© T. M. Whitmore

A few notes about your Papers• Avoid over-reliance on Wikipedia or only

one outside source (textbook)• Globalization – understanding the concept

and making the connections – relate to topic

• Be careful about lack of citations within the paper, or having one citation at the end of a very long paragraph

• Be careful about making broad assertions and then not backing them up

• Greater need in many papers for a strong and focused thesis

• You cannot always generalize the experiences of one country to the rest of the region--scale matters in geography

© T. M. Whitmore

A few notes about sources•Evaluate your sources (be they

books, articles, or web sites)CredibilityBiasAudienceAccuracyCurrencyRelevance

© T. M. Whitmore

Evaluating Articles I:• Credibility

Is there an author listed?Does the author cite sources or a

bibliography?Does the author cite formal credentials

or experience?Can you contact the author?Do you know who published the article?

Are they reputable?• Bias

Does the article present information in an objective manner?

Are all sides of an issue represented, or is this article biased?

© T. M. Whitmore

Evaluating Articles II:• Audience

Are the levels of the articles appropriate to your needs?

Do the articles cover several topics broadly, or one topic in detail?

• Accuracy Does the article provide documentation

for the information provided?Does the article provide information that

contradicts other sources?Does the article include an explanation

of its research methods?

© T. M. Whitmore

Scholarly or professional (i.e., peer-reviewed) journal/article

sources:• Present primary accounts of original research or in-depth analysis of a topic (not a book or other review)

• Are written by researchers, scholars, or practitioners who are considered experts in their fieldNot by journalists or others reporting the research

• Are intended for an audience of other researchers, scholars, or practitioners

• Usually it has an abstract; it has internal citations to other published articles; and it has a bibliography of works cited at the end or in footnotes.

• Undergo a rigorous blind peer review process through an editorial board

• If the article is in a source that is in color and/or has a great number of ads, it probably does not qualify.

© T. M. Whitmore

“Popular” or journalistic sources:

• Provide general information on topics of interest to a wide audience

• Are written by journalists or writers who may or may not have any background or expertise in the subject on which they are writingThey report on others’ research

• Are written for the general public

• Rarely provide citations to source materials

• Undergo a limited editorial review

• Often include glossy photos

© T. M. Whitmore

Websites I: • Credibility

Is there an author listed? Does the author cite sources or a

bibliographyDoes the author cite formal credentials

or experience? Can you contact the author? Do you know who sponsored the page?

Are they reputable?

© T. M. Whitmore

Websites II: • Credibility

Examine the URL - is there a tilde (~) in part of the URL? This implies that a web page is a personal page, even though it is linked to a larger institution. It may not be held to the same standards as the institution's pages, or reflect the institution's views.

Look for an "About this Site" link to learn more about the individual, organization, agency, or corporation hosting the site.

Look for an "about the author" link.Trace the URL back to the parent

institution. Their purpose may influence the validity of your source.

© T. M. Whitmore

Websites III: • Credibility

The domain type might influence the nature of the information you are viewing:

.com - a commercial site. They might be trying to sell you something, so beware

.edu - an academic site, but examine the page's content. Is it a library web page, or a student's pet project?

.gov - reliable because the document is from a U.S. government affiliated site

.org - used by non-profit groups such as public interest organizations, religious groups, and think tanks. These sites may be biased towards the organization's point of view.

© T. M. Whitmore

Websites IV: • Bias/agenda

Does the source present information in an objective manner? Are all sides of an issue represented?

If not, can you determine the bias of the source?

Many organizations publish research reports on their websites. Many organizations have a political agenda. It's important to be aware of any biases that might exist, whether they are liberal or conservative.

What other issues do they research?Do the policies or solutions they propose

have a similar theme?Who heads the organization and what is

their background?

© T. M. Whitmore

More help• Help in the library research process

generally is available on-line from the UNC Libraries at:http://www.lib.unc.edu/instruct/tutorial/

• Citing Informationhttp://www.lib.unc.edu/instruct/citations/

• Evaluating Informationhttp://www.lib.unc.edu/instruct/evaluate/

© T. M. Whitmore

Today

•Chinese mobility

•Chinese economic geography

•Hong Kong

•JapanPhysical geography & hazards

© T. M. Whitmore

Chinese Mobility

•Shift from bicycles to cars

•Maoist structure – small urban collectives

•Shift to suburban structure“Big Box” stores

•Highway construction

•Now #3 producer of cars

Ng Han Guan, AP , USA Today

www.lutherie.net/sold.jpg

© T. M. Whitmore

Chinese history

•Chinese dynasties from 200s BC to ~ 1911Manchu or Qing Dynasty mid 1600s - 1911

•European trade and influence 1700s onward

•Japanese empire

•Post WWII - rise of Communists

© T. M. Whitmore

Silk and Porcelain Products

• Desired by Europeans - Chinese traded for silver/gold

Opium Wars – British push for control of trade

© T. M. Whitmore

Japanese Empire in WW II

© T. M. Whitmore

Post WW2 – Rise of Communism

• Communist takeover in 1949 led by Mao Zedong

• Centrally planned command economy

• 1960s – stamp out capitalism

• Mao died in 1976

© T. M. Whitmore

Chinese Economic geography

•China’s North (Manchuria)•North China plain•Lower Yangtze river basin

(Shanghai)Industrial development

•Sichuan basin•South coastal region

SEZ (Special Economic Zones)

© T. M. Whitmore

Sichuan

Hong Kong

© T. M. Whitmore

© John Wiley & Sons

© T. M. Whitmore

© John Wiley & Sons

Suzhou Industrial Park – in Jiangsu province (near Shanghai)

www.sipac.gov.cn/english

SIPs Industries and Foreign Investment

www.sipac.gov.cn/english

© T. M. Whitmore

© 2002 Manfred LeiterChina town in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Shenzhen SEZ (Special Economic Zone) - in Guangdong Province

© T. M. Whitmore

Perspectives and problemsNew economic regionsStrong economic growthAgriculture vs popPollution etc.

© John Wiley & Sons

www.trekearth.com

© T. M. Whitmore

Hong Kong

•History/cultureBritish colony for 100 years

•Economy/settlementEntrepotHighest density of skyscrapers on earth in Victoria and Kowloon

© T. M. Whitmore

© T. M. Whitmore

© T. M. Whitmore

© T. M. Whitmore

© T. M. Whitmore

Hong Kong Harbor

www.trekearth.com

© T. M. Whitmore

Japan

•Physical geography Climates from like Maine to Florida

Located on several plate margins Many earthquakes & volcanoes

Mostly mountains

© T. M. Whitmore

“Ring of Fire”

‘Quakes 1900-2000

© T. M. Whitmore

• Earthquake Location

• 5.1 - 3/29/07 – Yesterday

• USGS.gov