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© T. M. Whitmore
Today•Papua New Guinea & the Pacific
realm (Oceania)
© T. M. Whitmore
Announcements
•Second papers due Friday!None accepted after 5 PM Friday
No emailed papers acceptedStapled, please
•Final Exam 12 noon Monday hereReview session 7 PM, 220 Saunders
© T. M. Whitmore
Last Time•Australia & New Zealand
Physical GeographyPopulation and density issues Historical, economic, and cultural
Immigration and Maori & Aboriginal rights
© T. M. Whitmore
Papua New Guinea & Oceania I•Size, location, and etc
Micro states (thousands of islands and many states)
Spread over thousands of miles of the Pacific
Pacific ~ a hemisphere it self virtually ½ the globe
Total land area is small Islands <4 x NCTotal area ~ 18x NC
Small pop Total ~ = NC; > 1/2 in Papua New Guinea
© T. M. Whitmore
Papua New Guinea & Oceania II
•Physical geographyTropical/equatorial wet (AF - AM) or tropical wet/dry climates (Am)
Aside from New Guinea, 2 island types “high” and “low” (i.e., volcanic mountainous islands or low coral reef islands)
Papua New Guinea has large mtn. range
High Volcanic islands
Low Atoll islands
© T. M. Whitmore
Original settlement & Colonial past
•Initial settlementOver 3000 yrs from 2500 BC
•European voyages of “discovery”1600s – 1700s
•Complex colonial histories for most
•Many still colonial possessionsFranceUSA
© T. M. Whitmore
International Law of the Sea
•Territorial waters vs “high seas”For most = 12 miles
Used to be “cannon shot” distance ~ 3 miles
•Exclusive Economic Zones 200 miles or width of the continental
shelf (whichever is larger) from shoreThus an tiny atoll can claim economic
rights (minerals & fishing etc.) to an area 200 miles across (166,000 sq mi)
John Wiley & Sons.
© T. M. Whitmore
Melanesia
•Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, FijiSome ethnic and linguistic commonality but hundreds of languages
Papua New GuineaNew CaledoniaFiji
Fiji
© T. M. Whitmore
Micronesia•Mostly micro-sized low islands •Former UN sponsored USA trust
area from former Japanese holdings from WWI
•Marshall IslandsOpen air H-bomb nuclear tests in 1950s
Bikini: the article of clothing got its name from the island in the 1950s when the H-bomb tests occurred there
Much USA aid
© T. M. Whitmore
Micronesia•Northern Mariana Islands
Commonwealth of USA (like Puerto Rico)
Large clothing industry using Chinese labor (“made in USA”)
•GuamUSA territoryLarge US military presenceSimilar “made in USA” clothing industry
© T. M. Whitmore
Polynesia
•Hawaii to N. New Zealand Samoa, Tahiti, Hawaii, etc.Amazingly wide spread cultureTourism is main industry
© W.H. Freeman & Co.