SIGMUND SIGMUND FREUD:FREUD:

SOCIALIZATION as SOCIALIZATION as PSYCHOSEXUAL PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

How does Freud explain How does Freud explain socialization and self socialization and self

development?development? Through a process of psychosexual Through a process of psychosexual

development with the following stages:development with the following stages: 1. The Oral stage from birth to two1. The Oral stage from birth to two

Oral gratification as the focus for pleasure seekingOral gratification as the focus for pleasure seeking Parent/child conflict over turn taking and delaying Parent/child conflict over turn taking and delaying

gratification gratification

2. The Anal stage from two to four2. The Anal stage from two to four Anal gratification as the focus for pleasure seekingAnal gratification as the focus for pleasure seeking Parent/child conflict over toilet trainingParent/child conflict over toilet training

3. Phallic stage four to seven3. Phallic stage four to seven Discovery of genitals and masturbationDiscovery of genitals and masturbation The Oedipal and Electra complexesThe Oedipal and Electra complexes

The young boy competes with his father for The young boy competes with his father for the love of the motherthe love of the mother

The young girl competes with her mother for The young girl competes with her mother for the love of the fatherthe love of the father

If resolved successfully the children realize If resolved successfully the children realize that mom belongs to dad, that dad belongs to that mom belongs to dad, that dad belongs to mom, and that they will have to get their own mom, and that they will have to get their own dates for New Year’s Evedates for New Year’s Eve

Personality development is completed: “Child Personality development is completed: “Child is father to man.”is father to man.”

Self as processual and productSelf as processual and product

4. Latency stage from seven to puberty4. Latency stage from seven to puberty The child turns away from emotional The child turns away from emotional

development to pursue intellectual developmentdevelopment to pursue intellectual development No parent/child conflicts to resolveNo parent/child conflicts to resolve

5. Genital stage from puberty on5. Genital stage from puberty on Adult sexuality becomes the focus for emotional Adult sexuality becomes the focus for emotional

developmentdevelopment Parent/adolescent conflicts over friends, lovers, Parent/adolescent conflicts over friends, lovers,

and whom adolescents want to become as adultsand whom adolescents want to become as adults

STRUCTURE of the STRUCTURE of the PSYCHEPSYCHE

Freud’s concept of psyche includes Freud’s concept of psyche includes three aspects or elements: three aspects or elements: id/ego/superegoid/ego/superego The “id” is the natural/biological side of the The “id” is the natural/biological side of the

psychepsyche The id is unconsciousThe id is unconscious The id is primitive, irrationalThe id is primitive, irrational The id operates on the ”pleasure principle”The id operates on the ”pleasure principle” seeking instant gratification of the actor’s seeking instant gratification of the actor’s

needsneeds Especially pleasure seeking and aggressive behaviorEspecially pleasure seeking and aggressive behavior

The ego is a cultural element in the The ego is a cultural element in the Psyche that is socially constructed Psyche that is socially constructed through interactions between parent through interactions between parent and childand child

The ego is consciousThe ego is conscious The individual as agentThe individual as agent The ego operates on the “reality principle”The ego operates on the “reality principle”

If the individual wants the benefits of Modern If the individual wants the benefits of Modern Civilization, she must defer immediate gratification Civilization, she must defer immediate gratification until she “pays her dues,” i.e., work comes before playuntil she “pays her dues,” i.e., work comes before play

The ego is a mediator between: the id and The ego is a mediator between: the id and superego and between the individual and superego and between the individual and societysociety

The superego is another cultural element that The superego is another cultural element that is socially constructed through interactions is socially constructed through interactions between parent and childbetween parent and child The superego is unconsciousThe superego is unconscious ““The operation of culture in the individual”The operation of culture in the individual” The superego is formed through the internalization The superego is formed through the internalization

of the authority of the parentsof the authority of the parents The child learns and internalizes the norms, values, and The child learns and internalizes the norms, values, and

behavioral expectations of her parentsbehavioral expectations of her parents The superego is an internal control system that makes The superego is an internal control system that makes

social interactions relatively smoothsocial interactions relatively smooth aka “conscience”aka “conscience”

Thanks to Michael.T.Ryan for main contents of this ppt. Thanks to Michael.T.Ryan for main contents of this ppt.