{Rome the Republic

Ms. Lasater

World HistoryPOD 1

Government

Republic 2 elected consuls were the

head Served a one-year term Controlled the army

Senate Leaders from the Patricians Law-makers Controlled spending Chosen by Consuls Served for life 300 seats

Assembly Plebeians Had limited power BUT they

elected the consuls Consuls had to gain support

of the plebeian class

SPQR

Senatus Populus Que Romanus

Chiseled on public buildings, armor, coins, park benches

Anything that belonged to the state

“The Senate and the People of Rome”

Kings were no longer in charge

The Forum

Main marketplace and business center

Banking, trading, shopping, and marketing

Also a place for public speaking

Great orators Argued persuasively

Festivals and religious ceremonies

Go to a temple to leave a gift for one of their gods

Roman Baths

At least once a day Included:

Hot and cold pools Slaves to wait on you Steam rooms Saunas Exercise rooms Hair salons Reading rooms

Think of is as a large mall with bathing pools

900 public baths in Rome Part of daily life

Kids couldn’t use them There was an admission

charge Slaves couldn’t use them But people brought their

slaves as attendants

Roman Legion Legion

5000 men Each had a banner, leader,

number and nickname Uniform

Rectangular shield Short sword Dagger Metal jacket Helmet Belt Kilt Shirt Hobnailed sandals

Service Legionary served for 25 years Retirement

Given land and a pension Gave retired military a place to

call home in the country that they would defend

Placed loyal military men all over the provinces

Roman Roads

“All roads lead to Rome”

It was true! Rome was the heart

of the republic Each time a new city

was conquered, a road was built from that city back to Rome

Milestones told how far it was to Rome

Hannibal & Carthage Carthage- ancient city-state

in North Africa- 300 miles from Rome

First Punic War Carthage controlled 3

islands off Italy’s coast Rome wanted Carthage to

join its republic Fought for 20 years Neither won Rome took Sicily, Sardinia

and Corsica Hannibal

9-year-old son of the general at the First Punic War- vowed to make Rome pay

Clever general Snakes plan Wanted to conquer all of

Spain

Not this creepy one…But this one

Second Punic War Second Punic War

Spanish city asked for help but Rome attacked Carthage instead of Hannibal

Hannibal planned to march 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 calvary, and 37 elephants from Spain

Route was more rugged than he expected

Carthage agreed to peace terms Carthage changed their mind and

Rome defeated Carthage but didn’t catch Hannibal

Second set of peace terms: Carthage leave Spain, Gaul and

Italy Reduce their navy to 10

warships Pay 10,000 talents in war

damages in 50 annual payments over 50 years

Rome finally caught up with Hannibal but he swallowed poison rather than surrender (he was 64)

Julius Caesar

Month of July named after him

People trusted him and believed he could solve Rome’s problems

Problems of the Republic Crime Taxes Hunger Unemployment Slave labor dependency

Spoke openly about problems and solutions

Leaders in the Senate were afraid Caesar would take power and rule as a king

Entered Rome in 49 BCE with Roman Legion to take over the government

Poor people were glad; Senate was furious

Julius Caesar Caesar defeated Pompey

and the Senate’s forces and became the master of Rome

Improvements Relieved debt Enlarged the Senate Built the Forum Iulium Revised the calendar

Assassinated by a group of Senators led by Cassius and Brutus on the Ides of March (15) 44 BCE

Assassination sparked civil wars that ended the Republic and Caesar’s great nephew, Octavian, became the first emperor of Rome