. 3.. The forc .. F Lnd S Lre. re.pecUvely, IlOrmal and
tansenUal foreel relative to the plane on wh,(ch .h •• r tak .. place when the
lample £&il.. Theae force' an u;umed to be a.ppiied to the particle by the
reactione of ne'ahborinl partic:1u above the .hear plane. The pantele h
held in ectuilibr~um 'by ~nctloni NL and Nit, acttna at an effoctive anile (J
relative to the .hear plane.
Th ... force. may be related to the appli.d .tu •••• by mean. of the
follOwing equation.:
F • aan (2 ••• '
S .. b-r (Z.8'b1
(Z.8c)
(~.8d)
where ern i. the normal Itre' •• Cit ill the tra"sver ••• tl' ..... and or t. the
appUed shear ill, ,strell. The co.fficienb a to " ue eonltaut, which dapanel
on the c.onfiluratlon of the particle ensemble. The term. &L and fiR repr.·
unt die 1l0nlymmatrtc illcremellel in the reaction force. N L and Nit which are required to balal1ce the applied. toree • .,. and S. For equilibrium, we
mUle have the •• ·relation.hip. (pa,. Z~60):
~-58
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WH: lAW EO 13526. Section 3.
Uat,,; JUL 1 9 • I
L I. I
I'
i
&I.---t ....
1-19
~ N
~ -&I.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
LJate: JUL 1 9 201
I-
I I
i . I
I I I
, '
1
(2.9&)
(Z.9b)
At the point ot fractun, we may & •• ume that "'L :: -at' where at ie the "averase" tenlil. atreqth of ill&erpal'ticle contact.. FUl'thermore, the
tran,vene .trul at the point of fracture can be exprelled •• (aee Figure
Z.35)
(Zo. 10)
where -c ia the alope of the IheAl' 10CUI curve.
From Equationa (1..8) th:roulh (2. 10'. w. fl.nc1 on eliminatinl aR "Qd
.ettina tiL " - at that
(a COl' • c lin 2,) (Fn • (b lin tI + 2c lin 29 tan "C)T
(2.11)
Thi, equation can be expr .... d in the cODden.ed form
(2.1at
Now, r.colni.1nl tb&t tan "c • dT/d an' we can ."prea. the dlU,rendal
equation 01 the Iheal' locul in the form
't d't = acr • ~T + r en- n n
2-60
(2. 13)
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13626. Siction 3.5 uat.: JUL 9 2013
I
a:W 4CZ W4 %..J enG.
CI)
a 9 a:
I. ~ I I %
en
2-61
11.1
~ tc III fa:: -3 %-COif ~ s! "':s: 0:0
&&.
a~ ~z .... -cn2 ~ . N
~ -~
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 135~6, ~cjion 3.5 u.t.: JUL 1 ~ 201S
II I \ ! I I -I
I
t t
I
I L
whll'. the <:OOlt& •• a, a and r &1"1 defined by the nationlhip.
a 1 a ,. 4Ci ,ID' - I (2. 14a)
b ~ >: lC COl'
(a.14b)
(2. 14c)
To loly. thil equation, we fil'lt ir:ltroduc:e & new variable z = a "n +., and
then make the lubaUtution T • UII. The tra.nl!ormed equ&tion ia
ucll1 t=~ L-~u-au •
(2.15)
EquatioD (l. IS) may be lolved £01' Z to live
• = {Z.16)
when C i ... conltant of integration and qZ -(l/al(l + "Z/4a).
Tbe Ihear locul interc~1 tbe O-UI.I a.t II .. - ao where "0 tl the bulk t.oeile Itrenlth 01 the compacted powder. Thi, point corn.pond, to u - 0
ancl So • ajcrol + r. -alool +.,. From Equation (2. 16) we obtain for u • 0
2-62
(2. 17}
Page detennined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROO. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Uate:
JUl 19 Z01S 1
I.
I ,.
EUrninfotiftl C trom Equalloll. (2. 16) fond (1. 17), we obtain
~ -I IS ~ -1 J ~ '%5Ci tanll 2QCl - 'ZaG tuh q (u + fir)
a I (u) • _._q ____ -;::::=-.===-.:<l~~------VI -110.1 ~ Q III
II
So (Z. 18)
The .h· ..... T a.nd (J al'e mLp~eI.ible in term. of 11. t (u). &Gel ClO
a. follow.: n .
~ = (&r~o 1- 1) Hul - al~ol
!!of -(jI;j -1) I1f(u)
(3. 19.)
(2.. 19b)
The Ihear Loclla \, def'hUld by the aboye eqUAtions in terms of the con,tlnt.
Q. IS, and T'. Slnc:. l" I. p:ropon10ual to &t CEquati.on (2.. 14c)). it la claar that
r mult al.o be proportional to the bulle ten.ile atrenlth of the ~wdtr.
All intereatin, l'e.1.llt can b. d.educed immediately from li:quation (3.19).
It I. founcl from lCcluatton (2.. 18) that ~ (ul~ ••• U'" q - rs IZO. Tbe:rlforl.
for larae valu.a of Hu).
f ... (aq - ~) lin • (Z. ZO)
t. e •• the .hlar locu. i, lineal'. Th •• hape. of .h.ar loci d.etenninell from
thi. analy.i. are Indicated in I'lp,e Z. !6 {or 1'8presetUatlvI v.lues 01 a, IS
and T J IGo
I. The curv ... hawn corr .. pond. to the valull of T: Y' " 1.0 lao I. 1. 51"01 a.nd Z. 01°01. with a = 0.8 and II = 0.4. From Equation (Z. ZO) i.t can
be ••• n that the elope. of the curvee for 1a,1 v~ue. of II .hould be idelltiCal.
Thua. the dlUerel\t value. of T' Uluatrate the effect. of colle.lon on tll ... 'beal'
locu.. for emall value. of o.
Zoo, Page determined to be Uncla.slfted
Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS
lAW EO 1352fl.. sef§n. Uate: .JUL
}
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
, Uate: JUL 19 ..
! ..
1
Ii 1
It can be ••• n. from Flp ... 1. 36 th&t all of the curv .. are very nearly
atntlht line. for If> O. a reault which aare •• very well wUh the empirically
ba.eel theory of Sec:tioll Z. 1. Z. From the fllure, one se •• that the bulk
tenane .tunath .hou.l4 be approximately eq,ual to the pu:re Ih.ar .treqth.
ac:c:ordb~1 to thtl thlory, if 1/1 CJ o J < 1. 5.
It Ihou14 be oblerved that this analytic:al treatment il not c:apable of
actually 40lininl the Ihur Ioc\u in ablolut. term.. The aba.pe of the curvel
t. dlfined. however, to within. a con.tant fa.ctor. A more fundam.ntal
approach is requl.ud to def1ne the .trenath o[ compacted powul'e uniquely ln
terms of ba.ic powder parameter., luch al particle li"e, interparticle
molecular or chemical boru:1 lIuu"I... etc. The mo.t balic aven.ue of a.ttaa
on thie problem i. threu,h development of a len.eraJ theery of compaction.
~. 3 PhI,leal .. ad Chemlw Cha.nc:teriatici of the Powder Pa.l'ticle
Behavlor of cOIJlpac:tscl pori.", iI funciamentally determined by thl
nature of the intermolecular forc.s (phYllcal or chemical) extlUns at the
contact areae b.twe.n particle.. In the followin.S monthl, inere •• ec! em
phaail will be placed upon evaluation of the {aetore which c1etuml.ne ~ ••
force. and upon relation of the •• factOI'I to the behavior of Che compacted
atate - lpacUically their effect on .ue~ propertie. al Ihear Itr.n,th. ten,il, etrenith, and dilp.raiblUty. Among the are.1 to b •• tudied are particl.
shape, particl, 1111., cry.tal habit. ludac. area. porolity. rUloltty,
kin.tic. of the ac!.orption proc •••• and chemical reactivity.
The total ludael area of powde1'l will b. determined by the lae aclsorp
tion m.thad previoully deecrib.el l in which the powder il conditioned to a
around ltate free of adlorbeel i..... Under carefully controlled conditions.
a monomolec:ular layer' of a ,al will then be adlorbed. Oft the lurfac.. Know.
ina the _laht anel cro ..... ctioaall.1'ea per molecule of ad.orbent. the total
lurfac. al'l& c:an th.n b. calculateel from the weight lalneel by the I&mple
durinl the acllorptton proc.... In adclttien to lettinl up of ratller compli
cated hiah-vacuum apparatu •• an extenliv. literature learch 11 now underw.,.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Ult.: JUL 1 9 201S
J ,
-----------------------------
In heaUna the powderl to the Iro"nd Itat. conlielerable care mUlt b.
exerehed. particulArly with b\olo;lcal maCerial., .il1c. the heat require4 to
remove the lan tracu of acl.or'bed (.1 may .tructurally chUI' the partiele,
re."ltlnl in pOlSiol, Ira .. chan ••• in ludac.. In view of informatioft cur
rently bein, obta1ne<1 from the literature, however. it appear. quite likely
that experimental conditionl can be found to brin, mOlt powdeu to aft
acc:eptabl. Iround atate prior to the monomolecular adlorption pro c ••••
By ltudyl", the adlorptton characteriltlci of a powder ultnll adlorb.ftt.
of varylnl molecular cro .. lectionl, the area repro.entattve of the .xternal
particle .urface cion be dillerenUated from the tntunal pore .tructure. In
thi. ""'y the poro.ity of particle. call be determineel. Partide poro.ity ia of
lntere.t in consideration of particle den,lty. ite .Uact uPOI1 compaction, and
UpOIl the kinetici of water acllorptlon by the particle. Chan ... in adaorpti
vity or In total ludace area rellultin. from the compaction proce .. should
yield information c;onClII'ninl Ule nature of interparticle contacts, In addl*
\ion, mauy parti~lI. in the compacted and/or uncompacted sta.te will over a
perLod ohime form a rillid, cake Itructure. Thia lurely mu.at be the 1'8ault of
moll~ular rl&rraoiement into a seml-contlnuOUl 01' eellula.r Itructure,
Therefore, the l'uu.1Ung chan,.1 in luri.ce area or other ad.lorptian charac
teristiel will be ot intere.t.
tn oln atucly of powder. _ iIor8 conlw,l1t1y concerned with the .Uecta of
adeorptlon of mol.etUl'e by a. p .. r\i~le, We mUlt Cor thi. realon know the
kln.tL~. of water acllorptlon by powdera both in the compacted and uncom*
pacted atatel. or in other wordl. the rate at wh1~h water i. pieked up alll!
how the mOisture contlnt of the lample ata.ye at equilibrium. 111 adclilian.
the nature of adlorption - wheWI' monomolecular, multimolecular. or
capillary - wUl be tnvelti.ated.a a function of expolure to d1«erent atmol
pher.a and al II function of clegre. of compaction.
Upon detal'mina.tton of particle 1i.1I dl.tribl.Jtlgn an" total audace area, the particle rUI0atty can be calculated. Particle r\llolity i. deftnecl a, the
act",al total lurface area divl.ded by the calcWatecl .uril.ce a:llea ..... umin.
~-66 Page determined to be Unclassified Re"iewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Ualt: JUL 1 9 20D !
'1
that the particle. are perfeet .phere.. RUla.tty theft become. a "r0\2,l1ne .. "
index for the ~rtic:le .urf.ee. ParUeJe ru,o.ity al10uld have a relatiouahip
to the relative e ... of eompaetton and redbpel'lion of a. powder aampl ••
The chemical properUe •• particularly rela.tiv8 chemical raaetivitlea of
the powdel'l beina .wdted, will be liven Iners •• ed emph.eia. Thia become.
vitally important in the evaluation of relative bonding (oreel at the inter
partic:le contact.. The c:hemiatry of the powder puttcl .. will a1.0 playa
dominant I"ole in determining the physical propertie' o£ a compacted or UI1-
compacted powder dter prolon.ed atarase.
A variety of chemically identical particulate material. are a.vaUabl.
commercially which a. a ,nult of their method of man~faetur. may diHer
In cryltalline habit. 'I'hu. a coneicl.r.ble amolmt of Information .hould be
reaeUly attatnable by proc:urin. repru.ntative lamplel and eubJec:ttnS thele
to the battery ot test. already developed.
Determination of the .. phy.ical and chemical charactlrllUcl of the
poweler particles and correladoD of theee chAract.eriIUC:I with buU: meehanl
cal propertiu determined by the ~e.tI a.lready perfected ehould plrmit a
realiettc: evaluaUon of the relative ea. •• with which powder. may be com
pacted anel redilpera.d, independlnt of thl time lapa. ilwalved.
Z. 3. 1 Particle Sbe Analyei.
A. di.cua.ad in the previous aection. it i. expectecl that an important
paramet.r &!fectin. thl behavior of a powde J' j. i" mean particle .i.e.
Conaequently. It.l analYI.8 are beiD, made tor the varioue telt powd.er. by
Ultng both .edimentaUon and microac:optc counting technique.. Size diatrl
bution. determin"d by the Whitby ledimentatior1 technique lor .accharin.!!!!.
ta.lc, and cornatareh ara lho_ In "'8'11'''. Z. 37 throll." Z.40. The .eclinten
tadon fluid •• feedinlllquicll. and clhper1ins alent. uled io the li&. analy.ee
of the •• powderl are defined in the flauru. The aize di.tt't~tiOtl8 lor other
teat powder. will aho be utabllahed wherever po •• lble by applyin. thl
Whitby technique.
Z-61 Page determined to be UnclaSSified Reviewed ChIef. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 {Jate: .:.~~ 1 9 Z013
I I I I
i
1
I· I •
I
o
.. -I
.1 .. ", .•• . ; .
.. ! . j .. , I
PARTICLE DIAMETER (MICRONS)
FIG. 2.37 MATERIAL - CORNSTARCH PREPARED IN JET
PULVERIZER SEDIMENTATION LIQUID - WATER FEEDING LIQUID - 70". WATER 30.,. ACETONE DISPERSING AGENT - ALKYL BENZENE SULFONATI
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 lJate:
JUl 19 2D13
112.
1
I.
.: •• I -I
.•• l'
., ; : ' I :
-l
PARTICLE DIAMETER (MICRONS)
FIG. 2.38 MATERIAL - SACCHARIN PREPARED IN JET PULVERIZER SEDIMENTATION LIQUID - KEROSENE FEEDING LIQUID - 15% NAPTHA 85 .. KEROSENE DISPERSING AGENT - TWITCHEL
aus
Page determined to be Unclassified 1 Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
Uata: JUL 1 9 •
I,
-u.. .,. o
, . . :.. :; ~ : : ' ': '!.' L --r-+·· .. ·h ·,· ,. 'i l .. • .. ' '-'1'''-
':"l:'-';"!""':~ ~.: .' :"1::' .. 1\ - ' ''- ... - '~'l' I I I·· .' ...... . ',.:'! I • : I .: .. . • I . 1 "1 .' I .,.1 ...
. ..... I"', j' i ...... \:. ., I : ! ... : :. ''- i
I ! ... ,. . ."1! ·'!.'f
PARTICLE DIAMETER (M ICRONS)
FIG. 2.39 MATERIAL - TALC SEDlMENTATION LIQUID - WATER FEEDING LIQUID - 30% ACETONE 70% WATER DISPERSING AGENT - NONE
2. .. TO Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3,5
Uat.: JUL 1 9 2013
Iua . . . ,
n r
z Cl :z:: ... IX 11.1 Z -"'-
, 1 . ,-
: , i
I.-----~--.-~~----! ~. --------~ ~ -\ . . !'
z.o SO 4.0 ID 10.0 1.0
PARTICLE DIAMETER lMICRONS)
-I
FIG. 2.40 MATERIAL - 8m SEDIMENTATION LIQUID - BENZENE (lice) FEEDING LIQUID - 70.,. BENZENE, 30.,. NAPTHA DISPERSING AGENT - TWITCHEl
2-71
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROO. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 LJate' JUl 1 9 2Ol3
a."
\
\
I
1. AEROSOL STUDIES
The experimental work duel'lbetl in thil report lne!\1de8 a lltucly of the
eUeetl of coft,C'entratl.on On the stabtUty of aerolob and the efficiency of two
dilierertt diapersins eyetems. For .ome o! the work both the direct .am
pUn, .,stem and a fluctuation-me.lurin, IYltem were put i.nto 1,11 ••
The pre.ent report include. certain theoretical e.timat •• bearin, Oft the
coagulation proct.e. Four different approach •• are 8UIS8IU1id; none of thel.
il capable of IlUPplyin,. cle/initive a21IlWera, but each cQntriwt •• to an uncler
ltand11l1 of coaplatton.
3.1 1SgerimonW Work
The e~lIl'lmental work of tba pa.t faw month II hal been devoted to ..
<;omparilon of method. for diaper.lnl the powder char,e in the aerolol
chamb,er. inveltt.atioD of techniqu •• for lmprovinar tha quali.ty of the llpt beam in the chamber, &lid a ltudy of the effect of partide CD1\centraUon on
I.e rOlol decay.
3. I. 1 Comparilon of Di'p.ralq Methodl
We mention tlut a. leri .. of a.bbreviated runs tompariq the diaper.iftl
.ffleianet .. of two dl.pereinl .y.teml. The ewirl di.perll .. 8 wa. ,en. rally openteci with 2.~O pli of nUro,en applied to the IU inlett £01' 5 •• cond.. A
.eriel of runl wal al.o condu.eted with 60 pili appUed pr ... ure. A tbi1'd
.eri.1 of run. made Ill. of the Wr.tlq dlap1ualm diep.r.er. which W'&' operated. a. d.lllcribed previou.ly. q The room's bllml.d.lty dut'tn. mi. period wae betweell. 15 aftCl as percent. The am_nt of poWlie:r diaper.ed -in each ca,. between '10 a.nci 110 mi. The l'e.ultl ot theae run. are shown in
Figure 3.1.
Page determined to be UnclassIfied Reviewed ChIef. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
lJate: JUL 1 9 2.01S
1
r L
i
l-
t
~ 10
L.
01 APHRAM DISPERSER
..... ....... ~
~
SWIRL DISPERSER
a80,,1 80 Pli
~ ..... -.. 8=
-~ 10' -Ib IE
\ ~
\\ ;;-:: \\ P.S.
_\\
'\ ,~ ~ c.s. " --. " P.~
IDa ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ t(lni~ t(rnin)
FIG. 3.1 CONCENTRATION. OF DISPERSING METHODS
( 100 mv SAMPLES)
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROO. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
Uate: J~L 1 9 Z013
. I : I , ,
aau
It may b. noted from :Firr. 3. I that all three m.thods of c:Usper.int
prodlic. cur..,., 01 .... DUally the sam. ,lope .xe.pt in th. ca ••• ~ con.starch and powdered milk. For the latter two powders, the twirl ellepere ••
produced ~"I'lt.dly more stabl. aeroaols than thoae from the bul'ltllll dla
phl'ap dhperaer. Not. a180 that compadlOl'l. of the Ye2'tlcal poIUlan of the
CUl'v •• Ihowl that the lwirl ell.perser produced more turbid aerolo1, fer all
powders except talc. Thil can be partially explained by the tact that lonse
ulc adher .. to the internal surface I of the ewi.d eli,pener.
Another leriel of runs to determine c:oncentration .Uectl provided
further information Oil the disperlina proc:e88. The.e runl wel'e rather
elaborate, a.nd a diacullion of inltrumentatlon mu.t precede our report of
relultl.
3. 1. Z Modification. to ApparaN.
The aae.lye1.e of Ulht .eatterin, fluetuattons 1 0 asaurroe. a Will-defined
lisht b.am with uniform illtenlity acr081 ita diameter. Some .Hort 1111' ....
inveltect ciu.rinl thia quarter ill improvin. the liaht beam. Thil improvement
was obtained only a.t the expen •• DC monochromatic qualUt .. 01 tbe b •• m.
The modUlcatione lore; 1) the repla~ement of the projeetlon lamp lilhe
10001"CI by an automobill taUlllht bulb (OJ: 1493). which more nearly
approximate. a point 101ll'ee; l) removal o£ the Cornina 7-60 filter; and
3) pl.eing. I-inch diameter aperture at the entrance window of the chamber.
The reeultlnl beam hae an lotenlity variation of about )0 percent aero.1 the
I-inch beam diameter. The effective apec.tral dUlributian of the 1I1ht ie now
determiae" by a combination of the character1etiel of the photomultipUer
tube and thl iilhe bulb. Th18 eHective distribution. plotteclill the mallU
facturer'l handbook for the photomultiplier tube. hal a maximum ., a wave-
1enlth of 0.50 micron and a full width at half-maximum, 0.15 micl'OI1. AI
thaulh thta rep,.e.entl a conliderable ,&c1'ulee of the monochromatic
qualUle. ot the previoul liNation, 11 it is probably of no IInat coftlequence, beeau. the IcaHerins power. of the particle lis •• in que,tion are p,.actt-
lZ cally independent of wavelenath.
)-3
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
LJate: J\JL 1 j 2013
In conjunction with the work on lilbe beam quality. we me.auree! the
lnteneity of the beam. It. av,ul' int.DIlty wal Z.l x 10' UDitl/cml.,
expre ... d in photometer Ubit.. Th. accuracy of thi. m.alUr.mellt il :t 10
percent. Thil optical .rran,ement wal UI.el for aU work r.ported in til. pl'e.ent r.port.
Some of the runl citlcul.ed included in.trumentation for the preei ••
m •• lluemont of nuetuatlona of the liabt acattering lignal. Thi. wal con
veai.ntly al:complilbed by connectinK .. Sanborn amplifier and rel:order iu
paraUel with th. BroWD recorder. The f1'eq,~tency respon •• of the former
extendl from 1 to 100 CPI (on the a-c input). whereas that of the latter ex
tencl. from de to about 1 Cpl. One record.r tbu. compliment. tbe othel':
the Brown recorder dilplaYI the lilnal amplitude while the S.nborn dilplaYI
the Iup.rimpoeed fiUCtuatlO1lI. In practice the Sanborn il IIwitched on at
.eleeted tim.1 and nne for about ~O •• condl to vroduce .. fluctuation trace
for analYli.. On •• uch trace il .hewn in Figure 3. Z.
The fluctuations are analysed in the tollowins way: A 10 •• econd interval
is marked off em the trace, and the fractional amount of time that the ,llnal
i. 1 ... than & liven value (say ·1 my) ia read. from the trac.. U thll proce ..
11 repeated lor .everal difterent lillnal valuee (eay -1/2 me. 0 mv, +I/a mv
and +1 mv) and the pointl an plotted on probability paper. a atl'a1sbt liM
r .. ult.. The diltribution of nuctuatiolUl b therefore a .. umec! to be ,au .. iall,
and ane may read the root mean Iq\lar. (rma) value DE the fluctuation. from
the IUph.
Aa explained in a previoa. l'eport13 there il an intrinlic flucb&ation 1110
the eLectronics which is not alway. emall compared to the total fiuctuatlon.
A lerlea of run. with other illuminatina alenei.1 determined tIM reeidual
fluctuation. wh1cb ill to be lubtracted ".t l'ilht. anllea" !:rom the ob.erved
fluctuation to obtain that cauaed by the aer0801. In equation form,
z Z 2 (F aeroeo11 .. (V observed) .• {F residual) (3. 1)
3-4 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
LJate: JUL 1 9 2013
\ I
I 1 I ,
1
I 11
I 1
r0-W .. ..
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 lJate: JUL 19 me
\ I 1 I
3. ]. 3 Study of Concel1tration Effeet.
When thl .wid power liilpeuer wal ttrlt tried, it. opezoa&ioll proved
10 latt.fa.ctory that clilperaion of larse samplf!A wa.s feasible. The planned
lIequ.ence of work wa. therefor. intel'1'Ilptec1 to permit a .eriel 01 rUlu with
varied amount. o£ powder. The amount. uled were I000.:t 100 ma. 100.±
]0 mi. and 10.± 1 mg. The humidity durin, this period we. between 15 and
Z5 percent. Th. re.wt. of theee run, are shown in Fl&uJ'eI 3. 31s) tbroup
3.7(a}.
The unit. pLotted on the ordinates requh·. lome explanation. A preYiouI
.. eport14 \lee. th8 expre.don
'T •• leg rna
for the leattered liaht. We take \hi. opportunity to chanse an unfortun .. te
notation by replac1nl1. by S. the Illn&l. Our meaeuremelit of I (which ,iv ..
I ill photometer Ulllt. per cmZ) then enables UI to calculate the ratio
s T!ii I" Z)
which ha.l die dimanlion of al'.a~ ~ Q t. L geometric (actor. ths lOUd. aa.lla.
The quantity
II iii a (3.3)
expre •• ed in ~z.. 1. u.ed on the ol'cUnlL18 of the Ira.ph.. lna.much a. Z 2-
" .. d. J 6 fI" 1 ~ • we have al80
S .. m _ N. &V n1f T
3-6
(3.4)
Page determined to b. Uncl •• lfted Reviewed Onef. ROO. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 !Jate:
JUl 19 201
lOa
l~ ~
"" .. K ~
IlIo.. - £
~ - ~ -~ IOO2~ ..... >-.... -~ - "'".....:.. )......... Ib Ie 10.
-.;;~~ '\....... .".,
90. ~
......... !;;;.
""- .... :---- Jj
~
10.0 ~
o 10 20 30 40
t (min)
FlO. 3.3(a) CONCENTRATION RUNS FOR TALC
F>age determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
Oat.: JUL 1 9 201
I I
I . ,
1111
. F
! t t
t I r-I.
I. I" l.
I l.
10 • ..
I' I ~
':I.. -Ib Ie '0
...l. \. ~. ~
\ A b "-
~ ~ ~ .", "l ~ ~ .~ ~~.I ~ ~ r----.c I ~ 10
. "- IO~ ~y . -- r--
11~<Y'l~ '1 .......... ~
0 I) 20 30 40
tlmlnJ
FIG. 3.4 (a) CONCENTRATION RUNS FOR CORNSTARCH
3-8 III' Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.6
Uale: JUL 1 9 Z01!
,. I.
-N:s.. -
o
IO.9mg
10 20 30
t (min)
FIG. 3.5(0) CONCENTRATION RUNS FOR POWDERED SUGAR
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
UIIII.: JUl 1 9 101
usa
n t:
fM ~ Ib Ie 101
't A.. ~
:1 }.
u ~
b.
~
~ "c .,
l~ .J.....
o 10
..... -- ....... I"--.. I002.E ml r........ ......
"" -.........c '-r-L0..!,:4mt
-Jumt r.....
.~
.... r--.,.
20 30 40 .,
t (min.)
1 FIG. 3.6 (0) CONCENTRATION RUNS FOR POWDERED MILK
t
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROO. WHS lAW EO 13626. S.,tion 3.5
UIle: JUl 1 9 2DB
....
, t I ,
II
E \.
...... "._'._ .... _- ._------_ .. , -----
i\
10"
-. ~ ....
1000.5 m,~ -In -":t.. -Ib
~ ~ .).....
98.e rnt
Ie 10' a..
--IOml
'-
0 I ~ 20 30 40 t (min.)
FIG. 3.7(0) CONCENTRATION RUNS FOR SACCHARIN
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Uate: JUL 1 9 2013
-ii.1
-::-!' 2 a In a .Smil .. , way, we .~ repla.ce I. • t. of the nl.renel by J' I .0
that there t. the expr ... lon
(3.5)
The aame c:onc:enh'atioll "'Ill. are pr ••• ated hi a d.Wer:ln.t manner in
Yipre. 1, 3(hl thr011lh 3.1(b), Here S/80
' the 11111&1 in percent of initial
al.nai, le pl.otted v.raul tUne on1osarithmic normal paper. For the pIll"po.e.
of the •• plote, the "1llittal .lanal" wa. ~ell to be the 11,8U ODe minute afta"
di.per1inl the pDW<let"; thia procedure Wa. adopted 112 view of the fact that
lome 30 seconde are required. fgf' thorO'llp c1ilpe.81nl. The time Icale 011
the "a" •• rie. of ,raph., then, differ. by One mil1"te {zoom that of tbe ''bIt
eeriel,
It will be noted that many of the curve. of the "bn .erlee are veZ'Y uarly
aua1lht 11n.l; the exceptione in mOlt ca."a an the 10 mil runl. For the
l .. nel" rUDI the lilna1 waa not far: above back,rau.nd (particularly 1ft che late
ltase. Qt a.eroeoIIUe), which may account for deviationl bom a llnear plot.
Th. inlerence of .. straight ll1l. on logarlthlnlc normal paper may be 15
.. en by referenca to the Ixprel.lonl fOr B0nAl.lomeralive aero.ol. elecay.
ConUnient on the ullcertaintie. stated there. a .traight liDe impU.I that the
aerolol decays wlthCN.t a •• lomeratloIlJ the 50 percent pOint OCC1U" at
pd. Zt .. l70, .0 that the "half 11fe" i. lllval'l.l,. proportional to the equare of
u", 1\U'!a~O median ell.meter nI thf" iaitial •• :0101 partteJ ...
Figure. 3. l through 3.7 aul ... t the following two ltat,mentl:
1) For a liven powtler. the reu of decay t. very Marly iDd..pendant of the amount cUlpel'led.
Z) A ten-folcllncl'oal. ill the amount of powder dJ.pe,.ecl doee not produce a ,en.fold. tner .... e in scaUered Uiht.
The £irlt .tatemlnt lmpU. •• that coaplation play. no important pal't ill
the p~ .. en1 experimeat. For, " indicated by any theontical treatmallt,
eoapation i, a " .. concl ordel' reaction" 111 which (eee pt.,. 3-18)
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Uate: JUL 1 9 2013
I
I I [ ;
I i
I u t
n r ,
N
o cD
o T
02 0000 t--_.., .. ,., N
o
o N
z o -~ .5 a: e ... z -... ~ z
o (.)
1. 1VNElIS 'VIJ.INI .:10 J.N30H3d HI 'YNOIS -o8/S
)-u Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
LJ,ate: J~L 1 9 2013
i .,.. }
I,
r J
._-----_. - .. ,~ -~---------
:
8
2
"'i" C .-E -..
! 'YNEJIS 1VIJ.INI .:10 J.N3:lW 3d NI 1YN91S -°s/S
i L
l Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 l>ate: JUl 1 9 2013
I·, :I: 1 ~ (,.) , '
a:: \ ~ en I z I a::
0 u a:: ~ (I) Z ::l 0::
Z 0 -~ 0:: ... Z LaJ U Z 0
" -.a -• . ." . C!) -La.
....
I ! .
I 1.
\
----------- -'~ - .. - - ~. ~ - .. -------.'-~.- -- .
(\I + - o
• .... '1
, !,' 1..
~; I a-! i I ~ .' ~le.'. ! l': Ii. 'r -, ~-I .. ~ ......... · -.-.! . 'J . . "tY-.~ .. ,I, .. + .. j-- :
'. -Q-t00+"T :tf·: j •i1" ~ gO:, . , .. 'i' . !"'" .. ~ ;.:- \ .. :il·:· ~- . c ~.; ~- L._ \_ .. -to ...:: .. }.... " ,: ; i 1-......··,·; , ,I ',··tT
I i ! . \
-j'
j, ,
N
. : :. -~ ...
., , ,
... ..
N
-c .-e -....
a::
~ en Q Ul ~
~ d-
a:: ~ en z :::l ~
z Q
~ f% t-Z \IJ U Z 0 CJ
"... ,g~ -"l If) . C!) Ii:
1\fNOIS 1"IJ.lNI ~o .lN3~~3d Nt 1VNgiS 'oS/S
3·l! Page determined to be UnclassIfied Reviewed ChIef, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
LJate: JUt. 1 9 3JI
: \ .. .. 1 I , I
1.
-- -----.-- --_. ------------ --------
o
i ! I I !.
.t
.i
1VNtliS 'YI.lINI ~O .lN3:lY3d
t • r' , ,.
\ ''';'' r .... :
:. t·,.
. I
. 1 '.'"
; . ·'i·· ··i-: ..
~ , -.
·r···-~. j: : ..
.. -- I ~. r: . I ! ~.
-c: e -..
NI '''NDIS 1
°818 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 LJato: JUl 1 9 D
lIIf! .J -2 0 LaJ It: LLI Q • 0 a. a: fZ U) z :,) a: z 0 -~ 0: f-Z LLI U Z 0 U
-.a -U) . If)
ci -~
: =
~
i --
n I'
r I
N I z -ct:
C x u (J <t fI)
0:: 0 ..... UJ z e - z G e g - ~ ... 0:: ... Z
~ 0 (,,) -.D -,... ~
s2 I&.
~ 1VN91S 1WI.LINI .:10 J.N'301:13d NI 1VN91S °SIS .;
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
uate: JUL' 9 2Ol3
: ... ..
01' d(1n C) " -xc al (J.6)
whe". C il the cOAcIlJtratwn (partie I .. per unlt volume). A tllft-folcl1~
Cf.a.1I in the COIlClllltratiOft cau.e, II teA-told tncrlla .. til the 10larUluDlc
derivative of the CODcot1tl'atlon. Now admittedly the .catteud lipt II not a
dhect mea.un of conclntntionl however. Figure. 3.3(&) thl'OUP 3. 'lea' cIo
not YOwauythiDI liven r.mot.ly approachln. a ten-fold lncr •••• in .lope.
lJ1 contra.' Lo eoaplattoa. the rate ot aettllna of partiel .. Oil tnterft&l
chamber .",dac •• 1. loverned by II li:r.t order reaction:·
dC -at • -kC 01' d(me1 = ·k 13. 'l)
Thi. lOI&rtthmtc derivatiye il independent of concentration. In vWw of
Flaun. 3.] throup 3. T. it .ppII.ra that aetmnl mu.' !n outWllip coaJUlatlon a. II m.cbul.= for the removal of particle. from an -..'l'nsol. Thl.
conclu.ton 1.1 "lItn!orcllc1 by the tipr •• o! lefiel l'btl which {!uticat. that 1n
,enera! the decay i. 11Omr.g1omen.tl.,. after the flut minute of •• 1'0.01 lUe.
Statement (2) on pall 3.lZ lmpli ••• evllnl thiqe about the dlaperaiD'
proe.... Evidently thie proce •• becomell 1 .... Ulclent with hu: .. ea.lnl
.mCNs. of pori.... But .inc. the powder r •• ldue in the lIl.per .... 40 ..
not e"cee4 about 1 ml 'except po .. lbly til the C,,11 of talc), the ell.c.e.
paney mu.t be looked. for after the powder leave. the dllpeulna unit. A
vl.ua1 .xandaattoD of tha cti.PII'.inl proce .. yielcil a po .. tble esp1uaeiora: The jet bom the eli.per.er appear. to carry for abou, two-tbtrcil the heliln
of the chamber befor. eruptlnl illlo tur'bul.lIC!e. Tllere i. then .. lap •• of ..
fe" .econd. before thll cloud l. furhter cU..paued by the faD. Dul'inl m •••
• Wlta. •• the aprulion d(Jn C)/d.t .. - vtd)/H 'UU .. teel prevloulylZ {or .. monoclbper ••• ero.o1.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW eo 13526, Section 3.5 Uate: JUL 1 9 20D
_. -- ._------------------------
few •• e .... tba cleN4 voluml 18 ~ppl'aim&lely one eubic Loot, O~ about
olle .tbl~ti.da of tile volume 0' the chamber. 'lbe cOllcenh'atlol1 1.1 th ... fol'e
a factOt a1 30 higher at thi.. poillt tbaa it 1. aft.~ dbperel.oft 1. compl.... aad
the _a1omeutioAute XC2 may be .. mu.en 101 1000 tim" Idlher. nel'l may thu, be c:ollildel'able alllomel'&tloD in th1. intermediate .tate of the
dilperalon. Tbll .tatem.nt 11 well .lIpperteli by the £lgure. 01 .ute. ''btl.
In th •• e f1SUl'e. the mo.t .trlk1ac featun 18 the ,hUt of the 1:11"" tow.rcl lars, .. median dlam,"rl wlth lnere,.tlll ~ouD&8 01 porill' cltlper.,\!.
The behAv10r noted above can be cOlt.lciered a { .. Utili of the cltlpenl.nl
.yetem, .lnce itl functloa t. to nll thl C~Q'I' with ufo.ol without fatali
tie.. Thb I:l'itid8ftl of the .wlrl eli.apnlll' iI, in .ffect. the .ame .. a that
advanced alainlt the buutinl diaphra,m eli.pener.
Th, n~tu&tlou ncorder wal uleel eluZ'tnl the concentration run., with
abOQt 81pt traell bein, m&ele for each run. Value. of r ,.1'0101 were obtalnecl
for each trace by the proced\&N .. acrlbecllD SecUon 3.1.2. Th ... clat& wesoe
IU2'thel' l'educ:ed in a mannn 1U11 •• tld by the two apr •• aion.
and
S • lOR me;
1 ~ a== iii 0"
-,: 1 • 11
"0 :;z
(3.8)
(3.91
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROO, WHS lAW EO 13626, Section 3.5 tJ.lt: JUL 1 9 2013
Maklnl ule o! the inequality
(where the equal 811n holdl only 101' monocll..paue "'1'01011). '1M itnd
z - .. S m • ::%
F
(1.10)
Accol'c!inilY. the nUol S'l./F"/. aAd J'~/I&Q S wen p10twcl on 101-101 paper.
Unfortunately, the data point8 10 obtained were of very poor quality, the
leattll' beil1l 10 Irlat that it wal clltfleult even Jo pick out trend.. To main·
taln a complete recol'd. bow.ver, WI pre.ent the trend. in Fil'lre. 3.8 ancl
3.9.
The curve' of Figure 3.8, whieb ate lower limite on the number iii 01
partlc:l .. in the 7 •• cm3 scattedDI volume !!IV, are all in the nellhbo,,"hood
of 10'. The a&\;cJlArln eUrvu are characterilticaUy hilhlr (_a:r 10",. wher ... corn.tarch ia ch&ractel'i.ticaUy lower. It i. to be klpt in mind that
the valu.s of rtpr. 3.8 are to'be multiplied by ;Z, aZ, whick may bl ~. lar,1 .. 100 or mOI'l for suffiCiently pDlydbplral aerolola, to live the
actuAl valu. ot m. The eUl've. ofFi.,.re 3.9. ill which the ordinates are plotted unit. of 14"1.,
arc an in the nclpborhoocl of h th. inference bere i. chat the a".,.a •• n.b~ 2
scatterinl ero .. -.ectiOll £01' the powdu. u .. d i. L .. I \hall 1 &10. Tbil value
may b. compared with aDA .uppald by the •• pr ••• lon
cl~ o(d) • ii
].zo
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13626, Secrtlon 3.5
Ua18: Jut 1 9 1013
. l
•
In [
r
I f
L 1.
l I 1 I
T
cs
PS
10·
,--.v
,--, 10·
101t
rtI
I
.-'11. IV
ffi rUI
10"
I"
~ ,'1 :':1
n:-
~'
~
[Ir
Eft
mu1
!H#Hm'
[I: [:;j
III
11
Iii
I~ .0
.. ~-+~~~IO"
~t~t1:ilitifflM*t-1 o·
FIG. 3.8 -!: VI TIME F
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROO. WHS lAW EO 13526, S.ctlon 3.6 Uats: JUL 1 9 208
PM
s
II ..
~-- ------ .. -.,._-- ---
cs
PS
10 100 f
1-, FIG. ~.9 Fa ! liAS
L
VI
PM
s
10 100
TIME
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
lJale: JUL 1 9 Z013
r 1157 , 1
j
pl'opoI'cl prevlov.lly for &n id.alised powd.a-r; for .. 5· mi.cron particle _ have
II (5) .. 1-1/4 1&2 • (3.11)
One SUl'p1'illna featuu ot Fllurea ).8 ILnd 3.9 il that F~lIeG S, I'liated _ ~I a -
to a, ia more len.itive to concentration that SF, which I. re1&tl4 to m.
The direct .amplinl eyltem wal put into operation for the coucelltraUotL
nne, one Ample beinl drawn from each aero.01 10 mtllute. after lirina·
The samplee were dl'awn onto Dlick mUlipore filtln, which cowd c;on
vflnielltly be viewed. uncler a micro.cope when il1umi~ted with incident white
Ught. The relolvina power of thi. eyltem ie about 1 micron, 80 that only
~rtlcle. of "diamet.r" larler than 2 mi..aone were rec()ini.r.ed. For com
pari,on, the number of particle. larler than 8 microns wae counted. The
re.ult, are .hown in the accompanyins table; tn mlUly caae. the lample.
wi\hdra.wn were small. aD the et.t.tbtica.1 uncerta.inty may be aa lar,. a. a
factor of 2.
Table 3.1 Collcel1tr&tlOft of Particlea w'th O'!meten of 2 alld 8 MicrOnl !particlel per ,om}
Amount Powdered Powdered Ot.penee! Talc COl'n.tareh Suaar MUk Sa~chlLrift
1 • 59/H 500/94 105/16 3aO/ll
100 mi 310/90 12/3 120/l0 34/5 49/15
LO 1111 1"/8 1611. 6 48/Z U/l. 1 66/t
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lAW EO 13626. s.ction 3.6
Ult.: JUL 1 9 Z01S
3.1.4 ~mmary of Experimental Work
We hav. found that •• 1'0eo1 propeJ'ti., depend. on the method o! diaper
Ilion. It .eem. lml!"ailde therefore to confil1e the ICOpe of the experiment
to properties 01 aerol01l per Ie. the clhperling proce .. muat be conaicl8l'ecl an illtesral part of each run.
Fluc:tuaticm mealurementa proYed unfruitful. The data se.rated too
poor in quality to b, of any .,&lue.
Concentratioll run. have bllft ehown to follow the l:IflWe .. tonl for non.
ASl10merattve decay, provided the dlacrepanci.a introduced by the dlepereln,
proce .. are dlll'.prclecl.
3. Z Theoretical E.Umatu of MllomeratioD
In order to interpret experimental r .. u1t. 011 the effect 01 concentratioa
on aero801 decay. it 11 I1eceleary to have theoretical .. tim.t., of the amount
at &"lomel'atlon whlch can be Ixplcted. Such .etimat .. mu.t be 'ba,eel on
the lorce. operative between partic:1ea and 011 the motion of particle. in the
.. ttlinl cham"'r.
3. ~. 1 Enefax' Con.iauattona
In thi. lection we con.tder v&riOUI interactione of a pail' of neilhbortftl
aerolol partle1... An •• 1'0101 concentratton of 103 particle. per cm3• for
which the aver.,. interparticle di..t&nc. i. O. 1 em, will b. tabn a. typicaL
The Ira .. molioll of a pall' of lleiahborlQf partiel .. L. ~.termtlllcl
lar.ely by air curlrenU, .0 that it t. eOnvanl.nt to Yin, th.ir behavlol' from
a coordinate .y.tem £Slatc! ill the all' packet contaiGiIll the particl... Thia
coordinate .YI'.m will in le~ral undel'lo both tran.tafton and rotatton with
r •• pect te» a etationary frame; the rotational component of it. motion com·
prie .. tM NrbWence of the all'.
Page determined 10 be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
!Jate' JUL 1 9 2013
I·
1"01' the PUl'po" of .tu4yinl a.pomeration. U I.. the rel&U". rather than
the 11'0" mDtta of the particle. that i. important. II the atr motioll t. SN:nly tran.1&tlonal. the r.lative mottoll of the plLrtielea h clearly the .ame
a. It there were D.Q air motioD at all. In tILl. ca •• thl relative motion t. cl.terudned by Browt.n motion alKl by the luth'. Il'avitattoa.. If 011 the other
band tbe air motion 11 purely I'otational. the particle. eJtperlence an apparent
11'avttation&1 fie1el tbat depend. 011 the an.,w.." velocity "ncl raellu. 01 the all'
motion. * 1t th\u appeal'l that. with Tesard to the relative motion of nei,h
boring p&%&1clel, the efiect of turbulence I.. to introduce a variable "ll'avUation COl1atalltl1 • wbleb. mult be evaluated. at each instant of tim. (for a BiVin
air packet). The main featurl' of .,.lotnel'atim may therefore be ... 0 by a
cOIl.tdel'ation of tbe tranquil air ca.e.
Accordina to Stoke.' law. IL partide s.u1il11 in ail' uncleI' the iftfluellCe of
.. Iravitatiol1al fi.ld i bat the v.locity
where:
I' II particle raell".
Q .. particl. matlr1al clen,tty
14 .. vi.co.tty of ail'
and the relative vllocity ot neSlhbol'inl partidu ts
"If the radiu. of the ah motioll ta larl" compared to the lnterpILrtlc:1e cHatanc., natlhbol'ina particl •• experieru:: ••••• ntialLy lb •• ame ar.lJ&r.nt neld. Only tM. C ... Vlttl be conltclered - that ie. violet turbu ence II ruled out.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO ~3526. Section 3.5 Uate: JUL 1 9 lO1S
~ 1 , j
]
I. I
The kinetic I'lneJ'1Y of relative motion il.
With 1'1 = 1"" 1'2 = )IJ, P = ./em3, 1:0 980 em/.ec, aud I.L .. 1. B3 x 10.4, the
relative velocity iI D. 19 .. m/.ec and. the kinetiC: enerlT of 1'I'l1atlve motion 1.1 Z., x 10 .. 13 erl ••
The par tid .. 1.110 have kinetic enersy by virtl.&e Qf their Brownian motion..
The averase ellergy of Rch motion i. e(tual to the averale eft8rllY of the .&. molecule., which ill
It may be mentioned. 1.110 tbat tb. lawl of mechanlci allow the h'anaf .... nc.
of thil amount of .nergy tn a slllSle colltatoR.
We next con lider lome pouible mutual enerai.1 of a pair of particl •••
The gravitational attraction Ilv .. rhe to the eneray
(3. 11)
where x i. the centerMto-center .ept.ration dilta!lce. Since G ... 6.67 x 10-8
-10 in cil unite anci m is approximl.tely 10 I fal !101 particl •• ,
-4 ) which ta inaigniflcant eYeR with the particles in conta('t Ix = 10 em.
ill Thil clefinition of kinetic en ... " .. ppeau in the c:la .. ical two-body problem in mechanic.. The ruult ie tbat bincUnl i. pouibly only If the mutual en.ray 1e lafler than the relative kinette energy.
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Char,. on. the particle. live. rl .. to an interaction enel'lYJ if each
particle ha. I1nit chat'se. WI have
" " 10 Z • (xl • + ~ = + (4. B x 10 )
- x x 81'11'
The electro.tadc en~:r1V may become appreciable if there are larla numbe:ra
0% unit ch1l'l'le. on each particle.
Ar.Qthllr generally exi.tent force ia that of Van del' Wul. Tht. force
contribute. 16
(3.13)
where ... xiI'. Q ia aaid to be approximately equal to kT - that i •• com
parable tCl tlJe enerill. of Brownian motion.
The three interpartir.le onel'lie. con.idered ... bove are "lonl·r&1\18",
their influence exte1'l.dlnl over •• veral particle diameters. To make the
Burvey complete, we mu.t cOR.ider po •• ible the formatlon 01 chemical or
phy.i.:a.l bond. between mglec\IollI in the .\10 ria, II of the partic:le.. Such
{orcel wo",ld evidently be ahort raDle. extendinl only over & lew mol.cular
diameter. of .eparation of the .urf .. c:e ••
Moleclllar bonda may be eatimated from
1) heat. ()f vaporlzattoll
Z) heat. of reaction
3) heat. 01 .orption
Tab!e. in phylic:al c:hemi.try textbook a provide the followina ranle. of value
tor the •• heaU:
3-Z7
Page determined to be UnclaSsified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Secllon 3.5 LJate. JUl 19 101!
1 :
---- -- ...
1 .1" -12. I 1) 0 to 10 11'1' moleewe
2.) 10·U to 10.11 nl./bond
3) 10. 13 to 10-11 UI./molecule
3. ~. Z An Eetimate of AlilomeratioQ ill the Cue of TranquU Settlinl
I'll thil treatment ot alJl0ftteratioft we .hall neilict long-raDle force,
ane! a.,ume that the ,hort-ranle fore .. are etronl enoup to blud I*I'"cle.
tOlether once they al'e 1n contact. The problem then become. on. of flodlnl
the probability of coUi.lon. between particlee.
Let attention Qe f!.xed on tho.e particlu in an .81'0.01 which have
diametel'l in the ranlle (d l , d l +&d1,. Thll whole cla .. of pal'ttcle. mOVee
vertically downwa.rd witb a velocity v(cl1 ). It iI convenient to view matteu
from .. .,..tem of coordinate' which ie at 1' .. 1. with rupect to theae pal'ticlu;
let z be the vertical coordinate in thl8 ey,t.m. The number of pal'ticl .. of
the cia •• under con.ideration in unit a.rea of the horiaont&1 .lh:. ds I..
(3. 14.
where C(d1• ,. the concentration. Suppo" that a particle of diameter
dZ > ell pa .... throush the .lice doz. A coUidon wiU occl1r if thi. particle
pa.ae. within a di.tance(dz + d/l'i. 01 a particl, in cia;
~ d 1 + dZ f- ... ~'-J.-;
%
that 1.. each particle in cl. effectively block. off an .rea
_(liZ z+ d1\2 "1 c 3. 15)
3 ~ Z8 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
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I! f'
I. I I I.
The pl'o"bllity of a colli.ion is then 'imply the frac,I.QIl of che unit area
effeetiv.l,. bloeJrecl off. nam.ly
(3.16)
Thea. con.llinatioll. may now be exteaded to the eaUre cIa .. of puti
de. elZ' of which there au C(Ii,,' ad;! per unit volume. In our chDaen frame
of coordinate. thee. particle. move venically downward with a v.locity
Therelon. if a cylinder of unU area and heiaht v(clZ' • v(d1, it erected Oil de,
all parttel .. dZ
within thie cylinder pa •• through dll in unit tiDl'. Sille.
there are
(3. 11)
luc:h pamcl.a, the probable number of colll,loll. ift un1.t area of the alice cis
per unit time ia
or
Number per unit area per unit time ..
(3.18)
Number pe'l unit volume per unit tim. •
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]-29 lAW EO 13536\ Siolion 3.5
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Tho "I"U of the above 11M could nOW' b. extended to I"clud, aU particl., II by ."itable tntel!'&tion' OVII' d 1 and da, Thus, the munb81' of: coUialoDs
(per unit volt.1.me &rid time) .uffereG by particle. of dlameter d t.
(c:oUhlon. with panicle. 1&rler than d) + (colliaiolle with particl.a .maller than d) •
J- z C(d) fld I v(d'l - vtd)) «(d' + d) C(dl; & d t
d "
d + Cld) ad 1 t v(d) - vld') J I (d' + d)Z C(d') ad'
o
(3.20)
The ~o*alnumber of colli.ton. would re.ult from &I1other lnt.sution, wher'
car. would havI to be taken to avoid countln, each event twice, AI may be
••• n. howeve",. th. l.pr •• alOllI become rather complicatecl. W. there!o,..
content ollr •• l"e. with All •• tlmaCO ba •• d on the limpler EquatioD. (3. 19).
Suppa •• that an aeroaol t, compo •• d of particle. of twa cia •••• , wlth
diametel'l a and 5 micron,.. Let the coneentr.tioD. of each type be 103
pas-ti
el.a per em', th" ••
We then find approximately
The compl.te piCture would o£ caur.e involve the afonmentloned Inte,rale. Bll1, it 1. likely that t1w tntl,ral.. woulll modity the above e.tim.t.
only by A iactor of ol'der uClity, '0 that the .impl ... Equation (J. 19) may be
taken AI chAractarl.tie of thia typtl of &lllomeration proc.... It may 1M
Page determined to be Unclessffied Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
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I Doted lor example that the rate of aglomeration i. propol'Uonal to the pl'oduct
of C(cl1) &ad C(clz" in the complete pictur •• both factoI'I would be proportiOll&!
to C (the concentration without 1",.&1'4 to particle Ii •• ', 10 that the rate of .
.. ,lom.rattoll Ie proponioaal to CZ .a mentioned before.
AccorcRnl to the conaicieratiOGa of Section 3.2:. I, th. lam. eort of
awyaia would hol4 • .nth a .... rlable Il'avitation conltant. lor lhe turbulen.t
c..... Tbe queltion of importance here. ho_v.r. can be mar. euc:ctnctly
atatecla..: "How mv.dI doel tu.rbulence incr •••• relative modon 01 particl •• ?"
Tbte queation wm b. left open tor the prelut.
3. 2. 3 Coaetioll. Due to Brownian Motion
A certain DIlmber of colUltOlle between the particl •• o! all aerol01 UIl
c1g\lbteclly artse becau .. of the Brownlall motioll of the particles. U it 11
... umed that the ahort-n,nae force. between pal'ttcle. are ItrOllg .110. to
bln4 them tOlether III the !ace of the Ian.e Brownlan bombardment, then
thele COUl1io1l1 Z' .. uli ill ... lomeratlon. 1'01' aeroloh of particlel ill tIae
S-micrOD ;raD.e, it ie to b. exp.cted that col11l1ou due to BrOWnian motion
woulcl be Ie", comparec1 t.o CloUi,lon, du. to Invitational leUllnl' for di.
placotnente due to the former are aman when compareel with tho •• due to
the lattn', (Thil .tatemellt il to be amended for the ca., 01. a monodf.apel'l,
auo.ol, -.hu. tbere 1. no re1aUve particle motion. due to leWlnt; {oZ' the
lak. of \hi. CA" llpeel.11y, lOme c:ommentl Oil Brownial1 coapatlo" win
be illclu4ed. ,
Th. th.olT of coapl&tlOD. clue to Brownian motion wae worked oat by
Smolucbowaki. 17 This article tr.atl coaplau'on In a colloid&! napenlion.
but Olle fin_ that lbe ccmdltlonl ... umecl are very limt1&r to tho •• takeD iD
S.ction 3.2, Z - that I •• omy ahort-ra1lle lotee. au important.
Smolllcbowaki'. treatm.at 01. the problem i. vII'y c;ompl.tte: etart!1lI
with a mOlloc11'p,rae colloldal .upeD.ion, he find. and. lolve. cllUeZ'ent1&l
,qutlon. for the quaRtitl'l "I' \I t' "" , . . . , ""'.n II I. i. the CODCIlltratioa
3-U Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Sec1iQll3.9
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.,
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of aallomnat.a conalatin, of 1 particle.. In the proce •• an eJqIrel.tOl1 for
t IIi (total number of particl .. per uait volume) t. lenerateel. The diUezoeadal
.q,uation i.
(3.21 )
wh.r. D i. the "diff\l.ion eonltant" anc1 R the "l'&dlu. of action" of the p&l'U·
ele. D iI 1.nvel' •• ly proportional to the particle rac1iu •• and it i ..... um.el
prDportional to the .. me (wlth proportionality COflltant of order unity), 10
that the expr .. alon l. tndepen-dent of p&rticle et... For this rea,on, the 18
expre •• lon may be extended with confidence to polyc1isp.r •• aerolola.
Note that the differential equatlO1l il &,ain one of a lecond order reaction.
Smoluc:howlki'. value· £01' D 1.
ao that
itT o = tillll1'
(3.~a)
with (til)" 103 pel' cm', z/3 kT- Z x 10-14 erie. 11- 1. 8 x 10.4
pob., we
find
d( ~ " ) 1 0-' -3 -1 --ar- ... em .ec
Ij More 1'8cent valu .. clitlel' by a factor of Z.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROO, WHS lAW EO 13526. S,otion 3.5
UI": JUt 1 9 m
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! Li I I
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The a'au" eouic1el'Atlon. of Section. 3. i. 1 In.eile.t.a that paI'ticle chal'l.
cou1cl become 1&1:le l110Ulh to overcome 'ki.netic .n.orli •• a114 thorofewo affect
au1omoration. Further InfarmaUot'l 1. pr .. on.ted in. tbil .actloa.
A treatment eimUar to th&t eet down in. Section. 3. Z. Z. with the elabora
tion that parUcle. may b. cleaoetod from vertical motion by intnp&l'ticJ.. 19
fore .. clue to .10et1'lc ch&r,11 i.e prl.ont.d in the literature. The cOllclu-
,ioll te that a pudcl_ of char.o q doe. uot a1flet "lllomeutioD if the cenult
tion
il ladlned. HoI'. Clo i, the avense particle charlie of one aian in e1ec:troo
Ut'litl. C 11 coneeDtzoatian, aDlll' ie the radiu. in mi~rOft ••
In related experimentAl work. ZO KnMel hal mealNucl particl. curs_
by a Millikan aU drop type of experiment. It wa. found that the av.ra ••
chars. 011 a S-m1cron pullel. 1, apprOXimately 100 electron unit.; but there
were a lara. number of partiel., of either 1m\Ch hiahor or much 1owal'
char... Thi. fllura wal found to charactni ••• ero.oll withaut raprd foS'
the type of powder Ol' for the m.thod of thlir clispeuioft.
Kunkel'. cODclu.lon ia that for partie"', 0' 5-micl'oa ,i •• , ebarse pla.y.
" no role in .,.lomel'&Uon until the concentra.t\oll !'Iach •• 10 •
3. 2. • .5 9u.mmary of Alilomel'&tioll E'tlma.te.
In S.ction 3. i. 1. we indicated that &11 interparticle force. of an.,. COQ
•• quence were of 11\ort 1'&111" with the pO .. 1ble exception of tho .. foree.
clu. to particle char,.. No interparticle fore .. are therefore capable of
brinahaa particle. losathe,,; ancl coUl,ionl are left to Chance. 'l'be .. timate
3 - 33 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
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1.
-·--r-of SectiCHI 3. 2 ... eay. that particle ebar._ doe. not influence ... lomeratiOD
tor concelltradena 1 ... tbu 10". Tbe ,bort-raD.e intel'p&rllcle los-cu. hO ..... ver. are probably .""iclant to bind partide. lllto ,table a"lomerat ...
particularly it chemical bond. form between lurface molecule.. The
criterioR lor .tabUtty. from Sectio. 3.~. 1. i. that the btndinl ene1'l1 be
larse compared with the kiaetic enerliea.
Auuminl .. 5-micl'0l1 count me41an diameter. the Il1lmbeZ' DC particle'
per I of powder i •• at mo.t. 2 x 1010• If 1 ,01 powder I.. df.peued into a
1 m3 chamber, the concelltratlon II there tore 2 x 10' pel' cml or 1 ....
S.ction 3.2.2 p ..... "" an. e.timate of the number 01 co11,-1oo., pel' unit
volume and time due to th. ulaUve particle moilOl\ of .. ttUIlI. Section
3. 2. 3 deal, with coUi.fou due to Brownian motion. With an allumed eon
centration of 103, the fOl-mer .,cdoll e.timatea that 10-2 particle. are in
VOlved in collt,loni per cm' per .. cond. whUe the latter on. yield. a til'ln
of 10-". The lo,&r!thmic &:t.rivaU"., of the Concelltl"atl.oll are therefore 10.5
<d 10-7 per l.caM. re.pectlv.ly,
A look at i'ipru 3.2 throup 3.7 yield. value. for Chll lQlarithmlc::
derlvatl.". ot the liabt •• eaU.riol 11,oal. III Figure 3. Z (for talc) it i. foucul
that the lilM .1,n&1 decrea ... about 3 percent per &.Ilnute late In the life of
an .er080l; lI.rIJI .... lllpe, And .lop •• of other cur"e. Are biJher. The cor
re.paRdinl VAlue of the loJ&ri&hmic d.rivative il
5" 10'" per •• ~ •
The re1&timt INtw.en the 10.arithmLc duivatlv .. 01 .cattered liJht alUl
of cone'ntraU'l1!. may b .... n from
S .. 1&0 iii-;
.. I&Q cV-
3-34 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 lJatQ:
~1UL 1 9 20lS
.,
1
L I: )'
I.
L
- ----------~,. -------_ .. -------- --
There reaut'l
(3. Z3)
For punly &fJ.lo1nerative aer0801 decay. the two terma on the ~ilht would.
have oppoaUe ailnl. Simple ,eomeuteal ~011ltder&tion. however •• hows
that
.0 that
Since obaerved ratel of decrea.e for tbe lllht Icatterll'l' a.re orderl of ma.l
nitucle hilher than eltilnated aillomeration rate., it seema that aillomera
tion ia of no con.equallce in the p~.aent experimental apparatul. It ia con
celvu18, however, that the al.lomeration rata could become important in
experiment. where a lar,er cb&mber il used. Thil i. 10 becaule the rat. of
1l0D&lllomerative deca,. dependl Oft chamber Blze.
1. 3 Future Work
Durtnl the .1eve11th qur,er, further work on humidity effecta will be
undertaken. Thb matter baa become tlpec:ially important beeaule reeultl
of the recent ctuarter in lome cal •• contradicted tho lie prevlQualy reporteG. The work with ion conc:entraticm (mention.1i in the lalt quarterl,. report) will
set underway.
In the broader view, we hope that charinl tbe next quarter the aeral01
.tudiea may be more Itronaly related to other aspect. aC the pS'olram. Iv.ch a. the di.partibility Ituell... Tht. attltud. i. ion part forced by dle dependelu:.
of 401'0'01 propertle. on dl.llp.r.la.. n'tlthodl. Page determined to be Unclassified
3-35 Reviewed ChIef. ROO. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 uale: ~.J:. I J 2015 1
In ~
fl r l I
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••
•• "'2Mn.
CONTINUATION OJ' EXPElUMDfTS WITH THE J'ULI.-SCALlC FEB • FOR COMPACTED DRY AOENT SIMULANT MATDIALS
lExperlmant, _re coucNcad I1linl powdlred IUlar and "Jet" flour tn the
expel'imental tee del', whlc:h II a prototype of the inner tank IUI.mbly for the
fblt-,IMratiOI1 dry a •• "t di ... miutI.Qlltore. Ope1'l.uon of the I1nit with
c;:ompactec1l1llatl'on Vapor talc w ... c::ontinued with lome runa beb~1 made at a
feedina ute of 91 lb!min. St.tlafactory performance of the full-.eal. exputmental feeder haa now been demoQltrated over a ra .... uf feed rate a from 20
to 91 Ib/min aDd .. ran,. of powder den.m.,. from 0.2.5 to 0.6' a/ro:m'.
4. 1 Powdered SlaI&I' and "Jet" FlOllr Te'tl
All of the expe1'lmental feeding experiment. pl'eviou.ly reportecl for the
full-.eale fe,der were eond.llcteci with Mi..tron Vapor talc. In order to
clemonltrat. performance 01 the feeder when flUed with other compacted dry
powd..... the unit W&I operated with powdered lugar and with Oeneral M.iU ••
Inc. "Jlt" Hour. Powdel'ed IUlar wal eeleetfld primarily b.ea" •• of me dillerence bet.,.,.en the amount 01 void .pace 1a compacted IUlar and that in
talc:. Powdered IUI.r at a deftstty of 0.69 I/em3 h"l approximatel,. 51 p.~cent VOid, .pace; whue .. Nt.troll Vapor talc at a den.ity ot 0.55 a/em' haa
about 80 percent void lpa.ce. Bleau.e of the .maUer amount of atl' occ:upv
lnl the reduced void apace 1n the powdered IUlar, thil matel'\.al could po .. l
bly fccclle .. r.&4Uy than talc.
"Jet" four wal selected because the amount of void space in thte nOllr
,_hln \t i. compacted) "11"" well with that in ~ compacted by the .ame
lorce. Tile avera,1 bulk dlD.tty of the flour il a.pproximately 15 percent
Ireater than that of !!!l under the aame compaction lorce.
The feeder wa. ob •• rved to function very wen with both the powcWud
aupr and the flour. Driv\ll.l torqu •• wel'l low. anclps-now rate. limU.r
to tho.e for talc could Do \lIed. Flow-raw c;urve. (op the teet" a.r. pre-
.ented in rtpS'e •• 1. DECLASSIFieD IN FULL
4-1
.""sa"a:
Authority: EO 13526 ChlCf, Recordl & OecIasa Dlv, WHS Ott.: JUL 1 9 2013
=
rn C !l0 Z :) 0 Q.
I 40 0 LIJ
" 0: <t 50 :r= 0 en -Q a:: 20 LIJ a • 0 10 0..
;
FIG. 4.1 SECOND
FL.OUR AND POWDER FLOW RATE CURVES FOR EXPERIMENTAL UNIT FEEDING POWDERED SUGAR
4 .. a _C."Ut!
DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief, Records & Declass Div, WHS Date:
JUL 19 2013
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For thele.Gin; telta ulina pOwUzoecl a"lal', the unit wal pal'tialLy loaded with .tllal' at .. Ii.,ulty of 0.69 a/em3. On tile fir.t I'UIl.the drtvlal
apeed wa. 18.5 l'pm and the lal (r.itzoolen) flow rate w •••••• td cfm. A
powder fiow ra.te of 31. Z 11»1 min wu mea."ul!. Theee fiow rUe. l'u"lted
in a aal -to -powder weight ratio of O. 0087.
On the BI!ICOIld run the .pe.d was approximately 35 rpm, &nd the II.I flow
WI.. illerealed to 7. 5 ltd dm. The feeder functioned. aatilf .. ctorUy: but
&cc\U"ate flow- rata data were not obtained due to difficultiel with the mea
,urinl equipment. The flow rate a. calculated from the apeed of 35 rpm aDel
the danlity of 0.69 a/em3 i. 74.9 lb/mln.
1'01' the te.t us1nl .ret flour at & den.tty of 0.60 I/em3, the lal-flow
rate waa 1.9 atd cirri. A powder flow rate of 65.0 lb/mln wal mea.ured.
The I .. a-to~powdl!t weight ratio determined with the.e flow rate. i. 0.009.
4.2 Fe. clint Talc at 90 lb/min
In feedlnl experiments l'eported ilS previous progre •• reporta,;n
Ml.atron Vapor talc haa been cH.charled at fiow rates r6.nlins born ZO to 53
Ibfmin with fUltnl densities ran,in, from uncompacted talc at O. as siemS to compacted talc at 0.65 l/cmS. Hlper now rates were not obtainable wltll
the exiltina experimental drive .y.tom. At the end of October. 196Z. a
rotary &ctuator for tho firat-aeneratlon dry alent dia.emiD&t11l8 .tore wal .
completed anel u.eel 1n pI&co of the cur.perimental drive eyatem. Thb made it
po •• ible to operate ata maximum d2'ivt!' ,peed of 48 rpm a. compared to 35
rpm with the former Iystem. Corre.pondinlly hilber feed rate. were ob. lain.cl with the rotary aclutor.
In oae of the Be rie. of run. made with compacted talc I.a the .ecolle!
experimental unlt, the unit wal operated at 48 rpm with 13." ltd elm of a1:l'
fiowlnl. 'the feeder liischarsee! 42. !I Ib of talc: in ZS sec for aa avel'",_
powdIDr feed rate of 91 lb/min. The la.-to-powder weipt ratLo c:alClllated
frum the.e now rate. is 0.0113.
4.3
".UflSLCU,a DECLASSIFIED IN FUll Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & 0ecIass Div, WHS
Date: JUL 1 9 2)13
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The den.ity of the compacted talc ta. the fe.der to thl. cae, waa O. 6
./ern3, (It IhCNlcl be .xplalnecl that the flret-lenel'aCioll dry .. ea.t di8.emiCl
ator doe. Ilot haye the aame pi.ton clriy, .crew &I the experimental £ •• der
arul that ,0"'1' feed nt .. at idlQUcal drivin. lpeeu foot the two \&bU. do not
therefore correapolld. The prototype disseminator ba.. a Icrew with .. ven
thnad. per inch. wbar .... the .xp.rimental feeder haa a Ict'ew with !tve
threada pel' inch. Conaequel\tly, wheo the di. ... rninator ia operated. &l the
top lpeed of "8 rpm with 0,6 I/em'!J dlc,tty eill. it. ell,charll rata i. approlCi
matel, 65 Ib/mtD inltead of 91th/min.)
.-4 .. ,Sltas:.
DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 etlle!. Records & Declass Div. WHS
Date: JUL 19 2013
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!S. FILLING THlI: DRY AOJCNT DISSEMINATINQ STOIU!: (E-fl SPBAYTANK)
Effort wa. continued all the ilwe.ti.ation of teehnique. for liU11ll the
E ·41 .pray tank with compacted. particulate material. ExPeriment. were con
ducted ulin. foamed pl&1tlc to ellcap,ulale compacted talc into packa ... 16.5
i.nchu til dlameter and I) lilch .. hip. For lahoratory and field te.ta. the
ell •• emill&tor baa beeD fllled with compacted talc by mean.. of the i~eci&l
loadiDi device cieecr!.hed ill the Ninth Quarterly Prolre .. Report.
5.1 EllCap.ulation U.in, Foamed Pia.tic
l'he iDv.'tllatlOll of method. to encaplulate dry particulate material.
prevlou.ly reported in the Ninth Quarterly Prol1'e" Report (QWI Beport
No. 2,344) wa. continued durin. thl prllent reporting period. Of. th. three
methods Fopo.eel in the previou. report the foa.med-inwpl&c:e pla.tic pack
a,inc appeared to .how mOlt promi.e. and we thersfore concentrated effort
OIl thi. method.
AlthOllp many condItion. ar. l.mpo.ed on the encap.ulatlD, material.
the primary ou, u, Itnnith anc1 frl.abUlty. The packase m".t b •• tro"'l
enOll.h to wlth..t&nd llol'mal handlIn. and yet mu.t remain l"ftleleDU., friable
to be .haved by the blades of the dballrellator in the di ... minator in parti
ele. amall enoup to p ... throup the dilcbar,e orlile •.
Tbe Ch.mical Activity of o.n.r&1 MiU.· Central R .... rch Laboratory
hae r.commend.d a type of foamed-in.plac. pla.tfc which has prop.rUe.
that approach the above-m.llt1.oud ... quiram.ntl. Thr basic m&terial UI.el
1. a rilid poly.t:h.r-ba •• d polyur.tharse loam. The chemieal compound.
have die trade name of PleGl_1l .nd ar8 manufactured by the Mol-ReB DlYl
don of Am.rtcaD Petrochemical Corp. The Chemical Activity formulatecl the foUowtq comhill&tioll ol Plea,eft c:ompo~ncl. tn mak. up the ur.thane
foam: Fll'lt combiDe 1000. of PleOt.n 4052 with 72 • of diaUUeelwa' ... and
then add thi. combination to Plea.en 4020B in .. ratIo o{ 13. I of A (Pleolen
4052 an. water I to 280 I of B (Plea,." .02.0B).
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Uate:
JUL 19 •
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Urethane foaml an b.llcally • reaction. prod,llct between a hychoxyl-ricb
m&terlal (Pl.llien 4052 1. a. polyether ruin' aftd poly!locyt'late (Pleo,en
40~OB i ... prepolymer eOlltainilll toluene Gii.o~Y&!l.ate.. The foaminl .. ~t1di:l.
OCC\Jl'l wheu car))on dioxlde IU il lorDled by tbe chemica.1 a.ct101l 01 the
water with the tolu~r,e diilocyan&te. The re.ction time. wbic:h to It. c:"rtain
dear.e determine. the ItrenatJ1 of the materi;a.l. may b" decreaaed with the
adelition of I. catalYlt luch al N -ethylmotpholine. The ... taly.l tend. to in
creaae the liberation of cat-bon dioxide ,1.1. Th. proce .. il exothermic a.nd thl he.t promotel bondtns of individual ceUs. which at'. f(lrmld from the
resiA material.
General combinationl 01 the Pl,o,en (;ompollndl were in" •• tl.Ued prior
to al'rivin. at the formula prevloully outlined. During the {ny •• ti.ationa we
elilcovered tlw.t Imlln ch&I1, •• in the chemical campoIH1clnl of thl urethane
loam did not aflect the char.cteriltic I ot the final roam al much al did tA8
chanle. in the inttial t.mp'J'.~t'e o! the moldl and ch" temperatnre main
&ained during the alin. proce8.. Previou8 experience with fOUDed-i.n-place
urethane foam. ir.clicated that In order to obtain a high stl'enlJth, rigid. eon~
triable material. it wal nec •• eary to pl'eheat the mold. prio7 to pourin, the
foam ma.terial an.cI to maintain a hilh temperature duric, the AlinS pro(:ell.
Normally. the heat of uaction produce. a .ufficiel).tly bigb temperature.
Th. mo.t. .lIcce .. ful approach to obtain a itia))le, low~.tl'8ntth material for
our applicat.ioQ has been to pour with tlw molds at J'1;,~'m temperat1&re, and to
COQl the fO&m a. quickly al poe.ibl" by removitlJ the caetina al loan aa the
foaming i. comp14lted. Another _y of minimilllllj t:l:.., )Ie.t utantio"l in the
material iI to red\..c. the wall-thlcltne .. of the ,hen. Hc:wever, it ia neccl
I&ry to retain .uHicient thtckaeaa to preserve the requl1'8G Itrelllth, Several
of the packa,,,. c.onst:ructecl had f!'ia.bl" outer ,,,,rfacee but tt.1,llh inner r.ore
material. Tbe l!3ner ;;Qn problem wae reduced v.m.:o.erably when an
aluminum bar wal used .1 a b.at stnk in the inner meld.
Two typee of \arethane {o.a.m capel.11e. were lllv.ltigated for uae in the
dry alent dt .. ~mll'!.ator, The lirst .. ri .. made t·.eed tlJe foam ahell I.. the
container into Which the powder wae ~ompa'ted, Tbt_ required that the foam
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD, WHS lAW EO 13Sae. S'atlon 3.6 /Jlte: JUl 19 •
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.h.U b. molda" with laueme1y dtick wall. ca".lnl Ixce .. lv. 10 .. of poten
tial powd .. ~pacity.· A maximum clanalty of 0.41 110m3 (wltb.talc) wa. achieve. in fUliDi the l:o"t&ll182'1 teatld. Althoulh the shell wa. 1_1/" to
1-1/2 iru:he. thick. e.t .. me car. ", •• IIIIc .... ry wh.n handlina the con
tainera 10&clad wUh powder.
:apt ot the., unit, "',re lucce .. £ul.ly di,_stld by the experimental dl ••
•• miutoJ'. However. It waa _cea.ary to inc:orporate a acreen at the on
nanee to the eIi.cural noaale to prevent larae piecee of loam material from
clolllq the orifice.
The "coDe! lerie. of capeule, incorporated &n aluminum ahell around
the foam matul&! \0 provide a44ed atrength to the containlr wr11ll handlln ••
The ca.pwle. were formed by placint the aluminum .hell around .. cylinder 01
compacted talc powdeJ' and. P01ll'iq the foam oblcUy over tlae powder and.
It\to the 'pace bet .... en the pt.tWCler and the aluminum .heU. Wall thian .....
vat'Jifti from 1/'l. to 'I' inchl. _n tried. 'the clenatty ot the talc wa. approximately O. 55 ,I em '3.
Beeau.e the foam &dbereel to the aluminum. it waa nee .... I'Y to fr •• tb.
sh.ll at the time the caplule wa. placed in the diu.minator. Several of
the •• unit. Were fabricated. and te.ted. The cap.ul •• could be handled with. O\It breaka,l. but dlfftculty wa. en<:ountered 1n In .. rtina the ,"nU. iato the
ell •• eminator. The foam material WIl. too friable &l\d cracked opea. darinl
10&d.iDI.
Thl .ICOnO method of forminl the c;aplull by P0t,trinl the foam materi.1 over & cyllDder of compacted. ay powcler rai ... two queetlone:
1) I. the heat lenerateel duh,. tlw foamilll actlon datrlmell1:al to comPActeel aal. mate:rtall?
a) Are the chemical. aru:l m&tulal. compatible with the .,ent. to b. l&Ie4?
A prclimta.azy lDvlettaation of the temperature ~Qe.tioa w •• conductecl uetra, & CompLeted Ilul of talc to dllnmine the temperatura 1'1.1 in the bed durhlJ
foamin, actlon. A copper coutantiml thermocDUple wa. placed ill the powelel'
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef. ROD. WHS lAW EO 1aS2G, Slg'ion 3.5 Uate: JUL 1 9 D i
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bId apprOldma.&ely O. 25 IDeh •• !Yom tU _ql of the foam matI rial. A total
tempet'atul'8 1'1 •• 01 10·-" .... ob.ervld dDl'inI the eatire foam1na opuatlOll.
Tht. ri •• til temperature doe. not appear to be ."c •• slve. Howev,r. the
heat tl'&ufer coemct.ent. of talc 10M a,lat material. may differ, and the
expeJlimRt Ihoulcl lith.1' be rep •• teel with a.ctual a,entl or coefficients
.houlcl be obt&lllec! for the ...... at ••
The pack.,ln. inT •• tt.atUm. have Dot yet ~oclucec1 a 1N1t&ble 'OlutioD to
the problem. The urethane foam ahowl the malt promi., of the metho9
wadel' etudy. but •• vera! problem. nmaln unlolTed. 11 .. ,DOd .IU:&I!l\IlaUnl
technique II d.velopecl. it wiU be nee.llary to invelU,ate compatibUlty 01
packaliaa matlrial. and aSlnt ••
5. Z Laa4.r for FUllnl with Compacted Powde"
The Ninth Quart.rly Pr0arel. :aeportZZ de.cr!.bel «he loadilll fixture
which hal bl.n fabricateel for UI. in fl11ins the prototype E-'U 4l,'emlnator
with compactecl pOlllclan. Tbil unit hal been Ule4 luc:ce .. tully in leveral
lillin, opel'ationl in which talc _. u •• d a. the limu1allt matel'ial. It i.
planned that this device will alao be \llId when mllftl the diallmlnator with
!!J. for the Du.way te.t ••
A. part of the pr.pa~.tion. £01' the t •• c. at the Naval All' Te.t Cantu, ext1'. lnn.er tubea wue labrlcat.4 £01' u.e with the loalier. Two 01 th •••
tube. Wel'8 filled with Qompacted talc: and .hipped to the ·tllt C.12.r ia thl
event tbat it hecame _c •••• ry to refill till dbl.minator i12 the fi.ld. B.
ea" •• 01 the .~c:c ... tul performance of the clluemlna.tor. the initial Allina
.uRic". &lI.d the .par •• wel'e r.tarDed "n~.ed.
5-4 Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Uate: JUL 1 9 201!
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....... 6. ASlDUlLT ANI) TaT OJ' THE PllOTOTTPJ: DAY AGJ:NT DlMDCl
MATING STOU rS:··61 lPaA'!" TANK)
OI&rl"'l ~ pa.t thre.-month pel'lodli,nifica"t work w •• accompllehec!
OD the clevelopment 01 the clZ'y a,8nt dl ... mlutlq .tore. which baa·b •• a
dee!Jft&ted the E.~l Spl'&y Taalt. The pl'ototype waa .aaemblecl and .ub
jected to laboratorr and fSe1cl t .. tint. structural and Nactional te.tl w.re
conducted ill. $e laboratory at Oenel'&! NUh. !nc:o and at Fletcher Aviation
Company. Stat1.c fWlcdol1al t .. e. and tli.ht t .. t. ~re conducted at the Naval
Air Te.t Center, Patllxeftt lUvel'. Maryland. The eli •• emiaator pa.aeel all of
th ... tatt. with • hiah dellr •• of .ucc ....
6.1 :FabrlcadoD anel Allembly
The tint-aeaeration prototype dry a,ent di .. eminatiftl atore was
a .. ambled in the nev.lopment I:nllaeerlnl Shop at Plant 5 of thII a.neral MW,' El.ctronln Divi.ion. Wh.rever po .. ible. a. component. and .ub· .... UlbU •• WII'. £a.brlcated and .... mbled in the ahop or received from wt.ide velulol'" they were In.pected and to.ted lor conformance with drawin._ aad specification. before beina incorporated in the prototype unit. A fe.
enlinl.riD, .pacification. are appended to thi. report a.. example. ot onli
needna procednre l'e1&~d to labrlcatlon ot thll unit.
The fabrlc:aUon and .. llembly of the prototype have dOlely followed the .
bali.e d •• tall clelcribed in pnviou. Fo,r ... reporla. Z3 and no iul'th.1' a.· C" .. IOD of 4e.lp cletalb wUl b. provided her ••
All the d.llan and development work proar .... d. the need for c.rtaln
iteme Qf ",.pport equipment bec:ame apparent. O.eiln. f~rt.caUOl1. and
procurement of the.e iteme aleo prOJr .... d durlna the pa.t quarter eo that
they were available whea needed in the ... embly and teet prc:a.ram. Included
111 the caC.,ory 01 eupporC eqUipment are the 1011owln. item.:
6-1
••••• P"! DeCLASSIFIEO IN FULL Authority: eo 13526 Chief, Record$ & Declsss DIY. WHS Date: JUL 1 9 201S 1
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Z) taU cone cart
3) lWeI'
4) auppart fIo.me
5) tnp-pre .. ure nitro,eIl c:ylindere
6) electrical te.t fbtv,re.
7) fllJht recorder
The no •• cone Ioftd tail cone carta &1'8 UI.d to facilitate .... mbly of the
.nd COlI •• to tM centel' •• ction of the atore. They a1eo lerve •• cradlee to
hold. the end cOIle. when ~ &l'e heinl worked on. apart trom the centn .ection.. J:a«:h ca.rt 1. made .0 tba.t the nOI. cone C.D be rotated "bOlSt i&lloali
tudic.a1 axi. tv el'llala 01' ell.anaa .. th. bayonet ktchins rin,. by wbich the
cone Ioftd the center •• ctiOft .re joined. A commerci&l half-toft loa41iftel' t. UI.d to raie_ the cart &ad ond COIUI to tho elevation of the ullter •• ctioa.
A epeelal IIApport frame wal con-nucted to hold the ltore durin, a".m
bly in the Ihop. Th. attachment lUll in die .tore &l'e Uled to attach it to the
lupport frame.
The lal bottle ill the dt .. emiaator I.e ebarllecl with nUrolen to a pre.
lUre of 3000 Pit. To achieve tbia pro .. ure, the bottle i. flUed by a cucacltAl pl'oeo •• tn wbich the "toppinl'l. or final f1111nl. i. accompliahed ...rt.th
6000 pat nitto,ln cy1indeu. The cyll.nd.en an nat a.vallahle from local
lupplteu of the ltalldard Z400 pli cyllndl1'8. but were orclered from the All'
:a.ldlacttOll Company. Inc.. Lo. Ana_I .. , C&1if~'rnil.
A amall rec:ol'UI' wa. procured for monitoria.l and l''ec:02'cSin. the ope~a
don of the dry ,,'Ilt cH .. eminator riurinl11llht t •• tina_ Thia lnlU'Ument il
a Century lC1ectron1ca uulllllU'Umel1l., Inc., Woclel "09E4. mlniawro lilhi:
b.am olci1101lr&pb with Model 409D9 1'I!t('ordq papal' maaUble. It II a
c:oDJP&Ct. .Jaoc:k·mO\U\teci I&nU ideally l\lit,1i tor mountinl tn all airplau.
6-Z
•• " USC2IM. .,
ceCLASl!IlFIEO IN FUL.L Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records &. Oeclass DIY. WHS Date: JUl 1 9 20IS
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For the fUJht telt., the olcillo,raph will be powered from the di ... minatft'.
68 vc!c: pown .upp1, aftel wU1 commence l'ecordiftl upon a.ppltcatf.on of powe ..
to the d,ll1emtuwr.
OD.-off type recordin. l. achieved by actuatlu, the appropriate recorder lalvall.ometel' throup the relay ... oclated with the condition in qu .. Uon.
Followin, II & tablllatlon 01 the ei,ht conditione monitored. to.ether with
thetr u.ociateell'llays:
Condition
3-pba •• a-c: \l.n~rvolta.e nUl'oaen supply beatere Oil.
cyUneler pre .. ur8 above 2 p.t
line pre .. ure above 20 pli
ultro"n flow pre,.ure below Z8 pel
elilcharlle valve fuUy clo .. d
pilton exteuud to liml.&
aqulba fired
~
undervolta.se deter;tor relay
heater relay
cylinder prellul'e relay
line prle.ure I'.lay
gal now relay
cli.r;har,e valve .witch
actuator extend limit rel.y
a.l'm relay
In acl.dlUon to the above event •• the dl ... mlnator '• Z8 vdc circuit i.
monitored Bnd. rlcorclld itl analog form.
I).tailed analyle' of the.e conditlone and of the sequenc. 01. variOU.
event. durin. a. lonl a. one :hour of eIi .. emift8.tor nlpt ope.ation a.e pollei.
bl. thl'ouah examination of the permanent paper record.
Two electrical te.t boxe ..... ere macle for the pu.rpo •• ol.implUytll, pl"
f11iht check-GIlt proced.ul'Ie. 00 01 theee l. called. the IIQrOWlCl Open.Uftl
Bo,,11 and the other the "Aircraft Checkout Box",
The 11'0I1ud operaUq box it ulld. to operate the E.·41 .pnr tank when a
Iround PO_I" .ourc. ia u.ed ancithe cockpit control panelle IIDt cOl'1"ecwd ~o
the di .. eminator. Tht. t.et bOX~' a "Ground Operatinl Cable" which
6-3
.a.8 '"''' .. DECLASS"IEO IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Oeclass Dlv, WHS
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cOQUet. the box to da. dlll.miaator throu,h a receptacle iu tlut top of the
ftort. The followins .witch •• and bullc&tor lampe &1'1 meNnt.1i on tU box au con •• pOD. with tho.. ill the airplane cockpit;
Switch ..
maeter
arminl
di ... mlnat.
photo lilht
Lam!_
,eurator of!
orifice open.
flow
The aircraft checkout box 1. u •• eI to chec:lt the codtpU control panel and
the aircraft wil'tq ae.oelated wUh the E-4lapraytank. Thla box hal inellea
tor lampe and. .witch .. to .lmulate varioue component. iu the die .. mlnator. It t. caanecte4 to the pylaCl COMector in place of the diu.minatol'. A.
varlcNl ewttchea on the cockpit control panel are operateel. the appropriate
indicatora on the checkout box light up if the .,Item 1.. normal. The indica
tOI' lamp. on. the cockpIt paDel can be made to lilllt up by U8inl the appro
priate awttche. on the checkout box. Thl !ollowina indieatora allCl .witche.
are incol'poratecl in the aircraft checkout box:
,Ifter.col' ludicator
oriftee ope"
now tftclic:&tor
Lamp.
Z8 vdc power
arming
di .. eminate
photo hiM on
photo light OIl-dl .. emlnate
Ill. .cldlUon to the above .witr.he. ",...:1 i'ldicator lampI, ther. are tUlle
pIlehbl.attcne which are " •• d to cheek t1'oe nine channel. of the recorder Il.ed
iD rutht , •• UDI. To check the recorder. a arouncl,l ... eCJ'een t. la •• rleet
in place of the .. ecordinl pap ... mall&lline. and movement of the ltpt-beam i. ob •• rved visually a. thesalv&llometer .hift. when the appropJ'iate lNh01l i.
paehed.
6-" DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526
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Date: JUL 1 9 •
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In orclel" to lQ~re that the d"Y ... m dll.eminatol" l. lmactllrally CllIalifted tor UI ••• aQ ext.rnal ltol'e 011. hlp-pedol'mance ail'crait. a tank
••••. 1II1:I1y. wal nbjlc~d to a 111'1,. 01 atrucwl'al cps<flc:atiOll t:'I~ •. The
It.l'uctu.ral teat .... ombly wa. leIen'leal to the Pl'01otype cU •• emluto:r except
that opel'l.tioul eompounte luch •• the ram atr tul'bille lenerator. rotary
actuator. "al" ••• Itc • ..,er •• lImalawG by block. of meW of identical _lpt
ad eentu of 8ravity.
Tb. ,ut. wel'l coruhact •• by the Fletcher Aviation Colllpaay. :&:1 Wonta.
Caltlonla. MI'. A. T. Daman and/or R.. T. Dah1bl"l. "Ipr ••• mativel tram Olnll'al Mill.. Inc:.. witn .... cl aU te.t.. Sll1ce .ome teete required
tbat the \Jlllt be loacled. the two aMI rep".. •• n.tatlv •• a .. ameel Che relponalbUlty 10. liUlll1 Chi .torl. A portable compaction .tand wal .hipped to
Fletcher Aviation Co. for thil purpo... aeneral NiUI. Inc. "J.," flour wa.
u •• el a. the limolant material beeau.e it compact. to a deuity Qf O. 6 I/cm3
with le .. forel than 11 l'equired for talc. the u.uaL .lmulant materiaL
The a.lembly ..,.1 luted ulln. '1.loti&11y the eame procedure ... t.
nOl'ma11y employed tn Ch, quall1lcatiorl lI.tiftl of removable external awdltary
fuel tallk. (01' ats-crait. Tile followi11, "'at. we:re conducted:
1) U&mb~atioll of product
Z) wei.1st
3) center of ."avtty ., pitch ad vibration
5) .tAUe Itl'Ucmral
6) leab,e
7, ejection
Thl t •• t report "QI&allfleatiotl Telt., a.aeraJ. Wilt. Tank A ... mbly. PIN
2,\.150-"803211• included ill AppI"cIlx At d .. crlbe. the telt. and. tluIb 1' •• ,,"1. The ... embly lucc ... fully pa .. ed all of U •• ttuctuul q1l&lUlcation t .. t ••
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AX5£&1. DECLASSIFIED IN trULL Authority: EO 13526
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6. S t.&bol'atol'Y I'UIlCUOaal Tutl
The by alillt 4i .. emtnatina .1Ore Wal operil.te4 ill the laboratory at aeneral Mm.. Inc. to inlve du~t til. walt functioned properly before Ihip
pin, it out 0( til, plant for (\,14 t .. tift" In. a.ddition. a. roup-haadlina teet
wal corulucted with the HCcmci 1!cp.Z'imental unit to inv.IUpte the po .. lbUity
of malfunction la. the powe .. feedin' phal. of operatiOil which might reault
from tranlportatioll.
When the Itou wal complet.ly .... Imbled it wal ttnt gperatecl empty
whUI minor acljulbnente weI" macle. A laboratory powlr lourc. wal u •• cI.
,inel the ram-air JUl'bine ,In'1'&tol' wal not operating. and the Iroumi
oplrating box wal uSld in placl of the cockpit control panel. Th. hlp-
pl'e .. ure nltrolen eaurce was operabLe d.urin, the •• triall.
Then tbe Itore wal loaded with compacted talc and operated at aU five
feed-rate lettinal. Powder flow rat .. wIre determined by wlilhin, the talc
•• i.t wal cUleha1'.ec11nto a collection tank mounted on a platform leal.. The
photograph in Figure 6. I wal taken cll&rlnl one 01 the trial run. and .howl
the powder collection .y.tem. Flow rates determined durlns the.e runs are
tabulated below:
Speed Selector SetUn,
1
Flow Rate, lb/mill
2 3 .. 5
16.7 24.5 33.8 51.6 66.8
The clenaity of tIuI compacted talc al calculated from the data for this
tut te 0.61 a/cm3.
Anochu teat related to the flmctioa.l.1l8 of the di"eminAtol' wa. eOoAucte4
ultna the experimental moclel of the InGer lank a .. embly. Thi. te." was a rouah-liandlini tee' in whtch the expertmental uni.t wal filled wUh compacted
6-6 ...... ,,- DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. ReGOrds ~ Oeclass Dlv. WHS Date: JUL 1 9 • 1
•• UI LDZICEML
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17 I £212 II"
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Z 0
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DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & OecIass Dlv. WHS Date: Jut 1 9 2DI
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talc: .~d trucked over 141 mil .. of I'ough roada. Th. uNt wa. then retuned
to the 1&boniory an4 operat.d in the taat aUnd. The force. encoQater.cl
dul'il1, the I'OUlh riele pl'oclucld IloO nottclable chan •• in performaace of the l1II.it.
'rbi. abUity to With.tand h&lIdlinl and tranaportinl wal later confirmed
"h.D the prototype E-41apraytank wa.trucked to the Naval Air Te.t Cellter,
PatuxeD~ R!ver, i4&l'ylancS. aDel flown. on an A-O ( A4D-Z I abplane. But
"e had fllt it Impcnotant to inve.ti,ate tht, alpect of pedormance befo:re tile
nltht te.t. at Patuxent .0 that any problema di,covered eGulc1 be c:ornctac1
before the prototype UAit len Milm •• polh.
6.4 Flight Te.t. at Naval Air Teat Center, Patuxent River. YU'ylaDcl
On Nov.mber 31. 1961, the prototype E-41lpl'aytankwaafli,ht teated Oil
an A-4S (MD-Z) airplane by lb. Weapon I Syltem Telt Divilion of the Naval
Air Teli C.utu. Pamxen& Rivll', Waryland. The telt. w.re connct.d
und8l' Navy Wep Tau No. RA 1200001/Z011/l"OlZ·U·OZ, Problem A .. l,D
ment No. RMYO-U4-1Sl. An Interim report on the teat I l .. ued by the
Naval Air TI.t Center hal ~8en rep;rodund aud included al Appev.cllx B.
The E-41 wal fint aitac:hed to an Aero 1A ra.ck ln a Bupport It.ructure
for Itatie teat. on the ,round. A ,roune! power louree walt u.ecLanG. the
eU .. eminator wal operated by meanl of the ,round operat1nl box. Mottoa.
picturea ",ere taken by photosraph.ra from Fort Detrick.
The unit W&.t then mounted I.t the centerline .tation of th~ A_4P" and the
cockpit controb lor the di .. eminate%' were u.eel to arm the unit and to f.eet
out a ahort bul'lt 01 powder while the airplane Wat atill on the Il'ouncl.
The airplane ",al then flown thrOup a leriel of manlUVel'l 10 that thl
E""'1 Ipray tank wallllbjected to aerodynamic and flight 10aa.. Th. maximum
ftipt .peeelwa. 0.895 lrulic:ated Mach numb8l' •• Ild the maximuJD accelera
tion impond durtnl mllneuvere wal 6 G. The tale in the 1I0tt waa dh.emlnated t.n a 1 ... 1 •• of twelve di .. emlnat:iOD run. at altitude. from 300 to 3000
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DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief, Records & Declass Dlv. WHS
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t..t a" fUID S80 to 5aO kut. ladlcltld ai,.peed. m •• emlaaUoD "I'loa 01
41 ud 60 •• c" ..... "I... 1'011 .. of tIut.e 1'1UUI at 300.loot altiNde ....
la1p .,. •• "1" Dlacle witlWa 'Ii.w of ob.enert 011 the l~ollD4l at the Weapoa.
Sy.tean Ia&qu. Tb. talo ..... vi.ible IHID the arGlinci &ad appeared a. aD
eve .. -wi_bal rtbMa tnUlal nt behlDd the atrplaae.
When. the akp1&aa rawraect, it W&II examlnec1 vt.u1ly lort cODtamiaati01l..
bIlt no talc e01l.lll be fouracl on it. TIll''' "I'1p' 01 orclaaGc. tape hacl belll
placed all the bottom of tb. Iv •• l ... aft of tIut eli •• emiaatoJ' anet coated with
.Ulcou I"a •• wUb the lc1ea that they would holc1 talc which hit thta ar.a.
Ualof'tllll&te1,. the ta,.. were Itrippeel 011 In !lipe.
Tlle di •• ami.u.tozo .... COlIn to be heavUy coatunifta&ec:l with talc. The
tala appear" to 1M lmaaatlq fl"Ofl'l the joint whan the .hrn. tor the cU.ohar,. labe attaeM. to tile .udace of th. di ... mlutor. Upon usnovtftl the
.hrawl II ,.... leaI'll" that apprCllldmatelY on. CllP of talc had lomehaw made
It. way iDto the ,uClad. It wu n.pected Chat the talc nterad tUou .... the
anall hoi. foJ' tJl.e .tp&1b wi .... ill the armlq clevie. nllc_ tile I.UI cavity
commwcatoa with the dI.cbar.e t\lbe .. hAIr. talc wa. flowlaa.
1'01' ChI JtatuoIl1 t •• U the ll-·U "' .. ruled wteb compacted tala ift WI .. -apoll. aad trta.ported by tNck to the Naval Ail' Te.' Cem... It wa. &leo
reNl'lUId by Uuck to lliace.poll. wU .. e it wa. cIt ..... mbl.d a~ cleaned DIll
1ft ~'p&I'.tloa. 10., laadlft. with !!I. fort the t .. t prt0lram at nq .. y Pl'ovin. QI'OQu. l)v.r1aa W. Pl'oc", tile u,mt was examined for evi __ • ot uy
daInat. 01' uc ... lv. wear which mlaht baye QCC1lrl'ed darm, trauport 01' rope t •• t. A, ,t&t_ Mo"e. with the uceptlO1l of the contamiu.tiOft of tlw
.torte it •• U. the ........ aviullca tJaat the cIl ••• rntaator 91" allect.. 1ft ..,.
wa, by the mild t.lt 01' .hlpptili'
6-' ., 1121£. a
".
DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Declass Div. WHS
Date: JUl 1 9 20D
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7. PllIlPAJ.A'1'lONS rca 81OLOOICAL J'LlGHT TESTS AT nuOWAY PllOVINO OJU)UN1)
DIIi"lD1 tbe qu&i'ter. p1'ep&l'ationa were made fol' b1.olo,ical Qlpt telt. to
b. c:cnuIl&ct.d at Du .... y Pl'oviDi Ground with the E-'U ad Z.U Spra,. Tau ••
A planu", m •• daa waa held. at DI1pay. a.nd. p1'8p&1'&tlol11 m lil1in, the eli ••
•• m1utora b •• _".
7.1 Plaaniy M.etin, at Due-! Provinl Ground
On 170c:to1M1' 1963. Mr. Q. W1aI.taala. Ilnd )41'. :1. Mc:OUlic:ucWr of
Glnera1 MW •• Inc., to.ether with Mr. J. QIlaley and·Mr. Ii. ChertoU of
FO'I't Det.rick. participat.cl ta a meatilll at Dutway Prov1l1, QrouDd 101' the
pur,o •• of cltAcu •• ill, plau lor Il •• rle. of fltlht t •• ta of the m·~l .ad &-42
Spn, Tau.. !)up.y waa npre •• ntecl by Mr. Cole D. Neff. :Dbec:iQr 01 T .. t Operatioal, anel .. yua' member. of the techn~cal .taff.
A pu •• ntaticm cewer1l'll the cUracurtettea of the E-41 ancl E-4Z in eemaiurabl. ".t&tl ,.. ,lftll by dw Clenlral Milla npr ••• ntativ... a •• ult. of
PI'I'ri •• ntaht tUti of the 1:-"2. at !:tlln Air Forci Ba •• 1.114 a't the Patuaent River Naval All' Station wue eUlft1ll&l'f. •• cl. The .ubject. o! fllllDi. haDd1io., operation. 4OW-I'&'1 ealiblfatlcm. and decontamination wer. ellacuI .. d.
Some moclWcatiolil to thl 1:-4Z SlWay Tank were 1I11I •• ted lay the
Dulway Itaff. Thel. illclwlecl the iu.ta1l1t1on of Ion 1ft-11u l1qu1.cl .1'" lUlu
ill aD ace ... ibl. locatioll to faciU ... t. c1eaaiq in ca .. thla became 1IM\ ••• UY •
• ncl the r.vtlir.'lll Q( the low.r .nel of the boom. to .Umlnat. r.aWaaalliquid below 1b. 1ID .. 1 .. whkh could cau •• drippiDI of aSllit \'11M'll tIw 'bOOM. al'l
1'.tl'acte4. Both of dw.. modiftcati.1 ft.e mad. by Q'''II'&1 WiU.. aD4.
new packl. I. pw1lp wal pu.l'ehal.d for UI. by DUlwa,. per.OIlIl.l 111 n1l1ft1 the
]:-4Z.
Op.radft of the £-41 !by alem di ... minator w •• a.ala •• el wttlt .m
pha.t. oa the cODtl'ollabUlty 01 &JIllt .o.ow rate and the .taz'tl.na and. Itopplna
chal'&cterl.tlo.. No problem ... bleh would I"quirl hloclUlcattoa of the cle.i ••
weI'. fou'IId.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROO. WHS lAW EO 13526, i.GUon 3.5 lJate: JUL 19 201S
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PlaAI "11'. made to lkip CU 1Il-41 au 1:.42 Wiltl to DuJW&Y U 100ft U
po .. i~ alt.&' completion of the ab-worthiD ... tUpt tlee. of the J:-fl at
Pat1lXftt IUver Naval. All' Statio,,_
It wal decided that the £-41 Bpl'ay Taak wauld b. 'Ule41)y alD8ral MUll,
IDe. aAl! that the E-42 would be mild by D11lway Provln, OrouDd perlonelel.
ne dl')" ~ to be uilci in the E-41 wal Ihipped to o.nll'al KiUI. Inc:. from
the 11. S. Arm, Biola,leal Lahoratori .. lad Au,ut. Thl biolo,leal
l1'Iatll'Lalti for u •• in the w.t caedlUon with the E-'U are to be .hipped fl'om the U. S. Army Biolo,teal Lahoratortel to OI1.."..y ProYinl QJ'CMU1d.
A quantity of US Ib of dry ~ "1.1 neli.,.d at Olneral M.iUI. Inc. Tbe I1'I&terial l'eeetve4 WI.. from two loti: 105 1b fl'om lot 17 And ~O Ib from
lot 18. llathel' than mix lota, "e will £111 the dt •• lminator with 100Ib of tlM
lot 11 mati rial.
It will be nee •••• ry to minimi.e thl amount of contamination of the
build! .. with !I. dIlri1l1 the fUUft, opel'&tioD. For tIlia nalOD, 1t ta plamr..d
that thl nal.1 lilted below wW be followed.
I) The fUUDI w!.U be done il\ the dry room which ha. beeD u .. 4 £01' the full-Icall poweSll' f •• clin, Ixperimluh.
2) P,.IODul 11illrlDI the room will don co.,.rAll., Jlove., cap', .hae cover.. au lac. ma.k. which will be removed in the all' lock v.pOft 1eavlq tbe dry rOom. Fr .. h clothe. will be 40DIlecl "POft II .lnt8J'ins Ute rocm1.
3) Th. Uilel c.p. aDei .hoe coy.r' wUI be burned. and the cOYel'lll., ,lovel and lac. malkl will be walhed. and uuled.
.) Exp.ndable burnable mate&-iall 11.114 1n the dry room will b. pl.eed io plaltic bal' lor rlmoval to the IlIcinerator.
S) Th. ell ... mllluor alld other equ1pmellt wUl be thorcaJb1y walh.4 with ,'I'mtetu befou removal.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROO. WHS lAW EO 13526, S.ctlon 3.5
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6) J'U~l'I la die l'OOftl a1~ .beulatlo .. ·~y.telrl will btl ,.,Iao.c1 aac1 tIui I .. lh'e ~oom wm be tJ&orDlliJalY walh_ with,8"Sc:'" afte" th, lilUllI opel'&tiCMl ie cOllllpletecl •
TH material., w.pplle. &lld w'&riII.& apparel needec1 to lmpleme .. t thll
plan are belD, pt'ocuucL
~rtDl the planDl1II m .. tlft, at Du.way ProviD, GtCIQDCI til. Oc:tob.t. it
wa. &I1',ed that o. •• al KUle' S' •• poallbllity for IUllna the lC-42 with _t
... ent wOlllc1 be llmitec1 to provlcllq a eu1table pwtIp.
The pm, for thil purpol. waf ptocunc1 fS'Om the VantoB Pwnp anel
li:qu.lpme.u Co. The lpecUlc:atiolUl fo~ thia Vanto1l s.an ... Chemical Plunp
ate al foUow.:
1) ahe 3D (5 ,pm at 0 ,.i. elbc:ha~I') ~l .tallll" ... teel 'Dolly
31 hypalDa nexUlDer
4, 3/.f-lnch NPT llllet aad OI1t1et
5) 1/4 bp. totallye .. clo,.el, 110 .. ,,01t motor
6, Clo .. coupled with capacltor atart
A lpaclal hO •• wa. all10 pl'ocureclto coanect the pump dt.c:h&~ •• to \b.
dh •• mlnatol' fUUllIlinl.
Thi. IClaiPft'leDi will be ahlp~el to Dulway with the clh •• mlnatol'l.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section a.s Uate: JUl 1 9 7.O\S
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8. SUllDtAAy AND CONCLUSIONS
0111' proll'&rrI of ru •• reb anei development on the ell •• eminatioll.of .0114
ud.llquld BW ... nt. t. brae! aad vuied. The prOlzoe .. ill th. yazi~
&real of .work b .ummarll.d ill th. followlna para,l'&pbl.
Wo.t pOWUI' aampl •• betn. u.eclin the ltudy of fundamellt&l pl'opnU ••
an now beitll proc .... d. in & £111ld flDulY mUl to Illmiaate any po .. ible
effecte :relateel to previou. hi.tory of the powder. W. now believe tJaat the
.1idiq cll.k te.t zmr.aur •• the .luIv re.l.lance 01 the powder durin. com
p&etiOD, when., ~e triaxial te.t provide, & tN' me&lur, of the _heal' I
.trellith of a compacted powder. A purely ~.or.Hcal treatment of com-
pactecl powders re,ulb 1n conclu,1on. which an 'lualit&dv.ly til .. reemeet
with empirical theory. Thr •• m .. t:,a4. of c1etarmiralnl tell.lle .b.a,foIl ar.
beln, evaluated. Thue are the triutal m.thod. 'e,OJentecl columa meiboc1
and. a DeW decampre •• i". breakup te.t. which involv •• aeroclya&mlc b:r.almp
o! a aompaotecl powder .peclmeD thl"CNJh rapid clepr ... u:riaaUoa. Th. 1n.~&'OR
tutu i. bei11l employecl ta oblaht dUa relatill, .tre •• and.llUlrlY to aVlr .. e
INlk a.n.lW of compacted powdlre. A technique involvilll aw •• 100.
S-iacA c1iameter tubl WUA alternate !ayera of aatural and elyed comp&c:ted
poweler hal revealed. how the powder elletl'l.lNtea it.elf =&'1111 compaction.
An ,xten,lve .t"ely o£ the charactll'i.tic:. of the powciel' pan1c18 haa b •• a
initiated. Factora of interut include particle .hape, pol"oaUy. total aul'lace
ar •• , audaco enerlJ'. ad.orptirity, chemical r.activity aDod '''lo.Uy (Section 21.
Th. eXJMI rimlatal work witlt aero.ola conncted. in the .. rophilom.ta~
haa "eveal.d that .el'o.ol propes-d.a c!epeftc1 upon the meth04 at ell.penlon
employ.d. Imppovln. the liabt-beam f&llecl to provide 4&ta of .v.fftciaat
quality to permit an ana;.!yala of U.ht.acatteriDI fiDcmatiou. COftCelltntlcm
"URI have been ahowD.1o foUow the up ..... 1OD. lor DOII.&,.loaMrad". decay.
Theoretlcal .. tbna~. of allLomeratlOD, baaed OIl fora .. operaUve Det ... a
particle. ad OD the motloll of p*&'tic:l .. tn the •• ,Ulnl cbambU'. haw abGWIl
DECLASSIFIED IN FULL Authority: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Declass Div. WHS Date: JUt 19 ZOI3
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th&l au1omeJ'atioD'le of DO COft .. qWlDC. In tile pne.n' experiment&! &P.,.I'&_
tul,\Nt c.oWcl become lmponaot in .11.1'1'1' chamber, 14, •• lUI"", fQS'~,. Ibcly 'au the ,ffect of humidity. ltetle char.e, ene1'ty of .'..-1"100, aad
pa:rticl, ruloltty on die,.ntb111ty aoc1 decay, .. well a. the effect of com
pacttn, the powclel'l to hlaher lN1k denlhd •• prior to dilpel'lal ill the aerophilometer (Sectton 3,.
The full-.cale .xperimental feeder, which i. actually a Pl'ototype of the
lnl1el' tank ... embly at the Z-41 .pray tank. wa. u •• d ,"c,~e .. laUy to feed
powdered .US&" and flour. III additional te.tl with compa~ted talc. a flow
rate of ,11b/mtn wal achievecl (SICtiOD. 4).
Tec:hniqu •• £01' enc:apll1lattn. compacted particulate material were iii. v .. tilateel in. 'lril.ich foamed pl •• tic wal u •• d to cORtain the powder. PackaJ •• of thil type WI,.. .ucculfully flld throulh the di .. eminator, but til. methodl
employed thUI £&1' have not produced a .u!ficlen.tly Itl'ol1l p&Cuae. A eplelal loadina device in wbich compacted material 'I trandened from a COlllpaC
tion cylinder into the dl .. emlnator hal been Uled to Illl the prototyp. 1:"1
Ipray tank for laberatory an4 field te.ta (Section 5).
The prototype dry I,ant dilleminatin, .tore (1:-41 epa-ay tau) WI com
pleted ancl aubjected to a .el'le. of telt.. A .tru.ctural telt mocle! .ucc ....
fully pa .... thl Itructural teet. con.ucted at Fletcher, Aviation Company. Laboratory fullCtional t .. t. anci a roup-handlin, t •• t Wel'l concluctecl at Cenual M111 •• Inc. Iu. Novembar the 1:-41 wa. luc:cI .. £u11y flown ar.cl
op.ra&4ld with compacted talc: OIl lUI. A"·B (A4J)·~) airplane at t.he Naval All'
Tilt Cauler, Patuxlnt River, Masoyland. With the exceptiO!!. of contamina
tlon of the bottom of the dl .. amtaator. the unit and it. cockpit control.
proved to be quite laUlfactory. The dia •• minato. wal I'eturned to OeDer&!
MWI. Inc. £01' examination arull'efllltn. preparatory to the flipt t.att .chealed for ])ulway Provtnl Qroand (Sectton 6).
PrlparatlOll.. "'el'l made for bio1oa1cal mlht tUtl to be cODcbactecl at
DarraY Provln. Ql'ound. A plan1l11ll meatiq wa. heW at Dl ...... y on l' Octobel' 1962. A2'ran •• mentl w .... mad.e toJ' nUiul the 1:.4. Ipray tank with dry
!I. at OI .. lnl MUl •• l .. c. anc! eCl\&ipm,~ .... 1 procured for fllllni the E-4Z
with liquid alent. at Dulway (Section 1).
DECLASSIFIED IN FULL AuthOrity: EO 13526 Chief. Records & Declass Div. WHS Date:
JUt 19 D'
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1) a'ilual ),(\U •• IIlG. B:1eCltl'ollice Group. R'JlGrt No. 23"- Dt..emlouian of loUd &IU! liquill BW a,ente (Ut. by o. a. Whltaab. CCMlUact DA-la.O"'.CML-1T45. Ninth Quarterly Prolr ••• :aepol't (OctOMI' 19. 1962) (CoaficieIlUaU.
Z) ._.-. a.port No. 23ZZ. m ••• mination of loUd &I1cl U'luld BW aleat. (U). by Q. a. Whitnab. Contract DA-18-0M·CWI,,-2745. I3pUa Quartel'ly Pl'oll'''' a.port (Aquat 2Z. 196Z) (Confidential).
3) --_.. alpon No. 2249. m ... min.U.OD of .oUd, uulliqutel BW' alillti. by' O. R. Whltnah. Contract DA-18-064-CML-l.145. J'lfth Qaar&erly Pro.re •• Report (November lOt 1961, (CoDfldenUal).
4) --- -. Report No. 2200. nt.lemination of .oliel &114 Uqutcl BY alenU. by O. R. WhUaab. Contract DA.18-064.Q4L-2.145. Third Quarterly Prol .. e .. Report (May lS. 1961) (AD 333.598) I Cozstlcle t'ltlal).
5) .---. Report No. 3264. Dl.,eminatlon of .olic! ancll1quicl BW' ... ntl, Dy O. R. Wldtuh. Contract DA·18.064-CML·ZT9S. Sixth Qu.rgl'ly Pro ...... Report (Febru.ary 23. 1961) <Co~cllnU&l).
6) Utah. Umver.1ty. Enalnlerllll& Exper1ment 8&&tloa.. Bullitill No. 108. QravUy flow 0' lNlk a011d •• by A. W. IIGUea (October 1,(1) (Utah, UGhlrllly. Bulletin 52, Z9).
7) OeGlrallllm •• Inc, lClectronlc. GrOllp. Rlpol't No. 2300. Di.lemlnation of .oUd anc.t U'l"tcl BW .. ent •• bV O. R. WhitDah. CODtract DA.18-0"'-CWL.Z"4S. Seventh Quarterlv Pr0lre .. Repol't (Julle 22, 1962).
8)
9)
10)
ll)
12)
13)
If)
15)
...... Rlport No. Z344. op. cU., p • 1-20.
........ !lepon No. uaa. Opt cit. , p • )-11.
........ R.port No. 23". Ope cit. , p • 3~ 10.
----, a.porc No. 2300, 6p. cit •• Fl8'1re 3.5.
..... a.port No. UZZ, OJ'. cit! • p • 3-b.
---.. Report No. Z"' ... cp. cU. , p. 3-8.
Ibid., p. 3-14.
... --. Report No. UZZ. op, cit,. p. 3-4.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 LJate: JUl 19 •
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16) Q~I.B. H. 1. •.• ad W. ll. ....... Pa1'tica1&&e clcnaU: n.t.. amoke •• ~ milt., thet!' ,Jay.lCl a1lll Pl.ted ehemi.t1'f aac:t tn •• trial aad eavil'oamezatal •• ,.et •• LoftdaD.. Z. amiI'. H. SpoII.. 1917, p. 139. A .lmplea' _xpn •• loa Ie ItveD Oft p. 51.
I?) Smollldlowakl. M. Y. Venueh eiller mathematiachell ~ori. d8~ Koaplatlouklaetik ko1101clu 10.\\ft1111. Z. Ph.,.lk. Chem. ,a: 1l9-68 (1917). -
181 The _aect of polycll..,. .. ity ba. be.D •• timat.d lA panlcul.~ C •••• l it i. follftd that & hclftO,.lleOti. cll.tl'tbutton over I to 7 uDlt. lllen ••• the coap1atioa rat. bv z.6 perceat. See: Indiana. Univenlty. Department of Cheml.Uy. The coal\tlaticm of aerololl, by Y. T. GY.ckel'. COtIob'act AF 19( 12.2)-315. SCientific :Report No. Z (3,,1,. 31. 1953) CAD 25.719).
19) Kunkel, W. B. Growth of ch&rllci parttcl •• in. cleNd.. J. Appl. Ph,s. !!: 1053-55 (19-«8,.
20) _,,_. The .tatic electrification. of dUlt partie1e. on di.perltOil tUG & cloud. J, Appl. Phy •• 11: UO-lZ (1950).
Z 1) Genual MUI.. Inc:. lClecb'ordc. Qroup. B.lporta Ko. 2300. 2321, Z346. OPe clt.
aZ) -- _.. Report No. 2,,.01. 01'. cU., pp. 'I' -z thru 7 -5.
Zl) --_.. aeport. No. Z3Z2 and 23"", OPe cit.
9-Z Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
uata: JUL 1 9 201S
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APPENDIX A
ENQJNEDINC SPi:CIJ'lCATIONS
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DATED t/28/12 :
.. Q~F1CA~ION rK~S
QDIJIIlAL Mlt.L8 TANK AIlsY Ptl 21-150-48032
project Engineer
.~-Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. S.atiQn 3.5 Uete: J~L 1 9 2013
'.1
MODEL 21-150 COPY NO ..
ISSUED t t
REFERENCE
_, III
aaual 1U.11. Specification NO. GIll 21100-610
...... _----._.
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Qal\LIrICA'l'IOB 9ft. GZDRAL xzr.z.. mzvx AS'!lNBLY
Th1a rep~ oovara a ~on of the qualification te.ta conducted 01\ General J4ill. (O.N .1.) .pec:lal tank •• sembly, Put lito •. II: 2t:LOO-61Q. .'I'be teet usembly is f.dctioal to the final a88ambly exce,pt that operational ~ent. suCh
.•• the pun air t~b1n. g'ene&-atGr, pistolla, actuatol:', valv •• , atc., WU'. IIIOd.l.a of J.4.~cal weight an4 center Of gravity. Purtber ~iflcation t •• tiDg will be conducted by a.M.l. to a\Jl)ltlnUate the oparatloul capuil1t1" of the oompl.ete anam'bly.
This c!OCumaDt presents the ~l1f~cat1on teat1nq conducted in accordaACe w1th the xequ1r~t. of apaoif1aat1on MIL-T-73?1A, and G.M.:. Specification GNS 29100-783.
Q\,\aUf lcat10n teat. deecZ'1becl herein war. conducted at thea Fl.tdhe~ A~ia~Oft company teet facility.
lW'UlmC!81
Specif1cation HlL-T-7378A
O.M.I. Speoification rlrawinv
G.M.I. Spaciflcatlon GHI 29100-610
G.M.I. Speoificat1on CJC8 2tlOo-783
'.A.C. DnWint. 21-15«)-1 48032
~ ~ .......... -.. • ...... *, _. • • - ."
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• ••
Tank, I'uel A1rC%aft, External Auxiliary, Removable
51{ 29100-698
Bxternal Removable ~ank Aaay ~or G.M.I. Electronics Group
T •• t1nq of ZXte~nal RemovCl.. ~1rcraft Tllnk A .. e1llbly d •• cr.1bed by QM8 2'100-610 for General M111, Il.otroD1o Group
Tank A •• eMbly, G ••• l. 8pacif1cat1oD
Pag~ determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section. uate: JUl 19
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hi' No.
IftltCDOC'n05' • · · · · · · · · · · · · · A
TABl.B oj COImDI'rS. • · · · · · · · · · · a
UVI8I0II8 . • · .. • • • · · • · · • · · C
Bxam1na~101\ of ftOduc~ · · · · · · · · · 1.0'
We19b1: T •• t. • · 0 0 · · · · · • · · 0 · :Z.O . Cent.: of Qzav1ty 'e.t 0 · 0 · 0 0 · 0 · 3.0
,1tdh A V~tion T •• t · · · · 0 · · · · 4.0
St&"Uc:1:\a'al !reat. · · • · · · " 0 · · · 0 5.0
Laale.,. , •• t " • · 0 0 · · · · · · · · · 6.0
Bjectllm .,eet. • Ir' · · · · · · · · · · • 7.0
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROO. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3,5 l..Iate: JUL 19 III
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N.... IIIIn I FLETCHER AVIATION COMPANY: I p.~_f I TO.~. \·CUM
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PIlIEPAIlID W.t".:tll",n,.n Q-2B-'" "wa
C:II.CUD ~. It I /I
SYMBOL 1
2
3
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nn.. Q~!FlCATION T~STS
. GENERAL MILLS TANK ASSV
REVISIONS
REVISED PAGES 5.5;5.9,5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.17
ADDED PAGES 5.11.1; 5.11.2, 5.13.1, 5.13.2
Moae\,. 21-150. 43.286
RI:POaT No.
DATE
10-12-62
--) \' (Uno r~ APpaOVED: L J"',u ...• , ...... ·,·'t .. c) .. ',./). ....
t , REVISED Pl,GES
A, a, C, 2.0, 3.0, 3.2,4.0,4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 5.0, 5.9, 5.11.2, 5.13.2, 5.17, 6.0, 6.3, 7.0, 7.3
ADDED Pl\GE5 3.2, 4.8, 4.9, 5.9.1, 5.11.:1. 5.13.3. 5.17, 7.~. 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8
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APPROVED: -I',.v . ~ ' .. :/, • ".
aEVISED PAGES
4.2, 4.6, 5.10, 5.12, 0.1
d t rmined to be unclassified Page ee WHS Reviewed ChIef, ROD, lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
Uate: JUL \ 9 101!
Best Available Cr.
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II... DAft FLETCHER AVIATION COMPANY
~alla.han 9-28-62 TITU
EXAMINATION OF PRODUCT GENERAL MILLS TANK ASSY
MODEL 21-150 43.304 I
ftC_lOT No.
ADMINISTRATIVE DATA ®
PURPOSE OF TEST:
To determine that the assembly conforms to the applicable drawings.
MANUfACTURER:
Fletcher Aviation Company
MANUFACTURER • S MODEL NO:
21-150
21-150-48032
QUANTITY OF ITEMS:
One
SECV~ITY CLASSIFICATION:
None
TEST DAT~:
10-16-62
TEST CO~~UCTED BY:
Wayne Callahan
DISPOSITION OF SPECIMEN:
Use for Weight Test
ABSTRACT:
Page determined to be Unclassified RevieWed Chlet. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Ulta: JUL 1 9 20D
~e assembly successfully met all of the requirements of the test.
11..,_"01 Best Available Cop~
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... ,. FLETCt-::. •• ":'1;:"TlON COMPANY
PIIII:I'4ItCD w. CaHaha _9-28-6~
CHII:CICU '"R. \-I. it EXAMINATION OF PRODUCT GENERAL MILLS TANK ASSY
MoDE:L 21-150 43.304
"EPOIIT Ho. l 'A,.[I, AJI •• OVCD 'r:'~ -·:'t. l '- ,~ ...
FACTUAL DATA Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13626. Section 3,6 IJlte: JUL 1 9 201S
1. That the assembly and accessible components thereof conform to their applicable engineering drawings.
2. That the assembly and all components conform to airc:aft quality standards for workm~ship.
TEST EQUIPMEt."T:
1. St~nd~rd inopcction tools: linear scales, ~icrometers. c~l1pers.
TEST PROCEDURE:
1. Inspect the complete assembly for goncr~l conforrr.ance to'P.A.C. drawing no. 21-150-48032.
2. Remove nose and tail sections and inspect ~ll compartments fc.r m~tal chips, filings, or other foreign material.
3. Inspect all 'mating components for ali9~ent, fit, sealing capabilities and general workmanzhip.
4. Inspect tank surfaces for evidence of d~~~J~ or undue abrasion,
S. Inspect for loose bolts, rivets, or otj~er :[c.Z::'e:,.'.nS! 1evices.
6. Inspect for parts not treated for corrosion ~esis-tance.
7. Inspect for misalignment of mating components.
B. Remove inner tank cover plates and inspect inn~r tank for general cleanliness, workmanship, a~d conformance to G.M.I. requirements.
9. Ge~erally inspect simulated components (G.M.I. furnished) for fit and security of installation .. _
l--_____ , __________________________________________________________________ ~
'Ae t_ '101
Best Available Cop:
•
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P"C~AItW W.Callahan 9-28-62 PAGE Il .. 2
R. HIll TIT",
CHCCIfIO lo.!r ... 1:-
A~ .. avCD J;t/{/. /. ; - ",/., ." t'J",. .. H.~....,.t.~
TEST PROCEDtnUj: (Contd)
10. Install nose and tank contour for
RESULTS OF TEST:
Satisfactory
RECOMMENDATIONS:
F.A.C. TEST ENGINEER
EXAMINATION OF PRODUCT MODel.. 21-150 GENERAL MILLS TANK ASSY 43.304
Rr:~OItT No.
tail sections and inspect entire surface irregularities.
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Uate.
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I .. ,.,... DA'" f ~L::TCHER AVIATION COMPANY ~P~._._~~._cD~fw~_r~~.'~!l~·~~~~~~~Q~_~.?~A_~_~~'~~· ___________________________ ____
TIn-a 't'mIGHT TEST
GENERAL MILLS TANK ASSY
ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
PURPOSE OF TEST:
To determine the empty and full weights of the complete assembly.
MANlJPAC'l'URER:
Fletcher Aviation Company
MANyrACTUBER'S MODEL NO..
21-150
ASSEMBLY DR.M'lING:
21-150-48032
QUANTITY OF ITEt-1S:
Onc (1)
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION:
None
I ...... ! .U". PAce i J2.0
NOII&1.21-150 43.304
RE .. <:>.T !'!o.
®
TEST DAT=::
10-17-62
Page determined to be UnclassifIed Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Uale: JUt 1 9 •
TEST COtIDUCTED BY:
wayne callahan
DISPOSITION OF SPECIMEN:
Use for center of Gravity Test
ABSTRACT: i
The assembly successfully met all of tho requirements
'Ac:. ..... lIeo.
of -:':'lC test. '\ , • ,
Best Avaifable Copy
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flA... I .ATlC I W_C~llanAn q-?~_~~
REQUIREMENTS:
FLETCHER AVIATION COMPANY
WEIGHT TEST GE~~ MILLS TANK ASSY
FACTUAL DATA
1. To determine the total weight of tile empty assembly.
2. To determine the total weight of the full assembly. I
TEST EQUIPMENT:
1. Certified pl~tform scales. 2. Tank cradle. J. Simulated filler material (powder).
TEST l?ROCEDU~E:
1. T.~e cradle is weighed.
1 l .... ··-I· .... · t'AGE!2.1
MCDilL. '1_1 w;"
43.304 RE"a.T No.
2. r.~e c~pty tank and cradlQ arc weighed and the cradle weight is deducted from the total waigh~.
3. rna tank is filled with filler material (powder).
4. The full tank and cradle are , ... eighed and the cradle weight ,is deducted from the total Weight.
TEST RESULTS:
Weight of empty assembly Weight of full assembly
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13Sa8. Saclion 3.5
UILO: JUl 1 9 201
F.A.C. TEST ENGINEER
F • A • C. QUALITY CONTROL
CUSTOMER REPRESE~~ATrvE
____ ~6~9~7~.~O ___ . __ \~ ____ ~1~O~4~9~.~5 ___ ~~
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'l'o 4etarmiDa the lOcation of the cent_ of 9:rav~t1 of the ".~Y in 1:Ioth the lull ud empty com'U.t1.oQa.
MAllTtIlAC'ftlREl\'
F1.tcbe~ Av1ation company
21-150
AISlIJILY PPIINQ.
Zl-150-48032
OtIM'l'I'l'X OJ I'l'IMS1
on. (1)
10-19-62
T1!JST cot!pOO'1'I11 IX'
wa",e callahan
PISI'OSIllOJJ 07 SPg;;MII.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13626. sectiOn 3.6 uata: JUL t 9 20\3
u.. foz P1tdh & Vib:rat1on ~ •• t
AlI'F1WjT' The ... ca1:Ily .uOc. .. fully at all of the requ1:rUlltnta of the teat.
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Cm:rER or GJlAvtft 'rJ/l'l' QDJ:JW, KtLLS '1'AIIX A8SY
'ACmlN. paD
JIll' gWIBIXp1'fS I
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To detem1ne tbe iooaUon ot 1;be oente.r Of ~.vJ.ty of the ... ably 1n bOth the empty and C\al1 con-411:1on ••
1. TWO (2) plat~orm 8cal ••• 2. Tank cradle. 3 • Roc:k~ 'bar. 4. S1mulat..s filler mater.:l.al (powder).
1. 'I'h. cradle 18 we1q'hed.
2. The tank an4 cradle are ",etqhe4 and 1;118 ol:a(Ue we.1gbt h deducted from the total weight.
4. 'l'he tan.k 1. l>lac8d on the cracll.e 111 the "balance· poalt1oll. ':he a.q. atation ia recorded •
5. n.e ,tanJc 1. fjJ,1ecS wJ.th the .J.mu1aU4 filler material.
6. 'l'h8 tank 18 plac:ad on t.he cradle in the "balance" po81t.1on. The o.q • • tatioD 1. raco~de4.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Uate: JUl 19 2013
-------------------------._--_ .. __ ._--
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'ft'IY
.cIlC'tD OF Qu:nn '1'lIft GIIDAL MILLS TAD AllY
... _ 21-150 43.304 ...........
1- P8ty'11.
. e.G. t.oc:at.i.on of Elapty 'rUlk C.G. LoCU1on of ·J'Ull 'rank
P.A.C. TIft DCUHDR
".A.C. Ql1A,Lln COmtOL
ctJ8'l'C)JIZJl UPQ8J1ftA'l'lVB
Me_nt'
't .S. 82.97 '1'.s. 82,17
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
Uate: JUL 1 9 2013
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
Vate: JUl 1 9 Z01S
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I 'tE"P'. ~.~t~ PA.Gf: 1 -- ---
2./-1,6-0 M(;D~k
Best Available C"~l'
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PtJ8P9SE 01 TEft' / I. . . ~ demonstra~e the tank will Withatana V~:~t1on
anc! pitc:h.1.nV 10:088 encounte:ea 1ft .enoiae. \
PlatClha: Aviation Company
MAlfQl'ACTtI8D • S HODEL NO, 1
21-150
ASSEM!WX DBAWING.
21-150-48032
OYANTI'IT or ITEMS.
One (1)
SECURIty CHAlSJ1XcaTIONI Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROt? WHS . lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
uate: 1~ ~\ ,~ 2013 !...J_
10-20-62
TES; CONPUCTID BY.
waYDe callahan
pISPOSITION or Sl§SJMlRs
'1'he ••• emblj aucc ... :!u11y _ot all of tha :8qu.ir8llleuta ·0:1: tbe te.t.
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ewu ... ~. \\.\1 PITCH & VIBRATlO. TEl! GDUAX. MlUr8 'l'ANJC ASSY
MOIl .. Zl-1!O 43.304 IIc __
..........
PAC1'tlAt. PAD Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS . lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Oate: JUl 1 9 •
1. Te,t Condition.. The ~anlc COIIIplete With all .UIulated ecmponents ancS pU't •• hall be 1IIOW'\ted in the support j 19' and inatallad on the vlbra-tor an4 :caker usembly. The c.ntulin. ot the tank When JILOUZltaCi on this aSSembly Shall l:Ie a mln1lnum of 20 inaho. aboVe the axis of rotaticm. '1'ha taDk shall be Pitched ilnd vLlII:ation tested in. aCGOxdanc:a with the following condition, •.
A. 'rhe vibrat10n displacement shall be a miniJnuID 4QUble amplitude of 0.020 inch m8.sure4 at the attacbnlent po1nta of the tank. '!'he av.nqe amplitude l:Ietween t'ha top and bottom of the tank at the .uppc:t'ting ::inq' shall be a m1nJ,mua of 0.020 inch. A auit~l. 8lectron1c v~:r:at:1on measuring instrument Shall be used to mea sur. v~rat1on di.placament Wbil~ the tank assembly 18 be1nq teste4. The average peek value, at the pOint being measured d.lrinq • 30 second interval shall be. takeD as the value to be raeordet2.
B. The vibration f:z:equ.ancy shall. be 2000 + 0 -60 cycl •• per minute.
C. The tanlc' ahall. be lI1O\1nt~ 1n su.ch a ,M illl 0];'
that the major horizontal axis of the tan~ shall be 90· to tl •• centerline of tho axiu of the abaft of the ~dker as.embly pl.~form.
D. 'l'ha p1tdl roc:/kinq anqle sbAt.l.l be lO· total, apprOX11'lIAtely 15· on either ala_ of the ho:izontal position.
E. 'The tank shall" \U1F .. ~1zaa.J .
r. The tank when f111ed ahall 1:1- p1t.oh-vibr.~ for 25 bo=. at 16 to 20 p1t:Cih oral •• ~ minute.
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IILlTCHE • .lV.AnON COMPANY
»IrCH • VIBRA~ION TES~ GBRBRAI. NIL:'. ~ANX ASS!'
\o: •• I'--I;~ M •• ", 21-150
43.304 "_lIT teo.
C. At the c:cncluslon of the pitch vibration test the tank shall be 8IIIpt1ec!. 'l'he i.llner tank ahall be checked ~or leakage 1n accordance with the 'procedure of .ecUcn 6.0 of th.iIJ report:.
H. After completion of the Kbove teats the tank asa~ly ahall be inspected viSUAlly for evic!ence of failure, such .s .~u~al damage to the 1nner or outer ~anks.
2. Following the above inspection the empty tlll'lk
w:l.th the inner tank pistons at the foxwarc! extreme of their travel shall be pitCh-vibrataa tor 10 minutes at 16 to 20 pitCh cycles per minute. Any rssonant vibration behavior of the pistona or drivQ screw will be noted.
3. With the t4nk 1n the same cond1t1on as ill para. 2 a vibration survey ahall ]:)e made Over a l'anqe of frequencies trom 0 to SO cycle. per secQr,d. F..ny ~ •• onant v.ibrilt1on behavior of the p1StO'l8 or drive screw (aKI provided part.) wll1 be noted.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Slosh ana vibration machine. Tank support tixtu~ •• StrobOtac or equ1valent. vibration meter. Page determined to be Unclassified
Reviewed Chief, RO~. WHS V£brat1on piCkup. Pressure gaga. lAW EQ 13126, S.oIion 3.&
Uat8: JUl 19 20B
1. The ~e8t aasemJ)ly ia mounted on the slosh and v1brat~on macbine ]:)y means of a lupport fixture. '1'he cantetlina of the .uanbly 1a a min.iJnum of 20 inch •• above ~ .lo~ a.il.
2. '!'he tank 1. filled with G.M. I. prov1c!ecS material (powder) •
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FLITCH I. AVIATION COMPANY ym&
PITCH • VIBRA~IOR TBB~ G!NDAL MILLS 'rAIn( AllY
._1IIt. 21-150 43.304
RaooIIT NIL
TEST QOClEDllD' '(CO~tc1)
,M: .... , ..
of frequencies t:om' 0 to so cycle. pc •• cone!. Any resonant vjJ)rat10n behavior of the p18tona or ar1ve ecreW (G.M.I. provided parts) are noted.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.6 Uete: JUL 1 9 2.013
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.... - •• I W ,..] 1..1110.... Q" ,)A •• II: FLiTCHIA AVIATION COMPANY
CMIGIC.. [ll., , ... 1\ 10. ~. to 'too """ ,1'l'CH " vuv.Tl:OJf T18'l' ....... 21-150 43.30" GIN'DAL MILLS 'rA!IX AlSY "" .. ltOvl.ldllt). not.Q.. 10/ (-/t. 'l. II.-T No.
,.,. ... N ..
3. 'the pitch and v1bration machine 18 put into cyCll1c pitching of the longitudinal ax18 frcm lS· no.. up to 15 II nO.8 down.
, 4. 'the motor drive for the eccentric weight, produc.1ng vibration il activated and brought up to 2000 + 0 CPM.
-60 5 ~ V~:ation reacUnqa are 1:Uan and the accentr1c
we1ght8 adjust.d to produce the r~lr.d value. of v1bratlon dt.p1acanent.
6. ~. p1tCh rata 18 cheCleed to b. 16 to 20 pe: min • .
7. 'J.'he rotation spee4 o1! the eccentric waiqhta 18 me.lured' to be 2000 + 0 R.P.X.
-60 8. S1multanBoua piteb and vibration 18 continuod
for 25 houn.
9. 'lha tank 18 emptied and the 1nner tank, 1. C:heClce.1 for leakage in aocordance witb Seot1on 6.0 Of this report.
10. 'l'ha tank .sa8ll\l)1y 18 Visually in.pectea for 8vUence of lal1=_ such •• 8truotural 4&1111'90'1 to the inner or outer tank.
11.
12.
13.
'lha inner tank piston. ara ac1vanced 'to the forward extreme of th81r travel towar~ center.
Th. a ••• mbly 18 "itch v1brat~ far 10 minutes .1n accordanoe with steps 4 tMOU9h 8. Any re.onant behavior of the pi_ton. or d:ive screw are noted.
With the .l8elllbloy 1JJ the ... condition aa ._ 12, a vibration awvey 11 udo ovar & J:'&n9,a
Page determined to be UnclassIfied Reviewed Chief, ROO, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 IJale:
JUL 19 2013
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-. .~ l··1. i ' - . \ - .' -.. - - 'L .... CHIR AVIATION COM'ANY
PI'lCH-VIBRA'lIOll '1' Bft . GDDAL MlIoLS 'l'AKJIt ASft 43.304
I'tIrH .....
'1'AHK 50. _ .... 2 __ MOJ)IL . 21-159
_~W~.~!p~~.~C:.=l=l=aha==D=-__ DA~E, 10-20-62
VIBlA'1:IOllT
'rANK CAPACI'l'Yt _ ...... 3"'S'-ljQ~ __ pound.. TEft_ _--:3;.:5;.::;0 ____ pounda
.. OlJlIRA'l'ING P1lBSsuaz. __ 0 ____ TEST PRESSUlUh _..;;;0_·-...;_
~ WI' PI'L'CH .................... HBAI5I 'lIN. rl'l /e .. "'.".1 .... .Speed MT3 At-.I,nna 'Ii'wt1 ti"l'f Af1:. R:1ntr - II •• I .... 'ILK IC.P.ll. ' l!'wc! Aft. tl'DDIIIE' Lower tJm)Qr Lower .
1.50 1.S0 1,990 17 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.2 1.S 1.4
1.50 1.75 J,990 17 2.1 2.2 1.8 2.6 1.7 ~.2
_i_
_.-S':AJl'l or RUth DAHl 19-20-62 'rtNEr 11110 A.M.
LOG. rrequanCf and d1.placement measurement. taken eve!"X 2-3
hour ••
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t'A'I11h 10-21-152 'rIME, .J.2!}.O P .Mi
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Ctuel, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Uaie: JUl 1 9 Z013
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~.,.Il " Trn.a
Pr'l'Clt-VIBRA'l'IOlf n8'1' CMaa" .. '1"-"" c.z. MaNlo21-150
111(~ .. 1. .. GBNDAL MILLS TMK AISY 43.30 • A~ •• VII. lo-!-t'tilo PISTONS BX'1'El'lDED /tUoII'r ....
® TUX 1110. 2 MODIL a~-!~2
'1'I8T COlmUCTID BYI Wlee C.l.~.l!an DAna lO-aa-u
VIBRATIOH
TAlQC CAPACl'l'Y 350 poUnds TBS'l": 0 R'Wnd•
OPEIATIHO PRBSSUR!: ---- TZft l'DSSUREr ----TAIDC AT 90° 'l'O PI'J.'CH AXIS
iBC<l Jfr. PITCH VIBRATION T/IN. lIn .Int. .... , ..... Spee4 RAft ~At Luers FWd. lUner Aft: n:!,ng-
Pwd. Af~ a.p.x. C.'.M. !J'Wd Aft tro'Per _t.QW.~ UOOQr Lowe~
1.50 1.75 1970 11 lL9 2.0 1.9 2,-~ 2,0 2.4 . ... -
-STAR'l' OJ' Rtm. DA'rEr l.Q-l2-62 TIMlh l.dlQ t.l-
LOGt There was no r •• onant behavior Ob •• rved on anI eart .
of the .a.em])ll.
UD OJ' :alDh DA'l'lh 10-22-62 'rDII:: 1:10 P.M.
RJASOKI Bn4 of lO-minute teat. .11 4
\ ~age determined to be ~nClaSSlfied Reviewed Chief, ROD, HS lAW EO 13626, Section 3.5 Ultl: JUl 19 to13
,"_'lOa
t n :::.:----.----------- :.~ .... : --:-.. - . ".~ - - Mata A'MTIQN COIPQRATIQN --I. .....
1"IlItMa •• Iw.callahan 110-2!-6~ ...... 4.8 , ;f-t
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1k.~U - "IIno& PITCH-VDlA"rI01l1 '9S'1' CIt_ 0-1'-c.'l.
VUlItA'fIOH loaYft ...... 21-150
I~~ 10/SJ/,.. "7. QUUAL H%Lf,' :ux A88Y 43.304 ""'IIOV .. _ .. 111 Na
.' · ... ~1.~ .. ~11I!~ BISIilm ®® I' •• -.. '.
ECC:. W'l'. SZ'ftXNG USONAHc:I INCH!S OVD%.AP ~. OCCURUJ) Fwd. Aft Ie·P.s. A'l POIft - LIGH'l' SZVlSRZ
1.50 1.75 5 None - -1.50 1.75 10 None I - -1.S0 1.75 lS S. 6 , \ x -1.50 1.75 _2() S 1x -1.50 1.75 25 None - -1.!j0 1.75 30 Nona - -1.50 1.75 35 8 x -1.50 1.75 40 1, 3, 5. 6, 7, 8 x -1.50 1.75 45 11 3 5 ...i 7 8 - x 1.50 1.75 50 11- 3, ~, 6, 7, 8 - x
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3,S !,Jete: a 19 •
,..AFT. \oIoot<®
'Tf~ r l' I~~ 1'"" '1~ In.'"
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:fl 11 --1---r----"- "
~ -Yt:n:~ T~M I-
~- LL<ib . ~Fl. G.<\l,.tem Inner Tank Au8lnbly ® ' t~tor
_ auplln;
® Irc:ult Breaker & Volt Regulator
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'T\'NI
~ Ie .~\., '&. PITCH I V:rJRU'IOll !l'ii'l' --.21-150
~.z4.. /0"'1 <It.". GIRIRAL HILtS TANK ABBY _,43.304
........ va '" No.
® BlIilYMU 2t DS~
Pitch VJb%It1orl ~ .tapa 1 th:r:O\\qh 10
"lulU, 8l1tJ.af~ct:cny
Leakaqa per step ~1
l\aaulta& Sat.islactoor:y
InapeQt10n p~ .• tep 12 , i
KelN1t8. Sat18fact0!1::
PitCh V1brat1pn p1.~on. extended per II_ .... p. 13 and 14
2eaul.ta. Satisfactory ( ••• lIota 1)
Vibration sl.lrVey peE' atop lS
1leaulte: SaUafact02: (.e. Not •• 1 and 2)
atote 1.. a •• onant :behaVior of pistons coul.d not :be o:bsc,T.vacS dJlc:a they ue in a aaled .8nclosw:e. ReSOnant ~.vio:r: of t.~ ••• embly indicated no r •• onanoa 11\ this ar.. at: any of the fl'equenc1.s.
1I0te 21, S •• pa,. 4.6 fOr a4d1tion.~ r.sult ••
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3,5
Oa\e: JUl 1 9 •
".A.C. 'l'BS'l! JlNQIRlIlZI La lo 4 r:: tk (Z?C\ QQ~ .. ~,~ r.A.C. QUALITY COR'l'ROL L.d.: ~, )';'!JJ,Vd ~
• $
CUSTOMD ,RURJ:SBIIJ'l'A'l'IVB C? :Z' ~-..... --s, .. _/ ,M:_ ,,01
1
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS JAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Llat.:
JUl 19 2013
Best Available CO~,
--------.---... --------~- ----------.. Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 usta:
JUL 1 9 Z013
Best Available COP2"
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PURPOSE OF TE~r
'1'0 Q.UIOnatrata the structural integrity of the tank.
PletCher Av1atlon Company
MMPlACTUMR' S MODIL 19' ..
21-1S0
ASSEMBLY PRhW+NGs
21-150-48032
gyurl'l'X 0' X'rFMS.
one (1)
SBCURITY CLASSI'ICATION.
None
TEST DADs
10-25-62
TEST COtmycTBD BY.
Wayne Callahan
DIS2QSITION OF SPICIMIJI
use for Eject10D T •• t
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef. ROO. W..Hi lAW EO 13526. Seotlon ...
LJate: JUl' 9 'l.O\l
The as.embly succe.sfully mat all of the reqq1rGmenta of the te.t.
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1AC!'gtJAL pATA
TBST uoyrRlJ1l!jN'l't
Th. tank 1s .Ubjaa~a~ to the follow1ng teat conditione and ehould .uppo~t the •• condi~on. without failure.
The stat1c test tank shall be a OOmplete 8truCtu~e, l.a. such non-structural elements a8 turb1ne qenerator and electrical componenta. The Itatio teat tank sball De of the same quality workmanship as the fUqht tahk delivered Oft the contract and shall be structurally identical to the flight tank as indicated 1n the reports and drawings aUbmittad.
!be teat tec:hn1queB of the tank 18 81 followsr
'1'l2e tanlc support jig shall b. con8tructed to duplicate the attach point locationa ot the A.~o 7A rad: to pro4uce the moat crit.ical hook and sway brace reactions.
Loads shall be introduced into t:hfl tast tank by mean. of ext:emal .traps. Care shall be taken to 1nBU%e that the load application devices do not ~terially affect the etrength ot the test tank by introducinq artificial stitfn888, atC.
All applied test loads are suitably monitored by calibrated equ1pment (presBura gage., load dynamomaters, etc.) 80 that acceptable te.t accuracy is obta:l.nad.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13626. Sectj<m 3,5
Uate: JUt 1 9 Z01!
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t"~" ~'. I • ,,- • ... ~ "-".,, IILITCHI. AVIATION COMPA...,
TIlT BlQUIlUIMQTl (centeS)
'l'are wei9ht of store anlS all load application dev1c.. ahall be accounted for in 811 teat loadin;_. Independent application of load camponents (tbat i8 vertical, side. and aft loads) ar. u.a4 to facilitate mainta1n1ng correct relationship of load C:OJI\PODenta with each other fo:: full ZOaDg'8 of loac!l trom zero to ult1mate.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
Uate: Jut 1 9 2013
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STRueTORAX. 'rill' G!NBlW. M~S 'l'AHK ABlY
.~ 21-un 43.304
"'O.,..IIID •
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS
TlIU ZQPUMllI'l'. lAW eq 13626. Section 3.5
. .
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1. 2. 3.
4. S.
6. 7.
8.
Static test frame. 'rank support fixture •
Uats: JUL 1 9 !J13
LoaClill9 padl, Whiffle trees, etc. I pc appl1cable t.at conditions. Hydraulic pumps. HycSnul1c cylinders (jackS) with net areas as listed on teat data aheets. Hydrau11a te.t gag8. - a. naCa.aary. Four 24-indh Starrett steel engine marked 3ealaa reading to .010 inch. . Surveyor'. l.evel..
All test condition. are run with the teat tank mOWJtad in the horL:&ental pos1t1cm in the test j.1q. The teat procedure is identical in each caa. and con.iats of the following steps,
1. ~. aystem of loading jacks and Whiffle trees 18 "'nlil;alled, checked fW'lctionally, al1~ iJIspected for proper locatiOn.
2. ReaCl1nqs of 4eflect10n at suo load .. s ·.:a~ .,: by means of a au1 •• of steal sc:al •• hUllg .. l .. llg thll lilngth uf t.:'l8 tank, ana Il aw:veyc.::! I 1e',.,.1.. Lateral deflections are measured frOlt a wi r:. stretched alongside of the tank.
3. The load 18 than applle4 in inCremG·.lts 0 i 2:i'" "i: lJ.m1t. load, and the deflection reachn98 take., at. 25, SO, 75, and lO~ •
. 4. The jac:lc loade are then r:eduoecS to zero, an4 denecUon reading'S talcen to check pouibla perIIl&Dant •• t.
5. LOad 18 again applied in 25" .1nc:r81118nta up to 10<* of l1llit load.
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mu CNCa ... ~. ~IU ~ l-:l·Sb"", ... SfttlC'l'UlUL 'l'IST
GINDAL MILLS TUlC ABSY .... 11. 21-150
4T.~ AI'I'ft.'III.~LL IltJ-74'" II __ N ..
1'_ UOCElllt (COnW.)
MC_ '1'.
6. 1'he liIi:at1a load is 1n=._ed to 12~ of 1.1.mii: 10a4.
7. Defleci:1on ~.ad1n9. a~e taken.
8. The static load i8 increased to lS~ of 11rn1t . load, and deflection reading. ~. taken. (15~ of limit load. ultimate 10a4.)
9. The jaCk loads are reduced to zero and deflection read1n~e ar~ taken.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
uate: JUl 1 9 2013
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'LITCHIR AVIATION COMPANY
No .. " .,~ _, 0::'" 43.3'04 "..--'I' NO.
A r..,iew C)fP.A.C. Report 43.300, "Loads and stress' An.~lYll11S - S011d ruel Tank", shows that structural atatic tests ~st ):)e :r;'QD fcH: 1:hree ,de.19ft cond1Uona. '!'ha.e a%'a.
CoD41t1on,~3 - F11qht (with loads 1n~ea8ed by 2.9%)
Conr.Ut1on ~ & t7 - i'l1iht
Condition ill- Arrested Landing
Test 1~8 fOr these three conditions are developed on ~h~ fall~«inq pag.s.
All load. are on an ulti~t. basia, (1-1/2 x limit load,) and ~ tank it •• lf will be tested empty and unpre.sur1zed.·
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13626. S.ction 3,5
wat.: JUl 1 9 Z013
L--------------------------------------.--~
SrA tIC Z1f$r,s
fiN AIRL()AR l)I.srR",vnqN
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71 1(12-12~
I"" 171
IG.D{AN)
Le,tem/
t' JI .S"1f 77
laD '23 /-9' "'1
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13626. Section 3.5 UtI.: JUt 1 9 20D
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Page determined to be Uncls!!osifted Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 (Jate:
JUL 19 2013
t--_______ ..-.,._ ....... 1=10FRIZO~lT~[;Q!D...§ __ t_~':=-=te ... i--E.E.rl.. ..•• - •• , St;l. ult. LcS. coral.. . Ita. I comb. St.ol. I-----------:t----- .--.. ~ -_ ....... .... ,. ..... ~ .... ~ ... -
f-...i .. _- ...-.131,._ It 2.2. 11,' -17\, ~l I!I
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Lqi~cql
Pull
IA( '- "0'
----- --
Pa~ determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13626, S.ctlon 35 Ua~: '
JUt 19 •
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t=:::;;;:::::j • A [@ tA /b. Jilek. *~"7/D. A ..)lfr:It. • ~""'l""JI- f. A (),,4 ;'_d .N~5''''l&'O Dn tlt,dt side ,..,; tanl:.. A s ... dt:f./Is CU't s.pq,..,/~ sk~rel,.
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 (Jatl: .
JUL 19 2013
. ftI'l' laD 1Q-25-62 ®
caGlI .:mat • PABSSttU .. lUI:aInHGS"ia ~ OP'L1l«l'l l.OI.D .
no. AlU:A 0 25 50 75 100 0 US 150 0
1 ". ''1'" 0 n , ... ~n tI§ n , ." , 11'7 1"1
2 11 ~6 1276 .12Q 1A~ 11I.1,tl JlO., "' .... q<l.n CQ'l 1'711: 3 11.596 It~~ , Q') I"c., 'Ul 311 ~,
.4 " dQ, i~!l
4. 2,'95 44 " QQ 127 l~~ 44 lA'2 ." n 4';'
5 2.795 '0 233 1466 'fi1)9 931 0 11164 11397 0
6 2.795 0 log In, ill.,,,;, 11.11: 0 541 hI';' 0
7 5.498 0 l~L 1391- ISg6 .,aA n I QQ') ll9J..._ -0_ 9 2.795 -L 183 136' I~§o -Ul.- n a,., h lor, n
9 2.195 0 3S 7L 112 , en n , .... .,.,0;, .n lel 2.795 0 169 339 liO.L r:;"7fi n A.41{ I, n,.4 n
PlmSSImB _.::l'1:'._ '1'Alm: B'l'A'1'l0li YDflCAl. .D~ 1m1\DXJm 111 l!lCImS ! ::. ~:
41"1 .. n --1'""-0- '--03--:Oi.·· ~04 -..... ~·06- -o-"-:-o1-'T'~~"l'~: 0-2-1
90.0 0 -.01 -.02 - .04 -.06 -.01 - • .21.+:..Q!. ... 01 .149 __ 0 -.1"13 -:11"1 .:-...J.L -.22 -.02 -.2g~I.~' -.1"13
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+:2'"1"0 L. 'l'AtIK SS'rXom ~ZOftAL D~,!)B RErarmlG DI lta::;;S _ - ::"0 Ro.
I-"~'~_' __ "" : .. Q ....... !Ol _ •. ;0 .. ~k~ ... _~:l_Q. __ .!QL._d.L __ I-.t5.!._t-~L 85 0 0 03 .09 .19 .30 'ta2 .41 . .t.~.1. .02
142.0 . 0 .05 .11 19 .30 .01 .:lao 47 .02
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Oate:
JUL 19 Z013
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Best Available Copy
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Page detennined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Uale:
JUl19 •
.... DIlT No.
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Ver tiC!! I Loads
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 . l.Iate:
JUL 19 2013
'··,,-r .. .' ... - .. - ...... ~ ---- [~~ .. . . . ,.
FUTCH •• AVlAriON'CORPORATlON ·1·· .... : i··· .. ' 1,,-•• .R. W. #"11 '/o'-J/~c"" .' f'...... ~. fI . 11s.Q..Q(jj'J '"
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BI'PLE-TRU L9llmlfSl LOad Condition No. ~ Eli·~IJt:. -Retennc:. D~_ Pat ••
~ '" Gql.l~ll!. No. VER~ICJ\L LOADS ! :~~. at:a. alt. w. Dead Wt 'l'lIJ:'. lfat 104. CotIIb. ' ! StA"1 CoIQb. Stat
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Page detennined to be nc ass e Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Sectiol'l ~ '" \Jate: JUl 1 9 2013
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
uat.: JUl 19m
... :; STATIC
. ~:- 1,~'1 CONDo 5
GEN. MILLS 29100-610 TANK
I • .. _.10-.62: • _ - ,~
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Best Available Cor.n ...
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
Uala: JUl 1 9 201S
.. - - -
Pw.J.I)il .,.
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32 71.9 2..,,4), - l././'f -/300 ! C, 1-,D.7 3 • .,'l~ -' 172- -.I'~~ I
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 LJall:
JUl 19 201!
:STATIC ; Tesrs ,.
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Uate:
JUl 19 2013
.... TCH. AYlAT10N COII'CIATION
164.00
A
m 11f1f.J.~ '(I)-
<I>-);t
'"" £/~Pf .. 0 (i)-
S'l'A'l'lC 'I'll'll .... 21-150
43.304 ....,..,." ..
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chref, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Oate:
J~L 19 2013 .
. ~~. -~~~:::h-'~';"''''' ~ ~ .. -,,:~.::' ·r..,..", u·::"~.J~.:~~.~- "~~~': ~""';~-.~GaJIII'!~J1n~ \ . " - .. ,.
F\ITCHR AVIATION CORPORATION l~l-'· "'-D IW.t!ali.a"!t~" 1Q-!J-1!I2 ~MI. 5. IL~ ~
CM~" ~l~\\ \\ -, .. ""'" .mY S'tNrlC ft8'1'8 · .. o.a 21-1S0' .
Wd.. :·/0,/'''1.. 'I.. 43.304 "' .... ..,.. ...... 7" .. . I • (;1J 10-2.!I-1!I2 ® .,1
r.oaD COIlli1ftDil 110. , '!'1ft zau ~ DZaaNI PMB8 a.13LI • . PRBISUIUI .. DADlBU" S* n:a(!BiI1' fII·JilKl'l""tAD • GMII· .aac ;
KO. ua D . .as 50 7' ~OO o· la' 150 0 .1 :2" 795 0 74 20!li. ~~'7 4"Q 1'\ ';00 .732 a
2 '5 498 0 198. _4"1'1 'l!5ft Cl)~4. ..n ,H12 lliicn n
3 !2.795 0 [216 507 79R .()QO . .0 1.382 1673 0 4 2.7QC 0 1B. ..l2.0 2.02 .283 I') ~ .... .4<1'7 n S 2.'795 0 126 252 171!1 50s 0 ~n 71\7 .Q
6 2.195 () !I~ 30 .7]; l.C.1l r. l.25· 1&;.0... a . 7 2 .. 795 0
. 87 174 260 .lU 0 414 ~:tl 0
a 2.795 0 40 . ..19 119 159 0 198 2:l8 I')
9 .19B 0 24 4ft ." Q~ Q ~20 144 0
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.. --. -"-'------Page determined 10 be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 lJate: ,-r, 1 n 20M!
I;' ". <l I\)
FLETCHER AVIATION CO"RP. "",101". ~~~ TITLE • PAOI< ,3_
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R""""T No.
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Best Availc:b~e Ci'
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Ult';
JUt 19 •
i Il
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31 - 10J . 71
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
LJate: JUl 1 9 ZOI
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Usle: JUl 1 9 201
FUTCM~ AVIATION CORJlOlATION
S'tA'tIC 'tUTS
fA. J<2<ic. f# 1/2.7/"
I,
A J4(f!/&. fllt- 514 5"0 .& Jqt:k.. ·GI2.I ... D"I3 A 5« eI~fw,J/~ em .s~p.l'Wlk
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
Uate: JUl 1 9 20D
. I
RlTCttR AVIAIION CORPOtA'lON
8'1'A'l'IC '1'BS'l't
l.oAD CC*DlftOII DO ... _..1( ... 11 ... )1--___ _
DtI'DIUIIiCIi .... 111 MCIIII 5 , "
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'l'JUG( ft'A'I'lCW lIORllWlAL DlDflI...!="'Olt' ~ m..-E-~..J~_~:..:r.~L-I- 42.0 _" ._,Q~_ .... 01 ... •• Q2 .••• Q.a. __ ._Q.;) ... _.,'Ol __ .'O.LL ..... 9.fi+~ I-- ,90.0 0 0 0 .01 .02 0 .06 J . 07 0
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-Jd~.~S~;A~""""""""U~·'~!'~;~1_ri*~ __ ~'"'Nar..~_~~==~ ________________________ ___ . __ .. - _. - --- --_._._----Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
lJaie: JUL 1 9 2Ol3
Best AvaiiabJe Copy
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Pag~ determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 lJaie:
JUl 19 2013
1"111" ..... 'N. call a'llan 110-7-152 PLITCHIR AVIATION COMPANY JtI .... h~ ~"'Ol: ~-"jl
'R ~\ til TITIoII
CHICOD \1:1-8·' .... LlWCAGI nS'l' "'H .. 21-150 GENERAL lULLS 'l'AHK ABBY, I 43.304
~ltOv •• flf.tl!:A. /C) • PI -:. -:" I I RCHIIT "Or .\ l!;BNISDA'rIVlI DATA t
rvuos§ or 'lISI'=
TO dgmgnstrate that the tank 1s sealed prior to t.he tests.
MANtlFACTOREg:
PletCher Aviat.ion Company
MAN'Ql'ACTORg • S J:1ODiL NO.:
21-150
ASSEMBLX DRAWING.
21-150-48032
atWr,rI'l'X OF ITEMS I
One (1)
SECURITX CLASSIFICAT!ON;
None
DATE TEST C2MPLBTED=
10-23-62
TBST CONDUCTED BY.
wayne Callahan
DISPODITION OF SPECIMEN:
Use for St:2:Uctllral.. ,Teat '. '. "
ABS'I'RACT I
®
There ..... a no leakaqe a. a re.ult. of the Pitdh/V1bra~ion, Vibration, or Vibration S~~ To-.ta.
,~_ .. o.
1 ....
r ..... MY.
...... AIIID W _ t'Bl tahan 110-5-52
A"",OYID
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. s.e~ion~ uaie: JUl 1 ~ iii
PLETCHER AYIATION COMPANY
LIAXAGB orBS'!' QJDTERAL KILLS 'l'AJIK ASSY
MOD ... · 21.1!HI
43.304 "1100_ ,...
FAC'l'UAL DATA
RlgUIRBMIN'l'S t
~. '!'he imer stainless steel tank with all openings seAled ia subjected to an internal pre.aure of 20 P.S.I:O. us1nq Freon 12. The tank is then cheCked for leakage using a oen.ra~ Blectric H-2 tester.
TEST EQUIPMENTz
1. • Tanlc support 2. Presaure Gage 3. Freon 12 cont~1ner With regulator. 4. General ilectric B-2 taster.
PROCBPYRRr
1.. With tba tank supported, c:onnect equipment •• shown an page 6.2 o~ thi. report.
2. conduct t.at a8 specified in procedure on page 6.2 of this report. Sniffing rate ahall b. 1/2 inch per second.
J. Inspect the tank visually for evidence of failure such as damage to the bulkheads or o~.r s~ctural damage to the inner or outer tank.
I'
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I I
Page determined to be UnclaSSified Reviewed ChIef, ROO, WHS JAW eo 13626, Section 3.5 Ual.: JUl 1 9 2011
.. ~ . .. • I .. ,... .~." • ,~ •• .. ' , .
PRBSSUlUI & LZAlCAGB TBft 21 M150-20180 ~ ASSIMBLY
@-End Covar 6c Seals (fwm18hed by General lUlls)
~21-l50M20100 Inner Tank Assembly (Test Artiel.)
~covar, PresBura & Leaks9& TeAt 21-150-20190-17 Pad (Ref) Freon l2 PrQ~sur1zQQ Qgntain~ Shut-off Valva Prea.~ Gaqa, 0-50 P.S.I.O.
u}...--"i!inut-off Valve . . General Eleotric H-2 ~ogan Gas Dotector
-l'ROCBRYM
1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
6.
7.
Close Shutoff Valves @ & @ COl\nQct Freon Container G> LA open VUlvB @ ~ Conn oct Air supply (Valvea ® & ® closed) Open valva ® until pressure gag-Q@ rQada 20 t 1 P.S.I.G. Close Valve @ t1sinq Dotector ® in accordanoe with specif1ed operating inatructiona teat tank assembly for evi-dence of leakage. . Record presaure gage reading eaeh 5 (flve) IlU.U\lt •• of the 2et minute t.at ·period.
lOne or more Prean container a. required.
:2 Shutoff Valve ® after Preon b •• traIl.8£errec! to test tank ®
Page 6.2 Il'!: ~Iit T
4~:~O'"
AUdio &. V;S.sual Readout
I •
I
i 1
- -flu ...... w to."."_ 'In_~_A~
... -.. ':'. \ .
Page determined 10 be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, RO~. WHS lAW EO 13626, Section 3.5
UIlt: JUl 1 9 2013
.LlTCHIIt AVIATiON COMPANY
10INCACD ~:Z1'l GJDlERAlo MILLS 'rAmC ABBY
Me ... 21-150 43.304
R .... ..,.N.
~re we. no leakalire a. a reaul.t ot the vibrat.ion t •• ta.
I \ . \ \
. ., .A.C. TBaor DTQR.
Me ... • ...
[.
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
Uate: ''I'L 1 9 2013 'j'j
., '. ; J • , •• '
"' ....... 0 W.eallahan 10-5-62 .LITCHI. AVIATION COMPANY .. l.'.... ,
PtlJP9SI Of TIft
GROuND ~C'l'IOH 1'JST GBNDAJ:. KILLS 'D.1!IK ABBY
To d8~.r.mine ejeotion dharacteriatica.
MAWOFAC'l'tlRP • s MOpm. NO.
21:'150
ASSBLX PMwrNQ
21-150-48032
.QQY1.11X or IT"
None
PATE TEST COOLBTiiD
10-30-62
Wayne Callahan
pISROSIZIQN 91 'ilCIMII
Ho14 at '18tCb~ Aviation Compauy tor aixty (60) day. for G.M.I. dilpol1tlon.
Moo ... 21-150_ 43.304
~No.
The ••• embly latisfactorily met all the requ1r ... nta of the teat.
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Pag~ determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS IAII! EO 13526, Section 3,5 LJaLe: JUl 1 S 201
W.Callahan 10-5-62 PLJTc:HEI AYIATION COMPANY J- riA ... f'MI 7.1
TITLIr
~.A\lf 1'/8'/'- GROUND BJlC2IOH ~ES~ MOIIII~a1-150
GENDAL MlI.L8 'l'AlOC AISY 43.l0.6 ~4.. /O~ .... .... ""' .... .1'AC'JWW pAD
'l'hat. one (1) OZ' DIOZ'e ejectlon b. maCI. With a l1qhtve1gbt. tank .Ilftd one (1) or mo:e _jac:UoZ) be _4. with hoavr we:Lg'ht tank 80 aa to acCUZ'ataly det:aZ1llua the peQ force, velocity, acceleratioft, ftnd ~ank attitude at end of stroke. '!'be peak ej .ct.lon fOll:ce shall not: exceed 30,000 lbs.
1. Ej~ct1Oh frame. 2. Suspensiou fixture J. Pylon 4. L1ghtwdQht Store S. Haavyweiqht Store 6. 28V l)C power .upply 7. 20,000 Ohm{Volt MUlttmeter 8. M1aW .. te= Oac:1l1cgraph 9. r.A.C. 7orc:e ~an.duc.r
10. EXt811.sometu (CentuZ'y Bn9'.) 11. Acc:.l.romet~ 12. lompl1fier (Miller) 13. H19h Speed CaJuZ'a (Wolleneale) 14. Goose control
1. InstaU suspenslon f1xtur_ OD ejection
2. Install pylon on suspension fixture.
3. Inatul 11qhtwelg1:1t store on pylon.
4. Apply 2ev DC to the meche111l1l.
5. MII •• ur_ voltaqe at f1rinq p1n ••
6. Remove safety pin.
1. Meaeure volt:&9_ at firiDg pins.
frue.
8. DUClonne"t. powu: 8upply and in8eall .. ~ety pJ.n.
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Page determined to be Unclasslfled Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Oltl: Jtft. 19 1)1
_. -PIlIIN... W. I""U .,. ... i , ".11_':'1
FLiTCHIR AYIATION COMPANY
I ISH_I. 'to. \\ ,\\ . 1./ ,,} ,."" ,.".. A .... ".y .. l~f IO-;-~,»i-
9. InstaU 8xteftlOllleter.
12. IDSUll carla":Ldge ••
13. R_ova 8a~.ty pin.
14. ACt:Lvata Lnstrument and camera Circuits.
15. Activate t1r11'1'l mec:hard8Dl.
16.. Clean pylcm a.sembly ana .lnlp.=.
17. Install heavywel.cjht store <= pylon.
_at&. 21-150 43.304
"-..,NO.
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Secti.on 3.5
lJate: JUL 1 9 2DI
.- - FLITCHIR AVIATION COMPANY "A .. 1-1";-3 Pll .......... w,callaban lO-!5-6:1 .'
~ HIli leo/f /,..;.. TII'L&
C"':i;' .. I!.-:.!I!!' ... GROUND IJEC'l'lOlf 'rES'!' IItn .. ll-1!5lt
~~- Io-} .. ' .... I-· GBNBRAJ,I luLLS TANK ASIY 43.304 ,,-- I'ID'CIII'I' No.
® . TIU'MSMS
. r..1CjJhtWlt1ght '.~"'l'We1ght Tan]s I Tanls
) \ Peak Ejection Fcree 18,060 3l.4§O 198. Peak Accelorat1on a~.a gig aa.4 i'. Peak velocity J.a • 2 ttLlec ~.a.Q :tlilea Att1tu4e at end of stroke l.Ii:3I:aJ. 1 "XIJ. UCOHM3NDA'l'IOlfS •
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r.A,C. nG' •• ~.~.
,.~.c. QUALlft COb1lIDL-:=JI:'~~=~= c:t1S'l'OJCBa U.ftaIID1'1'A'!'IWI CZ ~ ..sill Co lit. 3:1::5 •• :."
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.11 ..... W.callahan 10-31-62
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, RDD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 Ullt: JUl 1 9 20D
Page determined to be Unclassified Revlewfld ChIef, ROD. WHS - ... JAW EO 13626, Section 3.5 lJalQ: JUl 1 9 20D
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Best Available Copy
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._-------- -------Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3,5
Ult': JUl 1 9 2013
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Best AvaHabie C
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW eo 13526, Section 3.5
UlllI: JUl 1 9 1)1
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P .. ao: - ~ ~ 7·"7
8'3st Available Copy
:::::::::::::~~=---------------.------------------------------------: ----------~b~e~Ul.n~classmed rmined to Page date f RDD. WHS
. wad Chla • 3 5 Revie 3526 Section . lAW EO 1 •
Uaie: JUl 1 9 •
Jo4""'£
f'R£pA"-'-_ &: ~<?~ ~- _ LETCHER AVIATION.. CORP.
i: . - -, ~ . C,...,.r/'(£v __
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Vale:
JUl19 am
IHIEa or.
~ ELECTRON Ie DIVISION ( Mfii;)
It. CIaII~ .. vat .. 111 __ 'I, MI"-"A \: :J REUA8I: DAft z.1JA16I
~ ENGIHIDINCII DlliARTMINT &NCIJl'tCATION GMB ~lOO-m
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1. It. 3 - 7.S .. to 8.8 __ 2. It_ ., _ ~-~ - "'" m.a 6/1/61
i IICIO HO. 11&'1. " ..... _. OATS
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3,5 U.l,: JUt 19 2013
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r. ~ 1 2 ELECTRONIC DIVISION " ~!2:ntl ) SHEET. __ _..QOF----
! ~--- IllIUds 'I Itlt ... """'.--. .. ~. '" MIN~A \.: ~ ""-lASE D"TE......2J.l;;.,. .. ;t-/62;;.;;.... __
! INcalNKERING DEPARTMENT SJlIlCIP1CATIOH_' _G=)!.:::IS;...;2?=o.oo-~Jlt.m1.t:-_____ -:-, I';'
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1'oll.Ov1q ~ apeo1ti_t1ona:
rrJI(; 400 Cpa, 3 Pbase, 400 J"z'aIa A.a. HOt.or
1. Iuplt l\wV - 400 :: ao ct-. 200 :: 1.0 \lQl.~ A.C. - &.LA_ to L1ne
3 1'I:IUe
2. H1nJ.IIuD 1&"114 CIII*oi V - 22 1",., at 5600 RBI
s-t1S.l't1Ds ~Z'CIle - (M1D) • l2~ open~ wnue
ED 3· i\:IvV h~ • eun-t DI'&1.zl 8.8 AIDp. 1*" l'IIUe (MU) at 22 u/I !l'orCl\1e
Fovea- lutor - .60 (m.lD) .t ZI 111/1 'l'Drq,\16
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Btt1c1.enO)' • 7~ (MSA.) at 22 1A/11'otqUa
4. W1re OCDl*lUOZl - OOlo1' Co4e4 - l1staU ~
Mf.IWNIII ~ - 36"
" Dlat, Cyole • con~
6. ~. - MiDlllWl ~ SeE • U44er OOACUtS.cnIa 4e8CZ'1becl blJ.ovJ
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intJ,re mto1' ws.n 1:8 -maaae4 121 ,. M&le4 ooat.£Del' with
& ~ or &~'HlY l/3' ft. 3, Tlw IIIIIX1II.III OCG~\IO\&II
OlIIat1q U. vbUe 10 euoaae4 1 .. 30 lIWmtea. It. v1ll. W<l
be expoee4 to OI-orJ' o)'Ol1zie "We by tbe OD 'tia :Ln Nq
11'" 60 JliDut41 peri44 .ball be ~N i* 30 ~-. 1. l'&ODp. See ~ II: 291OO-312 A,to,ra \
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.. ELECTRONIC DIVISION (G.ftOra~l
I1'MJ:t~"· . Mills .... CDlTllIIL. AVPU&. MljojNUlIOUa II ... I_a \.: ~
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3,5
UII': JUl 1 9 201S
SHE£'[ 2 OF
RELEASE DA~l"L62
1N~INn'UNGI gEPARTMINT SPECIFICATION (HJ §lCO-lI~
r s. We1Pt • lO.' lb.. 1IIAX1J111!11
9. Jzm.~'t • Cae. 5.)
'lnpU'"ture -6,.p + l.6O-,. AcoeluaUoa-lO s'" 1D mr LUnat1Qzl
vt'bratiOil .. 5 to SOO GPI' at 0.036 inch dQu'bl.e capl1twle or
:t 10 s'. vtaicbnezo ~ J.ovu ~.
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 UaLe:
JUt 19 2D13
SHift t Ol'. ~~
I ~ (Genatal)
I~I~ C!!C:!2.~~:~.c!!1!12~_A ~Jlfil~ RILEA.S& DATIL Ali!t1l2. 1~
J ENGIHUR1NG' DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATION OMS - 29lOO - 610 I'" .1
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In!RlIAL Im«lVABIB AIRC1W"l' WK ASBBMlILY
10ft G1i:I9DAL JaLIS ~S GROu:P
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APPROVED I ll-l. m~k,,?d.'~ .. jjJ. .-I BY --11'1-- . Mil.... ~f.IP.~ - \£ ",
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ELECTRONIC DIVISION ta1I!_
Page determined to ba Uncl"lIlt1ec1 Reviewed Chief, ROO, WHS lAW EO 13526, secti. Uste: JUl 19
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SHEET \ i. . OF~c.,";a. __
INGINEERING Ct:PARTMINT .,.ICIFICATIOH--CMS=--....::.?iJ.OOiCZ:.....:;·...:6~lo:.Q _____ _
TAl!U 07 COJ!'n!J!
!'!r5!:Q,~ !tl!.! !!su 1.0 SCOPB • . . . . . . . 1
2.0 APPr.ICAllLI DOOt.IGnI1'S · · .. . .. • to • • . 1.
3.0 HEQUIlIDIlm'S ~
4.0 DlSCltIP'PION • · . . . . 4
4.1 No •• SeClt.1an . . . ,. 4.2 Contar SeotioD 4 4.3 Nl. Sect.1on . . • 01 · · . S 4.4 Inner 1'&Dk Shell Soct1on8 • . . . 5 4., M4i t10aaJ. Stl"u\l'\;'~al Mdlgbltrl • 5
5.0 s~~rs. · · . . 6
t;.o STIIfQ •• 6
7.0 llIWr.DtIJ8 . . • 6
8.0 ~l'I0lf · . . . . 6
9·0 DJLIV'IRY . 6
.......
INClINIDlING DIPARTMINT
L
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526.l;ies:\tio~ Uate: JUl I!I llIt:I
... ' . SHEft W 01=:_\ ... 1( __
SPICIP'lCATIOH "- 29100 .. 6J.o
Cb.o.IlII
ClUmp ·SJa!91OO-6'08" to u~ .. ~ ItUl29lOO~. to "SI2SUOO-699" . ClIaD4e "SX29l00-Gl.2" to SlC291QO 00698-
~te "Aft Gu TaU"
llQlet.e "Aft oaa ~"~ "M4, CoYu' -'''8I:Ip1)J.1e4'' to"iDatGll.a4"
.L4.! Stat4=!~· ~. QO~t:"a~~ 4&.U l»t ~ 1"tspo;l.1b1. tor a4VC' •• ~t ~.t1c. or ~ut'teUDC uia£q t.l'CIa Wloll. 01' dronft c:baraoterin!o ••
to ~ 3.,.7 aM. 3.,.1.1 of MU,-t"7318A..
A44 "l':cv1l1oa IlIIrJ.l. be IIII4e fOI" alte~te uu. ot J.4." 112& ~.
l)el.ete the lI:I:rt11'e lWas:all'
DeU6e 1:.IuI BI1t.izoe ~
De~ _ bU.H ~aph
ClIup "Stat:Loa ~ .. to "Stlr.UoA ,s.l"
J)eJ.da tJ» JlAtUo Pln&z'a;b
CbanaiI "Stat:!.oa 1!6 to st&fltOil :;a.l"
CU:IIp "Stat.1.oD 4G" to St&1i!cna sa.ll•
C2IArIp IIlUre l'D.1'~iJb to lteacl •• FolloII'S: o.rs.tlce vell, tJ:m.1e _ ..,.*= toe aIa1o\I4 ... e1IovIa OIl SX29lDO-M -. 1D91OO.-. C1Iu&e "1bfte to rom-! J "OM tlL'Ia .ta1d.oJl 40"110 "_ bOIl .tat1.OA laO" CIIap BatUe ~ tA lI8II4 As 701l.ona au ltDaa ~ at&tiou laO '\;0 Gate'" or 1De1" tank ..a frca oD'l:er o~ bur f:IIIU 110 nauoa lA.a,.
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INGINURINCI DIEPARTMINT
4.2.8
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 1~R26\jl~QtiQ.n..t.5 Uale: JULI ZUI
................. -.... _-. SHift 1Y Ol W
• ,..C/F/CATIO"'--=291.OO ....... ;:;.Qo;;;:OO ________ -.-I~ .....
ClIa.zIp
Cbanse Eo:tbo ~ to Bea4 ". fQl.l.on: " Iuul&tiOD III Sp&CII betnen 1rmel" taDk ad o\d:u AoJJ. etat10n ;2.1 to ata.t.101llD9.,. IDaulat101l til. ~ betYee tllDC' 'I'.aDt aa4 aleeft ete:b:L0DI 1!0., 110 52.1 &D4 ltattou lO9., to 125.15
~ "Statlcm US.2, to Statio. 109.'
Qup "StattOIl 140 to BtattOll 52.1 n ,Stau.oa u.s.a, to atatlQD lO,)., Clw:Ip "st&'t1oIl US.e, to sta.t.1cm lO9.,
CbazIse "Stat.1C1ZU1 133.5 UIIl 141110 Stniou l.3J;;9Q': G1l4 lA1.38. .
~ JmUre rans:rAJil to l\c04. &I~' F.~ aanon 'IIUUUa4 aIl4 IIOat.1.OC 3011&11 Stat1.oD 1~. 50
Cb&zIp Znt1re ~ to hII4 .e l'oUcval ELeotrl.aal. et::q)U'tIIIInt 8tf.'ttoa. .136.15 to 139.1'
~ btbe r=~1IJIb to RE1114 N tol.lwot n.tctrlOal. CNiiipW'1:I&Itlm ata'ttcu 156 to l~.!10
c-. ht1%e ~ to a.4 &II ro11on, 0U,pp0rll"1Z1S .tat.1~ au ~ GootiOIl. J~ .tatton 110.
ClJazIp ''StALttoD ll8.2, to 8tats.oD. 109.;"
ClIaII8I .. ~ to SaotiQJl"
~ llDtiN Pv~ to Reid .. Fol:.n,:: J'al/:r1oattoa 01 1ImeI' tAU alleU per CE>CI DmnJII SBli$UlO-$8 . .
Add "GGMrol. !UllI., lAo. W1ll .~ &Uo lei", .....
c-. "90 _ to laO 4qII"
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Page detemuned to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
Uale: JUl 1 9 lOtS
, ••• ,' J I
IHE~ \ 1 OF.......;6:.-__ \ El.JECTRONIC DIVISION I"G~ "")
~.- Mills .... __ "'WNIM. ---..a'1, "~A \.: :J RELIAU DATE !Fi1 2, 196!
INGINIIlUNGI DEPARTMENT UlCI"CA",o,.,_...;CMI=_~.;...::.29o:::lOO=--=~-16=1O~ ____ 1~
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1b1. docn:tlllent dldortbee tho dcaf.;n, pel'fo:tlt'Ance &Q4 dIIllVW1 Nqu1:: ..... nt. for the eDlJ1,Dllerins Ad ~lII'1.na: ot aD ~~ :removable a2.:ro~.fi tat u.em~ ,AZII1 the ac~1l& "~Dt. tor Cll)C\IIIIeIltaUOIl.
2.0 .APPLICADI1I DCC\INBIII'.1B
2.1 . CoDteruc. at l"lotchc2' Aviation COl)lOmtlon attended 'bT R. L1nc1q.U1s'O a.n4 J. McGllJ.1~ OIl "Fil 4th and StIZl, 1962.
2.2 QuotaUou bom notClJ1ar COl'pOrAUon (:1.'. Derlaobtor) to (kmeral Mill,. elated JG1Wa.i7 22, 1962.
2.3 BpoC1f1c:ati0D8 MIL-A-85918 an4 MJ:r.-!~7378A.
2.~ Ocnoftl. M1l.la, Inc. 4I'mnp Ito. u: 29100-'12, SIC 29100-608, SiC 29l.OO-609.
3.0~
3.l 'l'be OOlltractor 1a to tNpp~ us_bU .. COD.:lS~ ot the o'Ut<!r 1ImIk or abell, van.O\l •• ~al o1emonta, a.ccc •• =02"11, aDd aa 1nDOr tNIk. roamed. 11l1lluQ; bmDatter tlae ....... w •• w:l.U ixl reforn4 to 1I1~ lUI i.Dnl; allagrol.ll.l .. , or taDk alillCllllblJ. Iaoh tatllr; Ullembl.y v1U conaiat ot three lIubaaaewbli4l" doa1sna~e4 the Da .. MCtion, the cater .. aUem, azul the tA:l.1 .. at.tOD. Cor.ctr":Q'.:.!~:: 3ba1' be ~ Ae to allow ropoata4. 41.8U8ezal:1l)t ot the IID1D taDIC aaaembl;y 1nto t1le '!;brae a\lbu •• blio. Im4 :reaaHmbq. l)estp u4 QODlltwo~ 14 to be 1h A(lQOr~o. "dtA tll. 1'IIq:u1remanti ot W. wrk atatcall.t 1~1l8 l'.tueDca4 port10n' ot tile appl.1ca'ble dOcunenta.
3.2 ~'!Io tMk uaembll' WIhn 1:&J'X'11D& the loUD 4ea1SDOto4 on QOJl4l'T.l I!d..lls, • l:I!.Q. Uaw1Q1 SX 29100-612 Iball be au:l,1;&ble tor tUGht on tJIa l"-lOO, 1.10;" :a-Q;, A-~D, ~ aa4 the USD·, 41'0111!1 .ucrat'ls, 1nc:J.u41n& vreate4 ,land1Ds an4 Q&tIIiLN1~ talCo oft oo.1::1emll, &a4 at lIJIH1b or ~ to 0.9' Maoh %l1.aIbu 1.1: .u level.. lQlIoIl fAotor. no le •• 11ldaamil tlum tboae 1ft MIL-A..B:;91B aDIl MIL~-7378A. ah&U bG u .. L 1'U taDk a •• emW •• abal.l. aatill1'll.otcInq V1thatancl tbe f\1ll. ranae of em1'GJIIMAi;. t.b. above l1..te4 &1l'oz'an an ~.lpe4 'to V1tUt:a1s4. • tloDk aa •• bq _aU 'be a\d.tcL'al.o tor 1D&t&UaUon &1: w1l1& a1iatin 106 021 tbo l'-l.OOD a!rG1"afi;.
3.3 ThIt vetpt. aII4. lac&t1oDl of lOG4a fOr wbicb IDOW:It1I11 :PNrillOD11 ilia" be made an4 1Itd.cb the taU •••• hq ... __ be _ .. blAt tor 0&l'1jy1Z!& an tthow ill
ao_raJ. MUla clN.WSas • 29U1O-'1a.
ELECTRONIC DIVISION
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3,5
Uale: JUl 1 9 lOIS
IHUT. . e, o~_6:.-__
RILUoIII DATE April 2. 19!5a
i . KNIaINDRINtJ DIPAJIn'MINT .PICIFICATION M - 29100 - 610
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3.4 'l'he 11m81' taDk 1. 110 be lu;pJOrte4 III :place aM laaulate4 :h'aa ta. ouhl' akin ~ shoU by tho falllft-lil-pl.aoe 1u\l.laUoli decjplAte4 OD caa 4r1lWln.s !fo. SIC 291.00~2 UAl..I tho CQAvootor's .truct\lnl AIIA~1. revoo.la &Il 1DAdoq\ZC7 in this 1nauJ.a101on. In aw:h cu., tho oo~toS' 18 to not1fY CJeuel'Gl M1118. Inc •
3.; b IllUiIll\lll veiaht of tho tIuIk 4Il4 C/.8HrIIbl71 iualUaUn& tbe outer akill, 411 fltli'uetU2'Gl el.cJlcuta, ACce •• «acra. and. tLU ~ 4escr1bocllD ~ph 4.01 eXGl\ld1ft{1 the Po1'\fU'd au ~ • .Aft (]&a TAIlk, onll Cantor Btl'\lCtwe of tho InneS' Tank, BhGU not exo0e4 32; poUllda. ,
, 3.6 !L'b8 oozrtr&Cltor ebaU ;p=ov1de &ll _tori&le excluatve ot th. ronaN ae.a Tank, J.:tt Oh Tnnlc, onne. MoahAu111111 and COYer, ana. CeDtc1" S~ure o~ the IllDer 'l'0lIk, \Ib1c:11. 1d.U be lI\IPlIl104 1))' GollOr41 IUllII, Inc.
3.7 'l'bo tank &II .... b1J 11 to mot tho roQ,ldl'Olllellts of the toUo-I1118 plu'a.a;ra.pha ot MIL-~-7370A. WMro t'e1'''''o~ in ':;.ho •• pa.l'~}IhII 18 .-de to "tuol tanlc," 1t sbAU be Qoll8trul4 to 1'O.r'1" to the tank uSGlllbly tbG.t 18 the B\\bjeat ot W02'k IltAtomeJ2t. Also, ftQU1l"elIIontll O't rotl1'e1lCeci porl.1ou ot appl1C&bJ.e ~pha a.1.. 11111 tel'" o~ to tbolO tba~ mot if pcnr4et'Od soUd -.1lertal i. =1'104 1J1l1toa4 0: tual and. with DO ~eIIODta mae for bancU111G the pcmlor but only rol' Rol'lDa 1t 11& 'fU';Yins qvanUU,. 111 1Wt :iJUlel' taJsh. 'l'hi1J eltOl.Ui!e8 aU roq,uU'<,1 ,:n~a. ·i;bat l'ooult i'roII tAo JlOGul1ar obaro.cteriatica of ll'li&Ucn ~l ill 001\1I1't14t to the 0hQ.r&ctoI'1I1:1Q. of tile powdDl', 1;bIrt G1'1.. i\-cIIl tirect cont&cll o-r a. loc..l \11th 8DY J;lart 0: tbb skin &.lid 8~\IH aud that &1'110 1'rOlII 1ibe :p1'O'I1110DJ t1\at must be IIIG40 tOI" han4l1J)a :tuel.
3.3, 3.3·1, 3.,.2, 3.~. 3.~.1, 3.4.1.1
3., De.llP' (NoMf1e4) • TanU with 4ocea. acoz. attache4 chl1.ll be lID 41181111.4 .. to DOt aGnIi'b water du:11l6 t'llaht 1n X'&1n and clur1.q: 1IaIiM1~ \)1 hQuins Wi'tll. 'Rtel'. '2!lo tank 41tle1llblr 1nclud11l8 tile ext,,1'1or slc1r1, the otnll.:1rural ol .. I1't', the foau4-1Dooplactt lnllul.oUon .. and the inte1'1or tank sh&l.l cCIGIlJl'iH tho neco.~ I~OnstJs to p1'Ov1d.e &d.equa.~ for combiMd J.tl6da A\ld stren08 &II outUDIel in 1'antIrallh 3.,.6.
j.!i.2 lleiSht (Uo~t1l1d) - ~1. IlhaU bo place4 on u.ooiSl~ to Ct .. to ' the 111btost n1&bt tuIc that will. meet tile requ1relDaillta ot this apec1t1CAtion. '
3.5.6 Wl'1lll 3.,.6 a aII4 1) deleted
3.,.6.1, 3.,.&.2, 3.,.6.,. 3.S.6.~, 3.;·6.5
3. ,.6.6 nth "l.oa4" subetitute4 tor "fUll"
I
J ;
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 Oate: JUl 19 2013
... :.' ., ... . ,
ELECTRONIC DIVISION (Gea.oral') ~IMllls
'U'~RAIo __ '" "'~'I, .. , __ \,; ~
SHut 3 ~ __ 6 ____ _
INGINIERINO DIPARTMENT '1'IX:IJI'ICATIOH_--",CI4S::=._-..:g9lOO~=-_-..:=61=9 _____ \--
. I
......
3.,.~.8 Vi~ "or 1ta 1A~ ~" «e1ete4
3.,.1, 3.'.7.1
3. '.7·2 I'll&ttol' (t104:Lt1e~) - 'l'tIe tank ul.ambq shall be 4a81p04 to ha.ve aA1'e flU'l;tezt aharaotel'b't1cl ~\I4bOUt the epee4 an4 nlt:i:tua. I'D."~ end tor all .'Utudel azullMMuvera 'llhiclt the CL!rc:L,&n will ;portw. .. With tbo tanll: Ltl8taUe4. J'ull and ~ 11ltcn'n:1J. tank con41 t10Da as vall ... l)artl~ tull, levol n!cbt con41't1ou Ib&l1 be cona1dored. III a4d1t1on, fOr partl~ tuU col:l4itLona, tIw tonari cedOJ' ot ~av1~ co2l41Uoa e4118e4 b7 &1.1 the locId IIOviDS .t'ont&N &D4 tile aft center of pvt. c&usecl. by aft shift o~ the :w.d, . aItall be colls1dered. In tU event tbA.1I the aee1p appears to hIlove lw nutter Rpccda 01' 1IJ/U's:Lnal flutter lIatety clue to cdVC7:=O %'roql.lel1C7 ratioa J G.tnoral MiU ... Ine. chc.ll bo 1nf'otmGd of' thL. bo:f.'.)re !ul~ wrk 1s c&U'.rh'Cl on. ~ut COIlt.rU.~t.ol' abAll DOt be nepona1ble tor flutttlr ;p1'ObleIaa art.illS tlI'OIIlI1lon O~ t\lZ'Qr.J.1't cban.otor.tstiu.
3.'.7.3, 3.6, 3.6.1 (lolodit1oc1). DelAto "r1vet1na; throusb the ta12k wall. eIIall. DDt be pcma1tte4".
3.6.2 (Ho4lfie4). Delete secoDCl Gel11itrD<:e.
3.7 Pertonal100 (MocU.!1e4) - 'lt1e taU "' •• 0111~ IIb4ll oa.tiB1y the porfol'IIIMC:e roqu11'C111rlrrt,1 ot ~ 3.1.3 (Mo41t104), 3.1.1 and 3.7.8, b·,.t ta.~ to 'tho" req,\I1l'oMntl 1& DCt nq,u:Lrctd 'by We work Iftatemel1~'
3.1.3 (Mo41t1ed). Del.cte "or mane. of J.eakase".
j.7.7, 3.7.8, 3.8, 3.B.l, 3.8.1.1, 3.10' (Ho41t1ed) - Dolote "8114 waR" fl'OlI :t1nt l1ne.
3.lO.1 (Mo41f1e4) - Dctl.ne "plua" n-om l1ne 7 aDd. delete "OIH;(lj.utc:)'
lWI 8 'Gbru 12.
3.12
~.".l l!lDm11l8.t10D of ho4uct (Mo41ftod.) - Each tAnk ua01llb.l;r t;hall be eXlllll1ne4,'lIO 4eteftdM confOl.~ nth aU tho ~~e aIlClmod1ti.C4t10na ot ;par1l6ftlllha of MIW-7378A hereu 1l.t04.
, ,.2 Cluo 2 ~ (Ma4tfi04) - AU Clue 2 tuka unle •• otborw1ao
SlIIc1:N.o4, aJI&ll. 1» packed 1ll tIOO4eI1 era .. eonf'01"II1DC to S~1:t'1cat1oD m-c-9437 01' .q,uival.dt 18 at ~t.1 .. ~ 1 oGdl. Convar,- to the ~n't. of JClL-C.~37 I:» AQlaa on reflu:I.P4, DD 141mt1t1cat1QJl II&1'ldap aD4 110 1:e1ltll are reqUired •
1.
~: ELECTRONIC DrVISION ----.... CIH"""" "v .. w, 111 ....... _ ...... --..,.'" --' ___ "'-
Pilge determined to be Unclassified ~.vlew.d Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
Uilte! JUl 1 9 •
. , .. -
---------------
I ENGINEERING DIJ"AI'tTMIENT
l' i I I
I ! , I , .' I I
I ! I
I f
I ! 1 , ,
J !
!
.......
'l'he toIIk GllIIeIII~ V111 ooD81,t ot tho foll.ow:LlI& IID4 v:r.u tJSOOr,pOrato 8t1'UCtunIJ. provi110D8 ~ eq\d,pnent to b. lIIO\lDta41
4.1 HO •• Seat1cD
~.1.1 '1\1.\'b1ne GeDora.to1' S\lP1I01"t IUDS Statton 13
4.1.2 '1'VO ,Agoo .. J)oo;oa AZI4 FranIe.
4.1.3 ~ad. lA hQll'G &D4. Aft 0-: Fo:rvar4 0&1 ~ Statlollll 22.S &134 afltluort. 30.'
4.1.4 au ~ Attachm., JUGa 8tat1On :aB.!S
4.1. ; !IWt&lloUOZl ot JWtIILnl au faDk
It.,1.6 Xnn.l.aUoD bG1MMrl FortftU'\1. au fuk lIII4 OIlter Sbell t..a VOlo4li41 Enolo .. a ~ ~IIAI.
4.1.7 ~AOMta to 1I~'t. Valvel6 Prel.m"* 1lapl.&1:oZ'a, ~.
4.1.8 Se,*on J01,at Mill StaUOll 1.&
4.1.9 Bl.eatrto&l Coll4uit NIIl au LiM trOIII F01WZ'cl. ot au S'nnk to Aft ot OU !razIk
4.1.10 O~teJ' Shell ANCIIII~ Statton 13 to Stat.tOD '"
4.2 Cantor S.c:t1oa
lIo.2.1 Section Jolllt &114 IJmOJ' 'ranIc ~ RlDa atatioD 46
4.2.2 Na£D SIlp,pOl't S1Inwture IDCl1.llU.Di Luc Atta.olIIIIeDt.16 Sw.y ~. &D4 ..,eCl1lo1oD.ANaI, &D4 ~rt lI1J1S1
4.2.3 O1'1t1ce YoU an4 J'rame
It..2.4 1'hna 1/a" D111111rter OcIDII\I1ts - 0. ho:I StaUOIl 110 to Statton lat..;, .. SeCOM troll ataUOD uJ.., to a St&Ucm Su1t4blA m Ua~lJ.aal Connec1:tOll Pnlv181cme, u4 & ~n 1':Ir.'Ia St&UOJl J.aI..~ to the ~:s.ce Well •
f.
• : .. ". I
-
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526, S.c\ioo 3.5 LJate:
JUl 19 201! , ..
SHIIT. 5' 0,,_6 __ _ ELECTRONIC DIVISION rO.a.. .. ")
..,...".._1 Muls I'''~ AvtIHUI, ... ...--.. II. Jo4I"'~A '\,. ~
INGfHEERING DItPAIt1'MINT 1P'ItC1P'ICATlOHi.--=GMB:=-_-~§¥:lOO::::.._-..::6l.o=----'----1--I
".2., COftMcW~ W.ll.. eollUato2.-I, &114 Well COYer tot' UIIb1l:f.O&l ComaecUOIl h'Oftl1ou
4.2.6 au t.1.De. bOIl Stat10n ItO to center ot %:a:Atr !auk an4 b'OIII 8t&~OIi la., to III4a ot Irmer 'l'aDk
4..2. T tlUtaUa'UOft ot IIIIIaJ:' ~
4.2.8 Insulation in SpAQI 1letw .. n Imw1' TaDk e.D4 OIztv Sb.DlJ. Station" to StatioD'll8.2,
4.2.9 aecUO¥! Jo1D't a.n4 IJIDU' 'lank .A.tto.cllmout B1nc Sta.t1o~ US. 2$
It-.a.l.O 0uteJ' bll .A.'I~ stA'tlon Ii6 to StaUon us.a, 4.3 '1'&11 Sect£=
4.3.1 Sect£on 'J'o1Dt a1118 Station llAe, . 4.3.2 !rw ".ce ••• l)Qol'l aDC& 1'1' .. 1
4.3.3 ~ 81. tor Actuator Stationa 1.33.5 _ lJJ1
4.3.4 l3ullcI1ead fol'lllU"4 ot Aft GAS 1'eIIk ~t.1.0D 159
4.3. , .A:tt au '1'AIIIc 8UFrt Rins Stat1011 19a.;
4.3.' InataUat.1Ol1 of Aft au Tank
4.).7 InlQlAUOJ& ill. S~. be'MloD Aft au ~ ana outer Shell 8taUOIl 159 to Station lOa '
4.3.8 JrMIcot8 to Support V&l.v",u. Prea.\IZ" ResuJ,atorl, aDd Eloc:trlael. Component. in An CoJl.PU1;aleD1l
4.3.9 OUter SU11 Aa"DlI8tatlon 118.25 to Station 100
4.4 Izmer Ta:lk SMll 8.cUe_
4.4.1 rabr1.cat1= r4 TIIO Sec'UoDe 01 XADu kU Dell :per CJJ4t Dl'&w1DP ax a91OO-608 &ZIIl 81: 29l.OO-609
4., M4i t:tona+ SVucWftJ. MellbeI'II
4.5.1 _ SWUotu.1 JlatafDi-a __ D1I MaII'be:'. :t~ M41libn to ~B. ' Liltea. in 4.1, 4.12 &Q4 ~.3 Ybic1l 111&1 be .. p ... , tD OdeI' m ... l'L\IIJc Aa~ to Ma.t tba 81'10U1.4 I.oa41Zl8 IID4 7ltaht COD\UUoaB
~~------------------------------------------------------.....
i
I,
I, I
j
II
. ,.-
Page determined to be Unclassifl8d Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS JAW EO 1J526. Section 3,5 Uate; JUt 1 9 201 ,
--'--1 SHUT. § '",~~6__ I ELECTRONIC J;)IVISION
" ENGINEERING DEPARTMIIHT Sl'ECIJrJCATION QMS - 29lOO - 61.0
.. I ....
!1'hreo copi.a ot tbo ~. ot ~ '@U'aC'tU1at1ca of tb. tank aSH\ll.b~ ahall be .\lppl1e4 G.~al. M1lla, 1M. 110\ l.csaat tau &!.Ja prior to • rurmiD& ot u,y .~ to.ta. OJ: at least 10 d.I.YII botore IIb1pIent ~ tbe fira. ttem to o.ural M1lle. IM.~ 1IbiclleVer 11 IQ'l1eJo. b a~a18 ahall 1ncl.1.I4o:
!ILl A lilt ot 1oa4iDS con41t.1.oDII cona14orec1 'b A lilt ot fm'3 Ug~ODI IlIII4e a 1'01"IIIUlae CLn4 equationl uo4 with 8OUZ'Ca N1'~.nco. d Actual. calculations e 1IabulaUon 01' roaul.ta
I.oa41llI CIOalUt1oM 1lOa.1c1erecl in the .tl'\lcturOol ... ",.10 erc to include, in ~tion to tJlOl:'t1a loW. aoZ'O~c draI •• ide l.oQcSs, VItl't1oal loads. 1'1 tah1118 ma.Dt l1li4 110111 DIS 1I!DII\e1:i1l.
6.0 'l'J!:Smo
.Rcquirem&ata for to.t1%11 VUl. bo IIII4c the IUbJt'lat of Q separato vorl: atAtamen1h
A :repro4uc1 blca ad. 'bW Jl%'iDtll ot eGch I14Q0111bl¥ AD4 dll'tllJ.l pan t.ll"4V1~ 1'or the tII.= alD~ 4W1ll tta conR1tueut .. aaeabllea and ;pang ahall. be su1:autte(. to GoDOrCLl MUll t1ttoen ~ attar 4al1vol')" of tIM ha.:rdVaJ."Il. !I.'be 4nl.w1* ~ clqiat the final 4edlD ccm4ttlQn of the b&z'dIota.re auppl1ed.
l'tao top aaaomblvr 4:rav1Zlj1 ~ \Ie v.ppr0vc4 _ 'b:f QaDCI:r&l J.liu.. In~.
8.0 DlSP!l':TION
GItIlm%'Cll MUls, Inc. ehalJ. have the riGlt. to llOni.;ai' at any ~~ l.c~M( 10.1 1.'UDl ot the contract &114 the 4el1very ot the lIA1"l111QZ'O, the fal.n'!cuT..Lo .• o~· ~a, })I'6CCDOOI, ualllllbl¥ werle, and &nl teaUna :rtIg,u!n4 to be 4O~J thin IIOIUW1'1Zl/1 to be 4Im4 tb1'O\l8Jl .. rep.roael1tatin dedaaatocl ~ GeDltr.J. JoUUa, Inc.
9,0 l3LIVIRY
'laU &08embl1 •• ordered tbll. be 1Ih1P»84 to (JeDlral. HU.la, taco wt:abJ.ra 90 ~ ot Z'OCoi1'1l ot or4e1'.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
lJate: JUt 1 9 •
I .:._.
- (oetial",) ELECTRONIC DIVISION I Wi Is
II&._AWN .... MI __ II, ".-.A \.: ~ REl.EASE DATI Aw1.1 3. 19§2
! ING1N~NG DEPARTMINT
t I
I
! j
r .{
I' I'
I I \. I
I I
j
II T
"
•
SPEC1PlCATIONI_~OMS~..gcJliiIl.1I:lilCOOIt,;;-X611."""' ______ l-·
I 1-----1-11--"-' --'---=-' ----1---1-
~--~.-!!-------------4---~--I-----i---I-----------.-----I-~------~--~-------·---------------I--------~
1-----1---1--, -------.------I-i l IICIO NO. JUN. "aMAIlICa c)ATC ,"IT.
I ..
ELECTRONIC DIVISION ("" Mberall a_"., i Is II 11&' -...nw.A_ .. "":I'I~"" III_a \.. .JI
l.INGIHAJillNG DIPARI'M£NT 8,ICtPlCATJOH
.. r , , • TABLB or COliTDl'S
I PIu·D.la~ ID3:! 1.0 SCOPS. · · · · , · · , 1.1 acOl)e · · · · · · · · · · · · I 1.2 Cla •• U'1eatlol) · · · · '. · · 2.d APPLICAntl DOCu.m:ti'lB · · · · · · 3.0 RJ\QUla!to1EN'ftI · · · · 3.1 COIIIpOJ30nta · · · · · · · · 3.1.1 Ram Air 'l'Urbi lie · · · · · · · 3.1.2 OeD01"lltol' · · · · · · · · · 3.1.2.1 Voltaae RlI;ulAtor · · · · · · · 3.2 StAndar4 Pu~. · · · · · · · · j·3 MAterial aD4 Process •• · · · · 3.3·1 Proteot1ve 1':'oa'tllllnt aM cO&t1ns'· . 3.4 nelf.tpl an4 COllltructf.on • · · ].4.1 Opel'll.~on · · ... · · · 3.4.1.1 Opel'll.1il~ Sp"cl · · · · · · · · · 3.4.1.1..1 OVer.pee4 • · · · · · · · · · · · 3.".1.2 m.reoUOft of aoto.tion · · · · · ~.4.2 J;AlaDCe · · · · · · · · · · · · · 3.4·3 Lub1'1o&tlOft · · · · · · · · · · 3.4.4 Cona.ctore · · · · · · · · · · · 3.4., 8t.n1c~\lZ'e · · · · · · · · · · · · · 3.".,.1 MollnUns hovla.ona · , · · · · · 3.4.$,2 Ovel'11pee4 :rnwsr1ty , · · · · · 3.11.. ,. 3 Ult1mate Structural LoB4 · · · , 3.' J>ortol'l1lll.tlco · · · · · · · · · · · 3.'.1. RAt.lnp · · · · · · · ·
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
·
Page determined to be Undassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 135.26. Seclion 3.5
wate: JUl 1 9 D
SHUT: 11 ~ Hi
FlEL.Eo\H DAn. AEl.3. • gr§.i2;L~.Gl. tOT,
Page Bo.
· · · · · l.
· · · · 1.
· · · · · · · 1
· · · · · · 1
· · · · 2
· · · · · 2
· · · · · · 2
· · · · · · · 2
· · · · · · 2
· · · · · · · 2
· · · · · · 2
· · · · · · 3 , · · · · 3
· · 3 · · · · · · 1 · · · · · · · 3
· · · · · · · 3 · · · · · · 3
· · · · · · oJ! 3 ! I 3 · · · · · \ · · · · · · · 3
· · · · , , ::;
· · · · 3
· · · · · · 3
· · · · · " · · · · · · ;~
I "
,
j 3.,.2 .u t.1 t~-Tem:PoJ'l.tur. Lim1 t. to .. ' Operati ng · · · · " • 3·'.3 DZ'q · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 4 3.,.4 InVil'Oblllent · · · · · · · · · · , · · · · · · 4 3.,.4.1 TcIIIpel"Gtul'e Shock · · · · · · · · · · · · II. 3.,.4.2 Sol-t SP1'II.)" · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ~
3·'·~·3 ShOck · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5 3.5.4.~ Sand aCId Duat · · · · · · · · · , · · · · , 3.,.4., KtlIU4f.tv · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 5 . ,.,.4.6 P\lqua · ~ · · · · · · · · · .' · · · · · , 3.S.~.7 V:l.lInt.10D · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • · • · · · 3.;.4.8 IDv 'l'eIIperature Start · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 7
li ....... _ ... r
l t:
ELECTRONIC DIVISION r!2tal"",) ~ .. _- I Mills
, ... ~ .. --. .. _,a. __ .. \.: ~
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROO, WHS JAW EO 13526. SegtiQo •• .6 lJate: JUL 1 9 3)1
SHift iii 01': 111
~ INCIINI-.ING D1PARTMINT
. . I I
.. "' ...
3.' ••• 9 3·'·' 3·'·'·1. 3·,·,·2 3.'·'·3 3·'.,·~ 3.'.'·' 3.G 3.7 3.1\ 3·9 3.10 3.U
11.0 4.1 4.1.1 ".1.2 ~.1.2 • .L "'.1.2.2 4.1.2.3 4.1.3 4,1.3.1 4.1.3.2 4.1.3·' 4.1.1j. It.a 4.3
5.0 ,.1
a
I1.1~
liiJlh 1'tqIerature Start • • • • • • • • Qen.l~'a.tcl' P~Il':CoI"1IIIol'-'lO • •• •••• tlav. tON ... • • • • .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • Bbori C1rcu1't Ca:pac1ty ••••••• UQbIl.Gnce4 IDD4 ... .............. .. OeMJ'atol' Cool1D4 • • • • •• ••• Volt&ao ftesuJ,aU<m • • • • • • • • • Interchall,lOallll1 t.Y • • • • •• .,. !b'aV1nce .. .. .. • • • ... .. ........ Weilh'll or ~1:t Ublt • • • • • • • 140Bt1:1'1ce.Ucm ot Pl'VlIUoil •••••• Sczoev 'nINII4e • • • • • • Wol-kIIa.nabili .. • .. • .. .. ..
. .. .. ~
· · · · · · , · , · · · · · · ·
· . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
~tJALtTr ASSVHANCJ: PROVISIONS • • • • •• ••••• Accep1;AllCe Tons .. .... ............... • Accurac~ ot Data .. • .. • • .. .. .. • .. " .. .. • .. • • .. i1eat Concl:L U01'UI ... ..." ............... •• 0gel'at.1.ne; ~It Con41t!OIll ••••• " • • Jfo~~ .................................... .. Generator Loada ...................... II .. . '1'a.' Me~ .. .. • .. .. .. .. • • .. .. ... • ...... . ~ ".... • ••••••••• III •••• III
Oovemlll • • • • • • It • • • • • • • • • • • • III III
Yoltoae a.l"l&tlOD • • • • • • • • • III • • • • III III •
actJoct10Q AD4 Iletell'\ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Qual1t1cat104 ~.tl ••••••••••••••• Jte,part.a III" • • III • III III • • • .. • • • • • III • • III
PmAM'l'XOJr P'OB l1Iz.tVIDr • • Paokal1DC &Il4 P&cldll8 ••
'" '" • • • III III • •
... No.
,1 7 7 7 1 6 '. S a 6 8 8 9 9
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 5)
9 10 10 .LO 10
ll. U
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•
1.0 sca
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526, !i.oUem 3.6 lJate:
. , .... JU~ 19 201S
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AILD8I DA·rE.J,~.£1l. 3. 1*
SPKII'lCATION~-..l(lic::l'i:I.-;;;I!2911oi10111l1OOa.;·6 .. 1 .. 11o._._~---
1.1 ~ - 1h1a specU'1catiOD CO'lOrrJ the l'CCluf.1'eIIeata tol' .. ft1I 611' d11,VOIl gonttl:'&w. sp.c1t1oal4', ~ Gl'Oc1f1oation pcrtalu to .. \ID1't .111d.lu to the
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A1l.1.on DtY1eiOD o~ Oene1'al Motc2'1 Oorporat1on, Mod8l G.U2IIOI..ga. , ,
1.2 ClaCa1:N.ca.!j0n - 'l'tae S8ntraw:: uaOlllbly cowsf.a't. of IL raa .. ~ turbiae a .... blr ai'iv:l.l1I II Ii. IvA ;e.QCl'&tol.' inten4e4 tor \ItIe u .. pl'111U'f POV8to 'O\U'CIe.
'l'ho toll.ow1na doCUlD8~' of the dnte apecit11d .bAll tOI"ll1 a parl of taU. apecU1C4t101l to the extent ,pGc11'1e4 he~'e11l1
BllOcU'1 cat1c>!l8:
l£DVironracntAl TorsUns, ACIJ'onautica.l UIl Mlloclatcd Kq,u1:pment, Oonor41 s,ecific:utJ.on tor, 4a.ted 16 Soptcmbor 1~2.
(Jcmeratora olnd Re8ulAto~'1I t Mrcoc104 /I.-C I Aircl·u.f't GeDOral. SpecU.'1aa.t.ioD tor I clAto4 a~ Mtt.I'uh 19 ST.
SCl'l)V '1'u'COodG, Bt&ndtn'4 Opt1ra\lll Selomd Senna, Oone1'a1 8peo1t1calot.on tor, c1I.ted 3 l)ooembor 1959.
1l.ow,1.cc.l. PQvcn-, Alroratt Ch&nl.cter1r.tl0G or, clAtell ;,,7 lolay 19;;.
DraVing", l<ns1neor1.nB aDd. A •• oolaW4 !l'aatu, ~~4 1 J\llT 1.9~.
Icklnt1tlca.t1on J4ArldJ21' ot U. s. Mf.l1ta.zo:1 Prope~, dated a Septaber 1958.
MIr..am..alOA,Cha.l Cl:1lla.tto bVlIlII8. for M111tar1 Equ1plwmt 4&W 30 Ioy .. ~r 19,s •
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
Oate: JUl 1 9 2013
ELECTRONIC DIVISION .H~~2 __ -QO"~~M=-__ _
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'3.1. Csonent •• The ~:r.w ua.~ sh.aU COJW.tR oE .. ria aU turlADIt 4r1ve. UD1t ooupld 1;0 .. u"aoo vol'll" IlOO 0ll8, 3-Jba .. , 11111 oo=eete4 ~t,:,~ •.
3.1.1 Baa Ail' !l'urb:tM • ~. NIl ab turb1De alWJ. be .. t1Io bla4e ldt vf.'bh a .e1t-aoQ't.a£=eao lIIiIlChii&ilC:ir pcarnor. b govC'IIOr ahAU be boule' In. the t\l&'bd.u spinner h4 aat to ohaD/I8 tho turbUe 'bla4a pi tah to II'A1BtatD the ~tor rpa be1IwGen u.~ an4 J.::!,goo ~. .
3.J..2 CJenontor - ~. ~tor IIhaU be ratQ4 at. 4.5 It'/.A. at .15;p(NV faGtar aall a. I1OIIf.nal n'/aoo volta. !!he oloctrical c:ha.raater1l1't1ca of tile p1Wl' .. tor Ihal.l. be :L4itntlc:a1 to ~ AlUaon *4ol GAl24<Ht··92 ,Inor&tor ua_bly. 1210 . genentor .hall be 1II4e 1.11' or .. 1Iha-ee-phA •• , II",.." OCmleCW nator OM Co '0111111-1.11' pe~t ~ %'Gten-. UI4 it abAll bav. IIQ bx'WIhI" allp l'1Il11, 01' rotor v:LD41~. 1b. outpl.\t volta~ cbBll be ocntl'Olle4 ~ .. soJ.:L4 atate voltaae 1'e~l&lM.tar.
3.1.2.1 VoltM! ReQ!l4'tD1' - ~e voltllse nsulAtoJ' ah&ll be • BOllA otato 4ev1.".. '!be 81ltln voltGaa ~lUl&tor .11IUf4bl,y ahaU 'bo onuapsulAtcd itl a u&t8d.1ol 4allipt;.i to VithltM4 the ODV:l.l'OllJIlItIltal c:oDCU.ttOrll ovU1Mt. 1D m..a!l.'l).21OA~. 1. 'l'bG voltop. ~l.atol' III1all bO Muaecl. 111 a. moiltur.-P'Qat aonta1ftltl' GuJ.tG~ 1\~r l/XIUI&t1ns OA a tlat b.e4t collClucUve amac.. 1'ho ~cal ~Otll' of t.i2e rttpl.ato:r IhIJJ. ~11 8X0114 * tol.low1ll8~
t.cmath. - five IIoDcl o,.-fol.lZ"th iDOhea WH.th • tbreo an4 one-l:I< 1DCbo. Jlgl." . tb.ree 112Cbe.
'l'Jla _1sbt of tho nf3Ul&1Iol' IIhIIJ.L not exccel1 tbne po1.lQ4a. A BtD41x Sc:1Qtlex P/tf lO-4aaaO-7J' t1llO OOIllloeCJto:r Iball be \\1.4 to ~oloiI DeCilo1&l':Y electrLeal UOIUlIII:'t1ollll.
3.2 8~ PIu1:. - AM GlI4 MB .~a. pm'ta IIIIAll bo I:IH4 WGrG au1tGl)lc tor the :pur»oee. b •• parta abll be icleDt1fie4 b:r tb4I lli:an&r.rd. pa.I"tI nlolllLbor.
3.3 Maunal 4114 Pmce .. ol - TIle _terlalJa 4D4. proce .... \lAe4 GbU be ot hlp qUAUt)', .lI1tAiiIe & tII.e »ur,po", _ Iball ooft1'O:n& to ~ o]jllla1fih~" t.1.ODI when qJJtl.lca'ol.e. *_1'1&1 cont:mll1ll8 W AlUaon 01' AM8 l]jlllait1QAUcma IliAI 'be Uled. Apprrwe4 uterlala 01' 1)1'0<:80808 IIball be ____ tala 01' J)X'Oua .. UM4 111 ~ tll&llIoIfaGWA of 1M unn 1dI.S.aIl pa .... *e otftC1&l q1&l1f1oa1lt01l tel' epea1t'1e4 !I.-a 01' UtI nlMet.umrt.l¥ e.ppzove4 tUo\II1& ... ta'f.al. ......
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROO. WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 uate: JUl 19 •
'SHIa: l '.DfI._U=-__
3.3.. hot.ctlY11 'P.!&~t. and Ce&tly' • All pIZ'ta zwa1l til 0CIQ8tQ1I 00Ilt&C'l nth 011,' a.cep1l1lWldJII autftcU, tLi'.adII, or 41"1.,. ~ face', sIl&ll be COftOI1oD re.tatan ~ n1 tab1¥ l>Z'O'tecrt04.
3.4 DealS &n4 CoPOOstiou
3.~.J. OIlerati01l - .. PJUtrat.or .... ~ ]IC'OV1a.. electrioal. povu, be:lQS driVIIIl by meGZIa or a'ra &1,.. turbine GOtUllattns ot bla4e" hub, 8p1DMI', £l:l&n, A04 & t~-lArlaht. apd11l &DV8l"1W' w1eh 1IIIIJ.ntailllS appl'OlC1-.teq CQl*taDt rpm lIlY CQlltl'Oll1D8 bl.II4e pl11ch.
3.4.1.1 ~m1l111& P;ri - 'l!w :ram &1r twbino govortlOr &ball 'bt C&JIablo at IllAf.n\a1n1ns '\ur 118 a~. Wiib1D 't.hw raup gt u,400 to l2.900 rpII <Sfk>-4.30 cpe) Uh4er 8'teAq 1tat4 ope~t1ns cOD41t1ona V.l.tI11'm!I D11' 1Dl.e1l velocitiea v1th1~ tM l'IUIID ot 300 to 650 K!l'AS &'1; an a1 t1t\lCla of' 500 ten.
3.4.1.1.1 Over •• DurtDS load trAQll1enta II.rl4 d\U1.D{t atU'tlce: tb.e 1'8 . ail' tlll'b1lW 8P'f8~ lIII.1ut&J.n tur~l\G apood wJ.tlI1D the mnse at 1.0,800 to 13.,ao rpa {3!36-4.50 opI). Follov1ns & loa4 t.rD.naient or ltan1na, .~ ltat. Q],'IORt1on abA1l be •• ta'cIU0e4 v.tthln 3 IUlCO!ld.S.
3.4.1.2 P&1'ec:t10D ot Rotation - ~n Viewed trora tho rllllZ the direction ot rotat.iOD of thi &ill' tul'1:1ne ImI!. t&I alternat.o:l' 1Ih&ll 'be counter-c:l.ockW'.l.ae.
3.t..a ~ .... IIIDOW1t of urobQlGnce or rotatl111 compollCt.a ci\All UOIi ao..Jtl 0.01 0.. 1G. .
3.4.3 tubncat10n - AU lubr1ellot.ioD. palD't.1 IIh&l1 be i'~Ilu,- l.ubnQQ.te4 Got &I"~.
3 .... 4 CollJllatol'D" 'lb. eJ,ect1'1cal c:onllGatarli on th8 ._n.tolt shall ~G ~B ~ 011 till O&'ne dr.Villl, (CI4t S1Cil9100-Oo3).
3.4., Structure
3.4.5.1 Moun1Ji!'llZ hgV1sJ.OM ~ Oel'lerator 1lIOUDt1ns ~nou aball be aa sbow on the out.ll:oo cl1'av.l.ns, (om: SKP.91CXJ-603)· '
3.4.,.2 Ovor.;pee4 I"I.eE!1:l .. b unit Ih&ll 'be c&;I&ble o:! operation .. , l5OCO .,.. rol' a. :pe~oa ot ODI I'IiDUa "11th M ~V\l.PU'l lca4.
3.4.~.3 ny.Structural.~ ~ 'l1I.e pIIImtol' at u4 ita 1IIOUlIUni 11"0-vi.lon IbaJ.l be c o~ vttha1:Aft4tnc lUI. lIlt_te acoell:r:atlOJl of 110 ,'e pcallal t.o 11M \IIO\lDttlil ... aII4 &lona tba tao ...... " •• ut. aD4 a I1l1Nl:t:c.uoua4' ~R ioU- lau 4ft.I ... 4 \ZpDa loa abo .... of 800 DI IAI. '
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 lIate: . _. ~__ __. .~~_l_ 1 9 201
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ELlECTRONIC DIVISION .. I'IIL1:A8I DATE- .l\Pljl 3. 19$
IIPIICIPICATION_";-IiIC.;;:-29x:l.OO~.~·6uz= _______ _
3·)·1 ~ - ~ l'8rtomanee rAtings' abe.ll. be .. fbllgw,
§tanIL\'£'d CODdiUODS
Atrspeod T\.uoblno Boto1' Blectrlcal IDa4 PowI' Ratl!?1 1$1, EAS §W4 !l!! XVA '~l1l'1.l 1Putor
Co"Uzwou. 300 :.. Sso 12,000 4.; .1' Conti tlon I 300 - 650 12,000 lO.O .6, Conti tlon II 300 - 650 12,000 4.8 .0;
DurSD/llXIWW trUlienta .. })eAk loacl aa deftJlOCi b.1 Con41t1on I lItall be pcl'll1tt.4 fWl' ;0 11l11.11aeCOD4a :followed by .. aecoadAz.'7 10&4, Con41tlcm II, til. durAtion o~ wb1 ah sIaAll not exctCecl 12 altcoDd".
3.,.2 Altl~ - tlQratlU.'e LfJ41tll for cera.tln" _ 'l!uI ICD8l'ator aIUJOfa~ uhAU a capable 0 opera aD at ill iil"tltudoa tvuen ... levol and 11·5,000 fQot llre .. Ul'a-altituWr, at all 41rapeea. betweeD 300 and 650 I:tI W, GD4. tbroW&hOut ~ tompOl'aturG rani" apec1fbd 11l MIL-EI'l'I)ro2l.OA cq. 1..
3. 5.3 !?!.¥ - 'l'be ch'a& force of the rant 81r tt.t.rb.1ne pzI01'AtOl.' ~Al.l iJG ~~u 2I1n1Bul val.\IO eompaUb1e with aao4 turbine 48al", t.G4 1a no cae. sbAll 1 t dOeK lOO lb.. &\ 650 Kt. EAS.
3.5.4. Znvi&'Olllt.llnt - The 't'O!II 1111' tu.l'bine :aoel'a.tor 1lha11 be ~pal) ... e .,r vuccll1S the req\\lrGlaeni. ot ~ !J.l.3 after be1bi' aub,1eate4 to the envi.r.>l\IolCIn'tt'.l teats ot ,PIU'ap'aplui 3.5.1 •• 1 tbro~ 3.,.1 •• 9 •. Zowvar, toat1DG to llI&r~·Q,p1I. 3.5.4.1 thl'OUCh 3.5.1!..9 1s not l'ft'l!.f,rea. 1'! pr8V1.ous ;1'&111 id.l' t\l&''b1na ger.erl1t",,. units 01 e1l111lAr de.liD and. matGr1als have p&e ..... ifl ••• tOgts.
3.5.4.1 ~r&tu.."'e Shock. (Ret. ParA. 4.3.1 or Mr.....1!:-5Z12) - 'rhll t.Ul'b1no ~nordor QIIGOII i!iiiifi be CQ&bl.e ot be11'l8 subjocted to (3) ~tGllIP9l.~\U'e c;yc:Loa C0DII1atiDl ot feU (4) bo'IIH 11'1 ... cb.amber 1IIQ1Dt&1ne4 .~ U4 :tOUI: (4) la.)uro 1n .. cbGIIbor IIIA1ntc11nc4 A~ .Jt.04l Vith a ~ (4 fl.". (5 nu.taa beWMn teJi1p11.'at.we c:hat:Ieve. Within 0l1li (1) hour ot cCll!P1at1cm of 1Ib1. ta , tbe ." ,hu.ll W c:Q.pabl.ll ot IilHttllS nq,ull'8lllltllta o~ ~ 4.1.3.
3.5.4.2 S&l.t lJ])ril- • t.urlxtl14l SlneNto.\' ... _~ Mall be aapuhl. ot 'bei1l6 aub,1ctotel 'GO. fro ''lP~ tut. wtd._ .eta • aoauUou ov.'UM4 111 ' ~ 1 •• 6 of HlI.-I-52'7i. 'lhe t.eR pu:l,od IIbaU. be tor .. t5\1J'&t1OD of UlO ... a.t .. toIIpra'ure ot 9;41'. Upan a~on of the tea' tIM ." 82aa1J. pue • requl1'Gllllnta ot PUaara»h 4.1.3,
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3,5 IJate: JUl 1 9 201S
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3.,.4.4 SA114 and Du.~ - 'l!le t\l¥"blnc pnenllor 4:J._~ abaJ.l bel CGp&ble ot betn, placed. in • te.' chom'ber o.n4 lJubjllct414 to .. eane! dUll" COIlCamt1'AUon tOI' six belA'/h !lbe coll41t1ona in the teet ctI.aIa\)Qr .AaU be .u toll,aoflU "
A. Tbo rcla.t1vlt hUl:l141t7 shall. not exoell4 30 percGJlt. b. 1'ba 84ru1 d.Ullt coneontr.r.tiol1 llhall be l.'aj oQl), t.o ""Ill
lAId'II'tGlu4 at O. 3 1:0.2 jp."OIIIiII pel' cv.bLe :root. o. 'DI,e lnte:mal temperat.n sholl be 'rfI t]Op. d. 't'I''I gaM an4 d.wst lA4c1l rilr .,c:la=i~ IIohall bet 100
to ;00 feet POl' 1II1111.lte.
~ aan4 a.n4 duot m'lxtw:'e Ihall ho.vo tbo ~Q:'O.ctor111t1ea ouutnbd. in po. .. -e.sraph ".U.l of M!L-Jl-~2. ~1. to.t IhIIJ.J. be :repeaM4 with Gn lr.ltQrDAl t.,.l."&t.UN of lkJO t)OV. ~ UD1t 1lhAU, lUG tIw zoequf.~D ot ~ 4.1.3 u:poft CCIIIqJle't1OI2 01' tIl1G teat.
3. '.4. ~ X\l1JI141~ - ':tho ~urb11l11 ISCnerc.tol" AIIIQlllbly IIbal.1. be co.;pn.b.l.o 0'£ bef.DS plaoe4 111 a aldta'O~ot abIImOeI" (pel' p&1'6jJra.ph ~,4.1 of MIL-I-S2'm) clkl c;u!lJ'oW to 1., qo'-e. (360 luW'a). !ach orale ehaU Doualat of tbe fcllowina:
Cn) Tin int'trnal tan ch8IIIber tc:wora~ Ghall bet unU'orm4t ratlod. 1'reG e4 tJ.6Op to l6OOJI' dUl'lllg & Q l10ur peri.w.
(ll) The l600 tGIJIporatll1'8 arui r.lAt1~. hurU41t)' of $I!> lla:ocent. c!laJ,l be 1II&1tS~nocl d\U'lna tho tol.lov.Lns e1x ho\u' pa:1CJd. DlatUled. or deJ4:lnorol1zec1 w.ter ha\lioa & pH v&lull o~ 7 to., at m call be uurl. to 0'otvol11 the 41111.1'8\\ !l\o1:.I.Il1t.y.
(0) ~ 1nttrm.l ta.i: c~ber ta::lpGnr.ture sbAU be Un1fOl'·:.!.y nQIolC1iI4 to 84° tJ.60Jl' c1\4'In; t.-M folloViQS lEi hour. pe%'1oct.
''lhe UZI1t 1IbalJ. p&1II tbe r.q.l.11r'!1111'l1lltc of !l6\'GBl'&pb k.l.3 ~ \OCa\llletllOD or t.bl. teet. \
3.;.~.6 ~ - 'lb. \'II1'bill8 jplDrU'&tor ... _~l,y II'1&1l tie c:apablAl of bGiq a,~4 or 41p»ecl 1" II. !!pore IIUI)MID.lon p"G»&1"G4 :L11 aouol'Ga'QQ. wUh tho retpire__ • of »U'&SI'Qb ~.8.l of MIL-... ;212, &D4 tall p1ac~ 112 • te.t elIIabar CA»&bD of ma.1n'lalDf.na the ulati". hlll!t141t¥ at 95 perceZlt a.a4 tbs 1atonal ~1Iu1'O at Sf1>p t~ a tea. period at 28 dap. • UD1t abal1 JlMe tale J'IIlUlH1llDU ot pur.craph ~ .1. 3 .11 OQ\IpleUon ot ~'e ~'11.
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I~ liir ~~. ~f l~r~f:r& i ~ I', ~~~~rifi f!li I I~i I ln~ 0 i I =(l~tff ~ • !~~:l&f! f~ & il~ i l 1M ifd-~t~f ~t fif~~_f
~;i2~ ~rd- .J~ i ri fl£!ill .B II i~'~lll '~Ai' ~~~~. ~a.u ~ ti •• D :~r~ a.
fl~ l! r I~ II I~ i:;iIl ; I · i :-~ :Ilti it Ir· !rl=1 t1i EI :-1 !!;i!IE l~ ~t l!i[~!E li. II iftB! 1;1 81 ~f Illt'!~J I! - r:;at~ij t! ~ "~~~ !ii 5~ 'l-'ll = a f iel11'i II j r5r !t(:1 ! ~'15~1 IE ! ~rl~~.~ 'I~ ~1'4 ~·E ,0 ~ t"&~et ar t II,JF1J ~ ,Ii~ If ~I I iiill~ II ~ '!iiS1,i il _ If I( ~ It & t ~ & I :'If II' ~ r I r i f i ~ ~ ~ I I!.,
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
llate: JUL 1 9 D3
c.) V1t1l the "ur~be 1'O'IIor ~.4t._ It.1taJ1l1lb V1tb1D 30 •• ~ • 'nMq nate &11' vel,gQj,V of !OQ Da JAa III'l4 ftIIOYe bloolrap. .. lIId:~ alsall a'l:a.n a4 tIOQluaw to U,IICO l"JWl nth .. . ~500 VA (a' .1' p.r.) l.oa4 appl1e4 vUJd,Jl 4 .0001141 tzaII l"PIOttal. of blooJca.l.. b 1lD1t: lUll ~ ten NIl:l ltana. %Ja ~ ot 1tl.ookM zoW ~t1CH1 111 IIha1l be l*'C.a1b1e to 1u440~ .~eft tU UDlt. !.ate tb. _b11111e4 alft1lHaa.
(~) Upm CICIIIpl.et1OD at to n.n.. tM \112111 IIW.1 _at ~ req,\I11'e" , _au of ~ 4.1.3. .
3.,.4.9 !is _tlU1'e :tthi 'D1e \II211:.11&U ~ oap.ble td betas ~ in a 1111 table ai a .. M4 _'blat ~ ... ot l.6oOI' &114 ~ . th/} tollO"l1nc tetta:
Ca) W1th 1;2:w turb1. rotozo bloolra4, establllb v1th1Jl 30 1100124. a .t~ state atl' veloolV of 3tiO be lAS .. ~ ~ bloclrqe. ,b ~'G tba11 .tut 1.114 aaceluaiJe to ll,4OO J'JII' : W1t!l .. z..~ fA (at .fS ,.,.) 10&4 appU., Wf.'IIIWl 4 Moolkll. b URi. to a!IAll 0CIIIlete 1.0 aUrCh ttart.. In Jlace ot blocked . roWz' ope:.o&1I1= 1t IIhAll be ;pe:m •• lble to ~ eJect ,the \lldt: 1l'iii0 th.e .. taW.u4 &t.1'8'tNIa.
(11) \1JIOJl ~= ot 1.0 1Itat., tIw 1m111 III:I&lJ. ..-t the reQ,\Ilreme~t. of ~ !t-.11',
, 3, ,., OeM1'&Wl' Plrtonano.
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3.5, ,.1 V •• 10m - '!be erne taato;r &114 humD10 COlrteD' l1zae-to .. l::n. aU 11aw.to~ output volt.,o ahall Gom_ to tIls flQ,u:UweiSU or IpeOU'1Q&~OD 1oltL-O~
3.,.,.2 Ibor;st c.pac!»" - 11:18 plHtl"&tor Iball. be ca,pr.~~ of .~DI 300 l'I8toerst mti4 4\lri1lS a s1zIIl,e 01: tbr •• "'PI&Ue ta\ll.t CIOr.41t1c1l tor 'llhfte . 'MO~ vttl2ot.al ~ of ,.DlrJ'atGl' ~J'1.t.1~. .
). ,. ,. 3 U!lblJJuJoe4 I.o&4 • ':a. ~ U&ll. be c~ of IIIHUnc 1:he tollowl.q ''''''''.";;;& t'I&I :requ1r ... zrta ail IlOO c:pa, ll., "101,''- UIlDal..'" It,~ 1'JIL 5!Jae l*'CU1I UIlllrJ.aAcl of 11. TOl.tap IIbaU be I!eftIlll4 .. 100 1WaeI tt.' .. ald. .. chY1ation of tbo 11Dt YOJ. ... ec.. t1ae &VWIP of 1IU ... l11W vol", 1UV14oa.l by tbtt ... ., ...... Of the t= .. l1na 'fOltap ••
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ELEctRONIC DIVaSIOM (.~""') "i;'IUJ., ~!!!!,~,~!.'!!!!P" "P!!!l-\~II • .J
Page determined to be Unclassified Rel/iewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.6
uat.: JUl 1 9 IllS
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Ca) Witl& A 3000 VA, 1.0 P • ." 3:pbue 10&4 aalJ,e4 aa4 G.Il acW.Uoul. I1rcle __ e 11.ne to U\ltl'al 1.0 P.'. lDa4 fd !lOG VA and. lOOO VA a4404 in41Y1~, the ..zlIm.II v&1,. o~ vol ... I\DM1MOe ,bAll not _04 6.0 ptZ'OeDt.
3. ,. ,.4 9$lMIr .. s cgolJ,¥ • 0elUIrcr.Wl" CQolJ.D& 4\l1'1D11 QPC'&'A1on abaU. l)e obta1* ~ FO\1.uq .. 11a1~ IIIMDII tor co&luauas the heat troa ~ IInerawr to tho 014el' 1Ihro1ll1. Ken NIIO'Ial. br 1DI&D8 ot ram &11' aooUsl&, 0001112& lION •. wiU 1»\ be uU11H4. !he lIIU1Ia1a aUowa&'blo IV1'O\.1IaCU.ns &11' amb11Hl1\ ~ WIIAm no' OJ;Ill'a'biDi wi.ll. 'be 2~. Tll.e mmJII\U al.J.otrable ~DI '1:eIIpftWN' VlU 'be l6OO,. .
3.;.'.' Voll':M Re~t~ - 1'he vo1tGp nsulAw tball. 1II&1nt&iD tIto generator yoltap W1t!11n=t1i8l1l1iu ot D.~ 41.1ri1l/S .~ nate COQd1UODI .. betweOIl the tol.l.OV1tlC YOl'tap 111111. Im4 1oGd. c:aDd£t1onl ~r &11 del1an04 ._t1111 .~u t.zl4 .,l:rOllllenta &I I1ettlle4 1D.MIr.·SD-2lQA. ClsI. 1.
Cod.\U?!!! Yaltal!
Ito., XV!, p. t . •• 7'.l..0 108·:1.22
3.6 MVs!iapl9tbU1V· All pa1'ta haV1D1t1wt _ lIA11\U'aat.wor'. pun n'lllla:r ahaII""tii"1\iii.iUoUiIl¥ M4 ~o~ tntol'~Ml.e. '1'M draViQ6 n1ll'ber requtl"OlllOnt. of &pacification m,.J)-70lrr IbaU 8I)Ye1'D ~. 1n lDU\It'Ac1Nrer IS ~ rMllbo ....
3.7 llL'&1ri..!ll!.. All110D mv1.iOD of aa.nl Moton WlU tund..m to Oeuctal. • MUl" tile... CCiliieti ut of lactuegDS 4.113D an.V1D4a for tM :c.a a.u- t\lrlllna pzlU'&tar, s.Ml.\I41~ • l'Qroa.s.w.e .. tw pnnta of .Mtl 4nWUII.
3.8 WotELot cO!!!Pl.!'t!)!J!" •• III&X1IIIII ftip' o~ tile CIQIIPlat. J'a &U' '\I1'b1u ... ~ .. _~ not -= .. 4 4.3 pnm4a. .
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3.9 X4pU.ft.cat1on ot ~ ;; B,~ ... nbU_, a.IIIl pI.I'ta IIhIl.l 'ba.: larlee' tOI' Riiii{tlOAttoD In aoCiOi'&Doe with 8'taIIdari m-ftD-13O. .
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IPIICII'ICATION
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
Wale: JUl 1 9 •
3.11 "O!'la3a!!1p - ... 'llarllliolmah1» &114 f'f.n111h 0)11 aU ~ eJaaU \If 11& &Cco*M. v.t.tlllilj1i snd8 AS.rarati :p~ee.
Ij..O ClVAroIft AaSUlWCB PftOVISIORB
~.1 Accapiauce ~e.t. - Acceptance WIts aN tho •• te.t. ooDducto4 \v AlU.olI nf.v1a101l of CleDei'il. )toton, OD the ram &11' turbiue PaentoJo ... ~ (reqUi1'84 117 GeDII1'&1 MUJ.., IDe.) to 4oIIOZlatrate .1.11 'aw.. /iuJJ. V IIODtzool~ ool'l'8ci ...... ~ ana PIl'tCl.\"Dl&DCe.
4.1.1 Ac::r~Clt »at. - All In.truudtat1on Ihall be .u1tabl.e tor tAe te,UllI 1» be c .4 &iiit ab&1l IIO'~ lie dat1'f.1IIII1ltal. to ten 'Col.eZ'8ac ...
. 4.1.2 l .. t Condf.t1ona
lj..l.2.1. 0,p~t1r111 'reat Coll4'tt·ttmlt - AU t •• t. IlIAll be coD4uc1la4 a.t app1'OX1l11&tal1 1M ieve~ ilut1ldG. iii1 au c1atA. \11514 to l.taW_ povIU' oul;lldl IIb&U lie ClO~tl flO lIAaA ~ ~ 806 level oonditiou. AJ.l air velOclU •• •• 1f114 hereiD are tN. et.l'lll.ll &IllS all tuDtle1 all" velOcltiia \111e4 tor te,UDI .. lllll1 1M .qul.valeat to tre. atzotua veloc1t1e.. ':l1e teat sball. be oou4\1ete4 .t _bllnt tea!;penr'WI'Ga.
~.1.2.2 Mount:l.y· ~ \111111 Mall be ~ 111 a .U1table V11k1 tlm%leJ. w1~ itl axl. ot rota~oa. puaUol. wttlllA lo° to the 41recttoa of air t'loIt. NoUIlUIll tad.l:1 U.. are 'Co !lave De8l1s1'11 .tteat OD powI' pIr'tO~.
".1.2.3 alp_tor IDa4a - b 1'oUQwtna loa4a aUJJ. be 1aI04 trtI do'bInlt.niD; the ~. iil' 1& 'lilt 4W"1ua V1n4 tUDl'»l t.riha.
I.oA4 I - No 10&4 r.4 n ~ l!ml.aDol4 3 pbuo, 1700 VA a~ 1.0 PI too4:tII • llII.J.a,Dce4 3 ~ I 3!iCO VA at 1.0 PI
4.1.3 'hIt M.*41 - b tollow1ns toAtll shall be pertolWCl on 1'.he \1111'\;,
4.1.,.1 BalatlCII· '.L'!le 1.lD1\ abGl.l. ba t.liltocl for ~o UB1:alAI1ce. '!!Ie 1iIIII01m1& at UIl~ """tiZIG CCIIQOnellt. _U J»t elCae04 0.01 0.. ill. 'lbe _UUNd. nlll'at101l A4C1.1eNtfon 01 tIlo un1t w.a O»Il'&11ed vttbtn the allealf1e4 sovemtns llC Z'IIIIP, e:tI 300 XIAS, alIA 1Aa4 I appl1e4 Ih&ll ~ exoee4 lio.o a' ••
4,l..3.2 Goymd.J!I •• _, aball. be el.lb.1.01ie4 to tbG fOUoviI2l ~n QJII~ ... UonJ
(a) W1~ to&I.4! I a.ppll.4 to tba \IJI1t, i1W' .... 'ChI aU' ft1l)o1t¥ 010.0 6,0' Ktia JWI _1'11_. 1he UD1' ~oll&1 qee4 aball.
DCI' go .... 12,900 1'l/Il.
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, RDO, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 !.Jalt: JUL 1» 2DI
(., .... ELECTRONIC DIVISION (Mtr.) ~ I" 'IU~II __ "'''~ \.: Is..,J ARr1l s, 1$ ~
IIHGIHIIRING DIIWmIINT
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I (~) nth ID&4 m &'p'plle4 to ~e \Il\1t, "-o"allo the air velOot\7
frCIIa 650 JCta lAS to 300 nl lAB ~ • \1D1 ~ zoot&'UoMl. lIp4Ie4 1IlIal1 uot be lei. ~ u,~ ~
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(4)
W1t1l toU.. Ixt a.:p,pl1e4 to th.-un111 .1'&101115 in &II air YWI,lQaiv ot '" Da BAa III1n11U1, ~ ~ Lcta4 I. 11ut tnull1Jd rotaUcmol '»Ha af tlle 1m1t IIIIall be 1I't1lh1D till 11111 ... of 10.900 to 13,500 rpa aa4 IlIaU Ht\U'D 110 .~ atate COD41-ticme w1tb1n 3 "".ond. anI'" 10K olwlP. ~o lteaq a'tate rotational ape4 ab&11 be Y1Wa tlw 11l1111;1 ot U,400 to 1.2, gao 1'pI.
Wf:tb IDa4 I appl1e4 to the unit O»eJ'At1q; in &D &11' velocity ot 30Q Jet_ EAS III1nilllUll, au440Dly ar~.Pl¥ 1Dad III. 'lb.e ~1I1ant nriiaticnal. Q064 of tbe 'UD111 shall 'be v1tb.1n the liIdta ot 1.0,800 to 13,500 I'pJI and. ahGll J'O'tI.lD to .~D4l ltate oon4iUou withiu 3 oecon4I GttW 1.0114 cbanp. 'lbe I~ .tate ro1;&tiocal apeea ehall be V1tbin the 11l111t.ot U,I,OO to 12:, 9CO rpta.
(e) \11th LoAd II Gl'IIl1od to tho u:dt. clow13 :lrICl'QQ80 tho oJ.r vel.oc1~ to 650 1Cb !AS III1D1mUII, tbon ~q doe~ th. a.12' veloelt,y at A UAllfoftl Z'&to. 'l'hon IMJ.l. 'bit no ovi4ltnco ot 1JOVG1'nOr oeo1l.1&t.f.on above 300 l(ta lAS min:l.lI\U.
It.l.3.' Vol~J!orwl.at1.on .. !be vol"" I'ltplatt4' aba11 -.1l1tl\:l.n tbg L~toX' wltBaD Wltb1r& 1&~ati"Oi 9.$ !\Il'lns uteaq au.'IIe con4i~oul anA bOtwOOD tu .peoinG« wltaso lillit. J.08-l2QV =1Jl& All. 10&48 BD4 Opol'llt1J:ll BpDecW ~oft104 41A"1na tea1l1J11 al O\l'tUne4 in ~ 4.1.
It.l.4 RB.1ec:tion c.n4 Retest .. It tho unit 40., DOt ,9&dll tJMt roq-~~.rclllentfl ot :po.raC1"APh"li.i.3 Ii &hili 1i4 re~.cte4. A 1"O.1.a1:o4 unit ~ 'bo 1.'GWU~·1:c4 o:r hCIoVO ]IIU'W replace4 to correct tho &ttact., f1n4 reaubllitte4 tor DoCocpttl.QCQ. PIAU llGl'UaulGn oonconill8 tolt ""ooUana e.n4 tho aotlon tAkon to (l()rrctct the "-tectD 1'OUIII1. AD tho oriSf,nal 1.Ud.t abG11 be 1'Urn:I.ab.e4 Qoner&l J.t1l1a. Tnc., \t,ilOD CIOII\Plnlon ot the tfitlOS.
4.2 Cilua.Uftcatlon ~ ..... - QualJ,t1C1Atlon '1'eate are 'libgge tOlta lI4uOIIQ.ll1ehe4 on the pnflw.tor aa80i1i19 to daDIoUtrate 8U1tabSlitl *" pro4uot101l. tt.. pDU&toI' u.Glllbl1 to be .014 to 0cl0ra1lW.1., IDe. Dbal.l be :l.4tnUCll1za -.t=1&l aD4 vo:rkmallh1:p to a:l.lII1la:r me-to&" ...... bl1e. Vb1:h bav. pAea.4 q\aUtL0&1I£0Q toe .... to~ J)l'Q4uoUOIi tbonb;r pNc.lll41nG At\Y requ1~ for IiUc:h teat. OIl tILt. 1I04el.
1f..3 Roort..!. - Ie a~lote I'\lCICIZ'4 aIS&l.l. 'De kClJ' of the 1'l'OIl"e" an4 re.ul" 0' ..:u t.eai87\1jOD ;oa,pl.ot:l.01l of t.a.t1l11, a ooawleto _111 ~-.pon lUll 'be pre· pare' ancl tb:ree aopf.e. luWtt.t to Geural. HlU., IDa. foil ."nw.l. a.uiN1. NUlII. IDa. ,.leo :r.,81'Y'8 'tU riIbt to ~1c1a • 1d.\zIn. tor UJ or aU allQqt&Dae teate.
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 uate: JUL 1 9 201
.. --~---~----- - . -_ ...... ..
f '11, " .. .!!E!LE~CT!~· R!O!N!IC!D!IV!lS!lO!N!!\(M·itil .... ~) ..... u ~.;, : -1,'
ir -;; .. CD'I'IWoa--. .............. ...........,. \: ~ MlIM& DAT& Apr11 3. l.@ 1
: ~------------------------------------------------------------------~ 'fl .. ]iNCIINIXRIH. DIPARTMDIT ~'P1CATIOHI-~(!!ilO:'I»r.;·;:29"'lOO~..§u;;;;llQll .... ______ I&ar· ,
: I 'l :i ,.0 P8!IPA1WttOI J"CIR DILIVIU ~
,.1 P!.oky1!!f1 _ Paat1PJ1 - \'U Wl1t fbalJ. be P&Oka&e4 to "'11\\1'8 UT1va1 ' a.t tho 4eat1DAtloll 1n A ol.ooA a.n4 \lIIdaI:I.O.p4 coM1t1op. Uti." qpl1C1Lbl.e aU 0»01111261, 1ILOuut;1ns t&c.s, aZI4 ext,1'1V/J, exposeel parts a1lal.l be provldad. witb su1tab1e tempoN:7 CIOVennp to exclude tin AM. Pl'neat 4M111Se. AU pl'OteQ~s.ve
I, Qoverl lIIU1t be 01: .. 00Df'tS\U'&'t101l 1:IIat ~rob1W.'tI .... 'blot vUlt -:b11l6 p&1't1 V'S.tbo\3 rGl»v1111 ttwI OOVH'.
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
uate: JiJL 1 9 201
•• 1- -. "I
.. ::::.: " " 'r.. ~ SHUT. i OJ: ,l,
EL~ONIC DIVISION t. ) r' sLu.t" .... ~"AV ..... MI ............ MI.......,.\: :J .. C.1A1l gATIt . ,.. IINGJN .... JN. aIPMfMINT PICIJPICATION (H.!mO-~ 1.1' I I ,
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El.ECTRONIC· DIVISION (G.~rai') IIIEmIIII I Muls
,Nt CIIInIIO" ."...vl, "'...-.. II, .... ~A -...:: :J
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 lJate: JUt 19 •
IINOINDI'UNCI DIPARTMIN'I' "1EC'P1Co\TIONi-WlQMI __ .~pcnIollMI6L.'IIUiII_a... _____ T'" I
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Dd. • .,.ala. ... U. ~ 1» & ~tS.a IIJII- 'IIId.& .taN. 1Il1ft ... PI ~ 3000Jd ~ ... ",. _ ~ Jm,ol of u.., alii. JI'O¥l4e •• 00Mtut PftI .... ,.. "". __ 4 :ate of t:J.oIr ... ~ !lPltatI.oA 'of 1M IOlaM .. *u oft wl,.,..
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1lt!laF1JN9a 'l Dl711 .... 1'aW."'" 8 .. * IDItaUa'd.OIl ~ \ Ro.1I'ViOZ' • 'I1rIlU..... II2aowba ODt.1l.IIIi Mmndlm.
De!OlUt1_ Bl8HI'CIU', Au- (u.r.t.A ronu. ~) ~ GoI.\1JI8 ltiu,ac&Uq:
CoaUlil ~_1Ua Wel.4Ua w~ x __
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M&cMUe l'utto1e ~oa JuC.va~
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ELECTRONIC DIVISION o • .,..."}
.............. --.~ .. !INI! .... !,! .... !. !1"''''!Id!'_!Ii~''''-MlII~ -
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 lJate:
JUl 19 101
[ IHOINlIRlHG DJEPARTMINT .PIIGU'ICATIGH ___ M ..... ;-.... a9~U!O_..:-:..·iIIIIIIiI:..-____ , , ..
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• baIIla I\IL'JOO ~ tM .,..... 111 to ataN _ 11 .... uaa. 3000 ~1 . p ..... u4 Jll'C"'f.48 1M M-1UIAI7 ft1 ... aDA nplatozw t= a&te ... Im~t COAVol. ot .. G4v of 111..... _pre .... ira __ rap .. , •• 1 1. rq-
u1ate4 to slva a ooutaa ILloU.I8I JNlII.Ift .. tu dtt'OlO 1. 1I.le4. Va.l.flIl
are pm.4e4 tor cWllq * ft8M1, IIID'IA"1 ... ei1.eOtno&l.lT m~tttDl ott t.be n.cnr, tl.ovS.JII D1~ tIIzoovI1I tIM ftJl&1&tozt ,. aGJutuDtI »='lJO.eli1l~ an4
nl£n:f.DI ..... pH''''' to taw a_lIMN .......... UP' an l'Z'Ov:t404 'W"NIIl &rail .,.. .... Jfd .. zoepl.&1Iu foil ourpq aid flow ftFlaUOD
pqoan. 3.2 »uSp
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JOI'UOU ot • d1WIS. ..... Qe01ftoaUou 1£.W hftla IDA t1&1 4etaU
1"~H of thl • .,.cftoat1.OD 10 U to M.fSlJ.. 1:118 JUI'JO" to, wta1dl
1~ ,. ~ to 'be UNtI.
3.3~ ~ .,. ... 00U1 .. ot '- .,. ... ..-a .. ) .., PftM\IH .,.. •
..... ~ u4 tIM GGIltNJ. ftl .... ..w" Wi. UI 0CIII,P0a" of tM foll.cnd.JII:
'.3.1 !'fts ... , •• 111 A • .-1.1' ". ..... ,HMl .............. :ft'ta .. ~ou
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Cnlef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3,5
lJate: JUL 1 9 ZOIS
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SHGt\ \
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R!l.1A8E DATI'
~ INGINa,"HCI DlPARTMINT
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I Soldoi4 V&l. ...
P.NtIS\ft hplatoJo
Kia" PTeuure lIeU .. t Val.,. 10. 1
r.av PntI.,... !e11.t Val..,. 10. 2
MaIW&1 Sbi Off Valve a.,. • _ pll1
CJqe ·200 pal
C_. aDA :arb .\val".
0l'01III4 CU~ Ia4 CODbol vaJ,.,.
81411an. l'ftG .... COUeatlOU ,
'!'h. l'ftlllure Te8_1 ID4 ClOIlVol valve .. ...wI. uau 'be a.o1p04 to
ftt 111 '" ~ JlNV1484 .. &ow on SX29100-67'T. !I'M ~ o~ t2Ie
aa.,poun. &D4 wUia. of til. qatoaa GaIOCllllb4r ~ 'De .. Uovza on 23llJ,l36
". IlJFOve4 ,. aa.:ra1 MUla. !:lI.t aoapm.ttDta uUU bit 'CftIIIOd. •• '&J2&" tbe
. ~ env ....... Qe ..... , ... Mel bftIk t:ha .1e0Vlaal. &114 p:relllUH
aOllMI'tona, ab4 ~..an tbo am\la1 .awtt ftl..,. sD4 PHIINN NSUlAtol',
IJl. ftooa * ..... 4MI'. !Ita exit. pon of taut .,.ta .all 'be a lIS 336"..a S1$e I tlWIII JOlIlW til • tUftattOA of a_v.. aolDtn=.
~ .,.,. at AII .... blt4 UaU 1IC'1o .. I&V.lfMtorUr vba au'lAD1ttaA to
tJaa 1'ollovtnc CKII:Ullt1.OUl
3.,.1 ~&~ 1'U uab1eD\ tsJ.pe1'atla'l 2'&IIP 1. -6, r to ~ r.
3.,.1 Aaaeler.attoc • 1IIU1_ i.au'U.allDadiq. aN 10 -," 1/IliaJl .. 'De ."uec\ in arrr 41NoUoa r.2aUw 110 1M .,na. Viw.ttaa 'l'Iae .." .. n"or&t1oa tr.qunq i. ~ e,eloll/~ 1d.a a dQ~
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed ChIef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
IJate: JUl ,9 201S
, . . "(<:-~--------------';i---""-'-__________ ",
! ·d . ;
I I RE~1IDAT~· __________ __
; DrGIN",,". aQlARTMIDIT
'I I
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.A~o
t:OD41UoDa of 0 to 70000 het alUtuM &Il4 all. toadlUOU of' nlaUTe 2l\1ll.d1')" t.roa 0 to ~.
3.' Pftanze RatiJIs
b .,..... N&lJ. GpU'&te lot .. DGat%I&l Pl'"~ of 3000~. .AU IICII
poMIlU a1IaU be rt.1:e4 to OJC'&M at tMu- N"l*Uve lI"H\&N .... lII01I ..
, pot JIft.sun 1:4In of 1.67 u... tlw o~ pnlftl'e &14 a.a, UNe tU
0»t-tiD8 lIN.'" 1'OS' 'bm'ft.
~ l.eaI:Aat &aU 'be aero ., 81111:11.' to +150 ~ .. 110 .........
1.0 co .~ m pC" mlzw1le ." "'" 7. • 1ntenal. ~ 18 .ane4 to'1I t:ha 1111lt~ OD:II,PODeDt ••
2M f)'1 • .u.u be C&J&~ ot.~ .. now ot as aaJN 14_ tH
iW1l ;n ..... 'IU7118 fx.a 3OQO to lOa pd, &rl4 ""'til .. ~, , ....... nap ~ ~ to 30 :pda pl.\III OS' ..... ~.
S!M 1*YUu.1 ~ III&1d.II8 ,. tile ooaUOl Yal.'N .... 'bl;1I;;ut
l1li-' tile i'bUovUa QllcitLclltiollllJ .. ....... ~.:L Solno14 A13 on Valve
n .u.u. be .. U1Wll¥ ol.Me4. II&lAt&lDI4 aoz-.. val.wI, NUll fa aaa'd.lI.~ aut.r at:.xt_ oprra'tU8 oODI1£Uou. I1I a.u ~ At 3000 p-' "Uta • ~ OUftG_ oo~ ot 2 ... w!.* a, to 31 Wlt • .s.a. ~40 flIe v vel.,. IIIaU ..n ..,:u..a'tI3At ~ fd m.4-11011O. a .... ,....,' .. ftIN
ot iii' SCIH 1d.tJl 3QCO 1181 to 300 Jt1 n 11111 ~ aI Fe"" =P -..1IUl.e w1.tb to» .,.... perlo~ at thta qleaitf.oatiOL a. ~1t l.e :tcHnal 1. ..... 1s 3 aolbz f.looaaJOOto 3QQO up..u- lift .... Wi- taw YalTe 1A =-~ olAaat pa1tiOZl. !!III, claat .. .u:u be ~J. I&fa 1a tU oloae4
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chref, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Se~ 3.5 LJate' JUL 1 9 lU.
. , .
E1..ECTRONle DIVISION __ .et . ~ SH~ __ ~~ol~ __ ~/~O __ _
"lUAU DAT.' _____ _
IPlECII'IC:ATION CHI - §l.CO - §$. _____ _
;po.lt4on
~ e1em1cal. C01l:DeCtor IlIal.l. be _ NS3J,06lI - l.C81.-4P. ~ Y&l. ....
aIaAU 'be da.~ to V1tUtIoDI a1ll11d:1111a of 20,000 qo1.ea at ol.o .. -opa-010 .. 1d.t.l& a 3000 JII1 ~ »n .....
.~ ftp1.&toI' Ib&U ~ tU 0\\tl6,. pnalet _, • 1ft YIJ.ue vitll
a ~ ot ~ of GIl Mt YaJ.'Ile. ~ a 1zIl.n JlN8INN rup' g 3QO ..
3000 »11 ad vt1il. a f1.ow :rate of t.roII3 to 25 SCJ'K. ~.lou IIhA1l be
mDU faI' OIltl1et lIN ..... ~~ 1d.WJI tM ... ot 30 to 100 ».1fS. u.~Wl1II8In INat 1Mr 1OCOIW''11lae' v1t.l& tM qataa Wt&l.1e4 a4 abal.l. be MClUN4
to IaQl4 14,,1\K"t1r1eD.t UZIdc' t.1ae ~ 1DeI'tUJ. ~. aDA Yi1X'lsUon OGIId:I.uou. 1'0 loolNp :pI'O¥ta.01I8 lIN H~ ut4 +.be faU aat. oaDUt1oJI :1. 0J8D0
m.u 1Mr •• 'IId to onolc &\ 31!Oo pat, 1IIU1III~ :NlO&t at 3lOO psis 'II ... , ..... tloIr • ~ 0'1 5 SCJM &t 3,aQ ~ 'boN lUll ~ I» leN
l.eaIrap M1Qv ozreq OD '1avealdq pzoe •• UN u4 :no.t 01' 4eonadJl& pn.l\Ift.
8baU be • .w to ca:rac.k 1" :PII111!!N!'1!!U1, ft •• t At uo PBia lIiD1am.
6D4 aov a "'Dt_ of lD SCJH at 11' l.iS. !!!bon IIh&U be aIa(,I l:ll:.l.i . ..p
1IeloY =ulc CD ~ Jllftln:e aDA 1:'.'" OIl ~D£ ~·4ISG~".
ap..a1lit1:l& pftjIau. 11 .w aiL 3CCO »11. n IIb&U hmI4la ayfta. f1tw
rate. lit. a .sm ........ '\'&l.aIn odf1oe u...tao of .U f.Da1IeI 'I.D. 'b ~ ..
»oa1111oD. 'RAe v&l\a .... au 'tftIIi1l&_ m • Jaa: ._" f'or .,..4 1mIIIaJ& 01*'-at1DD.. !I!M ~ l.MJi:Ip'~ exoee4 1. .o~ ritll • ftl. ... a . til_ a1.D1OI JIO-'~ UIIl 3000 »Ii ,..-=_ pre..... 'b 'Yatw sa" ZIMII
.....
1'- - -I
f lr 41!8SS 'E-1Bli II t i Ill' II! I ! i ! t 1· t! 6 0 • ii"f~'· ~J.li,ft e iJ\tJ·t flllpfB i l!;!h I!JJ'h ! HrtiJ tlfdllr", "f!r~1 !tll~I'l ~ tf;~A Il r~'ilr 1~~~1
i ',if ;~li! tl,rfatr) 'j-zl Ji l t tt!A.. ~fl~f r 2 f ill I i I I· i I t i tl- ,If-r I! laG Ilfnl~'" l~fli ~~~ .-, 1 ~r:! ~!tr'ltl I'll' It· i I: I I
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,. ~i~ f" lill "'11 i I}::: i K,"I:: i if t· I" ~ 1'. ~ ~ t . i ! i!l!se 0 !:i>gt": 0 r.8 1£ !iliaflr r ........ r I
I fi~ II tji~ I it f tlll!jfllh
~f;; 1!~t1' Ii; I'~'" ~"'~8 Ir I~l "1 f~ 'Ji lifl Ii i,1 ~f II IJJ: 1 ' : lir III i til I:(i i Pot po II 'S' Rig '1 I: Il t, 1lri I
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- f~~ c.:» a 0 0 0'0 a-
M ;,~~ • 0.::1:::> eng.
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
uate: JUl 1 9 3)1
SHiET __ ..... ·1 ___ 0F_..l:/~O __ 1
RiLEASI DATc.E _____ _
'ENGINUftING ~AItTMrNT BPl:CI"ICATtON_ ... ~~-=-~29lCO~=--~969=-_____ I~·
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I • tJ#tI of 1, SCJX ~ t.be ~tol' WeA 2000 pd U 1\IPP1le4 baa tb.e
sroUII4 toUI'Cl.
~. prelll1.ll"e Y'8s~ &I~ sI2all ~4e a IIIIAl:UI or ltoHlI& a:ty n1Uo&a
PI lot IPt. .1'IIot1~ prelll\U'e" Th. vel .. l ab4Ill. 1Ao~. inlltallat101l ~f18 jI.r)'Ib1ou t,. the CluaUlU va.l.ve .ssaibll' aa4 tbe '. '.', DJDtelIl .
at~ poiQts. b fI:nI= ~ 1IpGCe4 at 90 de,"e lnterval.8 m'OIlII4 t1Ie ~.c. o~ the Fe81J1,1ft YII •• ], ora a 1;.000 ill. 4:lGlllOtor boJ.t. a.t;rok IIlIA:L1.
~ aloW :1M" 1/4 - 2B tlmf 'bolts to IIlloY tOl' ~.1= cluriJIc :t1l..UJ2a ot tlut
vea.el. '.It .. Ilumber of bn&cket. abNJ. lie kopt at II 1Id.~ • wlcl heo4a
aba1l be 1l&ol4 to .. ~ Jae~" above till surface o~ the "'Isel ADd shall.
be tNa ot ozq ~ edge. 1Ihlr.h wu14 teJ14 to ~ the he&tU(& el.erAeDt W1cb
vUl 'be l.ace4 to ~ eJdioriOf Qt the "I'<IG.1Ol.
b Wl1U1111 ot ~ preSlure Y8DSel. alllll.l. be •• lea.D' lII&> CIlb:l.c lnches
&114 1. 'lis alIapt .!Iall. CODtoI'II w tbo OI.ltJ.t'IG c1nY1J16 SK29lCO-606 61I1d 'l'AVCO
4n.1I1Da 23J..,l.lla6. The v .... l • .-.u maot tM ::.ppl.1abJ.e ;po:1"t1ou 0'/ w:r...n-8573A ~ swatLn. b valsol II t~ 3O.J&o C1CUJI D •••• Gtiou o~ ~..a!J73A
(ASO) 1da£GI1a AN E ap,pUClAbl.e tar 1'.bl1 ~:a.t10:A an tI:Ie lollo1.1.ft8:
~ l.~.3
2.0 KAVBllII'8 mi. 250-692 .. 2
3.1 3.4..J.·1. 3.4.1.2 3.4.1(.
. 4.2 ~.3.2
4,10) 1&. ••• !I 4.4.5.8 4.4.6 4.4.7
D!1G1'1.ptioll
S.b ••
S'Qbat1 tuta nl.4 ;per KtL-W-BlSu
P.repra4uot. ... mz ~ FQDNla
Fo1'Imala.
~l3I
PH,tIz'04act10D 1'e8ta
a~'fOata
r.o,teot1oa U4 ftted
~
~ ~8H'" :r..aJrap ~cal
IntU'D&l. J'lId.u.
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Cnlet, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3,5
uate: JUl 1 9 201
I'tELEt." &:M.TLF_-----
11 I bDHa I . (.4.5
lle!OriRt101l
~
~t.:1Ito 'tnI:n\ .
GUIIIin ,I ::::~ (I 6.0 : __
~1;ioa tar 4aJ,inq
'I OM :iNaaun ve •• el. ahall. "00 lNf.l:t to tIW NIl aall .. A. toM qatIrII
""'~ a.n4 tIiA ~eete4 to OlollJlS aDIl buro" tMtl. '!be IIJ'Cll218 III.all 'bl II.
~ ot 500 ~. ot :2OQ to 3000 to 200 pili. ~ Nn __ It lUll oem-811\ of »na.Urird.al& tluI Yltlael. to tba JOiIl~ of _It 8114 re~ tU "..1" .
l'""~ AII4 ~ of ta.f.l.we. It the tel~ ?p.Rl fdl.. to JId't, tba ~ ~ blSl>at PNIAN ot '"" »IIi, 'thee ~ alIIl1 HU~ tbI Wlae1.
-' :Nrl ~ lNft, .1'. ~
'1btI ~t of GIll ~te .... 1I.lt4 II)'tIt. aball 111ft lWIoW 39.0 pa.mCII.
8.0 CI.IA1It»G or .. nsac
WlI1l.e .. aeabl.e4 ~ ,,.Itea wU.l. III cl.euIe4 perS.a4S. oal.1.1 e.XI4 oJ.U81; 'IIa a.bla
1:" ",""tIlltI.D4 ..... 1;0 ~:rl.oo41D; vtt.b. the f'OUov12lS c.scu"~" v.i.tb.out
N~iq t.be f\lacttOJlAl rtalJ..abS.l1~ of tM .~t.de '!btl -pe:1.ct4 ot 1~a:~O
11 e,UMte4 to 'be ts,,,. ~'II At _ ODe tfJDI.
a.~ Cla~ Ap.aW
8.1.l. 8'],.2
8·~.3
A' 70 'I. a.~.~
s.-.,., na. at 2" F. J'~_ tBcKol a' 70 .,
lqao1 lol,ut.toa (Cft.:L71o a014 plu. ortbo~ IlIA IOIP)
Roa ... (~ dUa'Glqllle2u,'l. .... ~), .. p~ IIII.M
u "vaa"-r11U7 ......... 1'\ ~ .. p'Olbn O't~-- Ia\., lJI.",.,..,.. -_lin lon lB, ]I.- Yon
Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Crnet. ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5
lJate: JUL 1 9 201S
rl~·-------__ a ;-~--
I F.'-ECTRO~IC CIVI5!CJN I G~~(:' \
.----- .. --~--. -
! ~ ~~~~-~~==~~~~!~~'! r~~~i ~';) I 1t._lW."_I,_~-;U;-w.J'I''' -.. ItE&.&ASE DAT-.. a _____ _
tNGINllRlNG DEPAI'tTMINT SPECI"ICATION'-~-=-';;-"':291O)~~..:::-~!,~ ___ ~ I~i - - -1
I I I I I 1 I I I ·1
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All. _tall ~ae4 to tU &lIIbtmt IIIWJt lle .£tbe1" nabl .... steel. llUl1ftte4 pw NXl'AJ..,aoe or aJ.m1 mg Al.l.o7 anatiae4 PfI» NIL-A..a62,. All.
el&a1:olllt:ts UIlIO"4 to til. ~*t III!.Ult be COIlI,p&t1ble w:Lth the a&eJl.ta QOaf.tia4
lD ~ 8.1. A reCOllllHnAo4 ~~ is )!1U8~ BU\)'bc'I(I COIIIriPOWi4 366Y BIm& ... , Ol' _ ~~ftl.ent.
10.0 lJEN'1"1FJllD.tar
All. o~ IIIWlt lle 14oAUt1.e4;pu r«r.-Sfl)-.13C). 'Dae ~- :::-. lII.\IR b4a l.eSl1lle ~ &IDI.eft 110 tha ~o. = vh1cl1 ~ aft 1fill04" ~
aU OOl3d:I.UOZII ot w. lJPOo1ftcat102l.
u.o o.uALI!n COII'mOL
!AVCO ablIn JII'G"148 .. &lIFO'f84 1l\I&Ut7 coai.'1'ol .,. .. in UClOHance
vlth ~-9858.
lfIt.Qh CCIIIJOndt aDd. tllI I~ 411 G ~ ahl11 be s~"otecl to the
fOUow1DI taot.. 4W1111 tile CIO\&Z'M of *tu lIIIUl.~.'
hili t.tGlllAl OJaeok il:O.)1 l'nltWt
r.to~ a1I opeatill8 ~aWN 1Ja';eriJI .. ftIIA1 lzIopoaUoa
l\o.41O~ of &11 vo14A
J.C/IpAt1uX of a1.1 J'eftIo\1II ~
Var.lftaatloa t4 &U Ilea, tfta'tIIIoDU t4 aete.1.a
!an' he ..... (0. waw. 0Dll) uveo abIU t=alb. It om.sfJ._~ ~ &lJ. OCIIId1Uou ~fl w. •• 0-
lftoaUoa un lie .. Mt. .WO Ib&1L ... NOCWb of aU '"'-\' to 'be • ..u.z. .. able tDr 1.,.,.n1aft .. "'1--"
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.. - --,,----"--,,- ------ ----........... Page determined to be Unclassified Rel/lewed Chief. ROD. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5 !Jete: JUL 1 9 ZOI
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MaolAM DATL--___ • ___ ;
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•• '" IN,,''oIollA. 3." la, hate ••
~.... ;'15 0"- 1'1./'/'''' C~IIIIH
.:oW,' .• '~101l' qaU be .. M!:I J10QI .. lOll. .. 3P.
IS"~U"IM 8JC,c~-6'/8 fOr BJCI91OO-'Tr, ••••• ,,118 OD ".lOO-"18.
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Cnlef. RO~. WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3.5
!Jate: tlm_ 1 9 2013
.,--'" APPJLNntX !-l
i'J..IOHT 'rE14TS ,.,~. ..v'IO'fYPE .-\IM) tN'!: ow KPR4Y 1'Ah' .• tHI: A.4C CA"I) If\l) RCRAFT
INTrJUM R8:PCJR'I' NO,
'fAVAL Ant TJCII" CtlllTCR WCAltONI IYITz .. a TMlIJT D1V,,.\a,,
f.1ATUXJ:NT RJVIlK. MARYl,.\NU
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Page determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Chief, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526. Section 3,5
lJate: • fill, 1 S 2013
xMM. ~'-B'(-153 Wf:1'~;.i~80Z
atl'!,lan~, :0 • ,..tflrmine if disseminated powder (talc) had come in C":" ta,c;; with th~ ;1!irj:~"~e. P1'ior to the teat flight. a sathfactory functiona' ~elt wa:: perf<,...r ' " ., i.t· tl.1~ spray tank mounted on the teat airplane. This "'l.clud:d both a:.'n o ', , .. :(' ..I~ .. IJ('imination teat.. "
6. Th:'~:r: ...... t"nk functi(\~.d without a mechanical discrepa.m.y dll .. mg t, $6-m;n,~\~! .,~" maht. The only electrical discrepancy noted durin!, the flilM walt I;'~ ':iE, , ... ?! .i~~ht which i.lhtminated momentarily each time t;-,t dia-•• 1Hiuc1.t.:,n p""C~flS 'Io\i"" initia':t'l'! i'r:.tDIc:!l~t::r,~"""cy h:u. ~,.' 3.?;'_= .. ·,l\ e .. t ... :t :, on the ti:!'III.mif1~ .i~~ :1,1>1 v. ..... rtgt o·"j~.'ctionable to the pilot. Twelve di •• emi -' Dations .L·lln. were made 3t altitudes from 300 to 2.000 feet and 350 to 52:) knot. indicated airspeed (KIAS). The diuemin'ltion. period wa.s a.pproxi-: mately 45 aeconda for each of nine runs and on three runs the dissemination period was apprOXimately one minute vel' run. Di8semination occurred whU. the pickle button, located on the leit side of the control stick. was depre .. ed. The pilot noted a slight h.1.nd discomfort while keeping the p~dde button depre .. ed for periods of time in excess of approximately 45 seconds. The correction of thi, discrepan..:y "hould be considered in future desiRn for improved service use. The sFray ta'.lJc and the test airpla.ne ma.intained tJ-e':r,:' ~ structural intellrity during thr' caplive flight portion of the test to 570 KU.3 and 0.895 Iadicated Mach Numbatz' (IMN) in 1 g fHgilt a.nd during norma.l acc:~lerations from 0 to 6 i 'l.t ~gO to ..£30 K:&AS.
7. No unusual ground h:tndling or flight characteristics were encounter~d durinl the taxi and fl;~ht tuc. At 570 KIAS and i'l.t 0.895 IMN. a. slight ncse down pitch and light 3.irframe buffet waa encountered. However. these characteristics wl!'ro not considered to be deficiencies. Results of the test conducted with tht' !!IprAy tank on the A-4B airplane are considered applicable to the A-4B. A·4C and A-4E a\rpla~es.
8. Durin, ;;,,!:U!igbt inspection, no evidence o! powder deposita on the a~rplane were c~,.eo ... ered. However. the three strips of lightly greased or-dnaT • .:e tap'~ were not on the airplane after the test flight. The underside cf the spra, tank aft of the dissemination nozzle had evidence of the talc. a.nd the ins~r;e of the diasemination nozzle fairing was heavily contaminated.
9. ~.hrr a limited teat with the OMI dry agent dissemination tank syater.,. i.t is ':'JIl .. 1uded that:
a. The GMI BW apray ::ank is ct)mplf't.-Iy r.ompat;bll! with the Aero 1A '='''i.terline rack of the A-4B airplane (paragraph 3).
b. The GMI BW spray tank d~H fit satta!, .<;lv1· ilv un ;'~1<': ,Aero ZOA '''';ng ';; . ., rack. of the'" -4Ji al!"!,hl::: (r_ra.jl'aph 3).
c. The contractor's control panel lor the OMI BW spray tank does satisfactorily fit the A-4B cockpit. waa easily readable and conveniently loclLted for pilot use (paralraph 4).
B 3
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Pag~ determined to be Unclassified Reviewed Cnlef, ROD, WHS lAW EO 13526, Section 3.5 lJate:
JUl 19 201!
RMMO-~,!"'-·"? WST3;-80Z
r~"1"ound function te.t. were .ati.1'aetory (parag'!'aph 5).
'!'!\e .".tem fUnctioned .atilfactorlly at altitudes from 300 to ~, 000 f.et .. \\,' ;~u·8pe.d. of 350 and 5'0 KIAS for dinemination periot1. of 'I.,?proxinuat.:,· ':i .~nd 60 'Bcond. {para.; aph 6}.
( "'he (lMI BW .pray tank· ca.:' be .arely c.arried at airsp.!edl \\P to 570 KtA, ,,::.d 0.895 IWN. and ~,."'ing normal accelerations froITI 0 to (. 8 at 380 t(!\~ ;j KIAS (paraluph 6).
. 8. 'Ihe aMI »W spray tank do,. not cause any unusual taJf.i or Hight chanct.ri.del (paralraph 7).: .
h. The GMI BW spray tank does not deposit spray powder on th~ A-4B airplane during in-flight di"eminatlon but dou leave deposits 01' the &iJray tank it.elf (paragraph 8).
i. The results ot tests conducted wIth the A· ~B airplane t-l.rc ap;-,Hcable to the A-4B. A-4C a:ld A-4E airplanes (paragraph 7).
10. It i. recommended that:
&. Eliminatior.. of the requirement to keep the pJc.kle ~utton depr.'s",ed during diSlemination should be considered In future design for improv!d service use.
b. The GMI BW spray tank be cleared to the flight limitation des.~rlbed in this report.
c. Further testing be conducted on the wmg statioTls of a suitably ct.nfigured A-4 type airplane.
JAMES E. VOSE, JR. Ac..thg
8/ G. H. SULT B;' .-!~!'ecticn
Best Available. COP):
