7.4 Volcanic Landforms

Ch. 7.4 Vocabulary Shield Volcano Cinder Cone Composite Volcano Caldera Volcanic Neck Dike Sill Batholith Geothermal Activity Geyser

Volcanoes have created some of Earth’s most spectacular landforms.

Landforms From Lava and Ash

Volcanic eruptions create landforms made of lava, ash, and other materials.

Landforms: shield volcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, composite volcanoes, and lava plateaus.

Shield Volcano

Cinder Cone Volcano

Composite Volcano

Caldera

Soils from Lava and Ash

People often settle close to volcanoes to take advantage of the fertile volcanic soil.

(Fertile Soil -able to support plant growth. )

Soils from Lava and Ash

When volcanic ash breaks down, it releases potassium, phosphorus, and other substances that plants need.

Some volcanic soils are among the richest soils in the world.

Volcanic Neck

Dike

Sill

Landforms from Magma

Batholith

DOME MOUNTAINS Dome Mountains – form when an

uplift pushes a batholith or smaller body of hardened magma toward the surface. The hardened magma forces the layers of rock to bend upward into a dome shape.

Geothermal Activity – heat from Earth’s interior

Geo – meaning “Earth”Therme – meaning “heat”

In geothermal activity, magma a few kilometers beneath Earth’s surface heats underground water.

Hot Springs – form when groundwater is heated by a nearby body of magma or by hot rock deep underground.

Yellowstone Caldera : The Biggest Volcanic Eruption Ever Awaits Mankind

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iGJlYgp43s