Organic PolymersCarbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Water

Solvent

Temperature regulator

Lubricant

Acids and Bases

Acids release H+ in water

Bases release OH- in water

pH measures the amount of H+ in a solution

Buffers maintain pH

Organic Molecules

Polymers Monomers Synthesis/dehydration Hydrolysis

http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide Disaccharides Polysaccharides

Monosaccharides

Cellular respiration

A component of cellulose, starch and glycogen

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

Starch Glycogen Cellulose

Starch

Stored form of glucose in plants

Glycogen

Storage form of glucose in animals

Is a short term energy storage

Stored in the liver and muscle

Act as surface markers on the cell membrane

Cellulose

Found in plant walls

Their bonds are structurally different

Lipids

Long term energy storage Main component of cell membrane Act as chemical messengers in the form

of hormones

Triglycerides (neutral fats)

Phospholipids

Phospholipid Bilayer

Saturated Fats

Unsaturated Fats

Steroid Hormones

Soaps

Emulsifiers Have polar and non polar ends

Proteins

Enzymes Antibodies Hormones Carriers on surface of cell membrane Transport proteins

Amino acid (monomer)

Dipeptides

Denaturation of Proteins

Extreme heat Change in pH Heavy metals (lead, mercury)

Nucleic Acids

DNA RNA ATP

DNA

Cell Division Protein Synthesis

DNA

RNA

Aids in protein synthesis

Nucleotides

ATP