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RhabdovirusesRhabdoviruses Rhabies virus is the medically important member of the rhabdovirus.Rhabies virus is the medically important member of the rhabdovirus. It has a single-stranded RNA .It has a single-stranded RNA . It has bullet-shaped capsid surrounded by a lipoprotein envelope .It has bullet-shaped capsid surrounded by a lipoprotein envelope . The virion contains an RNA polymerase .The virion contains an RNA polymerase . Rabies virus has a single antigenic type .Rabies virus has a single antigenic type . It can infect all mammals .It can infect all mammals . Virus isolated directly from infected animals is called (street virus).Virus isolated directly from infected animals is called (street virus). Virus passaged in rabbit brains is (fixed virus) .Virus passaged in rabbit brains is (fixed virus) .

Factor determine the incubation periodFactor determine the incubation period

1.1. Virus concentration in the inoculum. Virus concentration in the inoculum.

2.2. Proximity of the wound to the brain.Proximity of the wound to the brain.

3.3. Severity of the wound .Severity of the wound .

4.4. Host immune status .Host immune status .

Postexposure vaccination decisionPostexposure vaccination decision

The decision depend on :The decision depend on :1.1. The type of animal (all wild animal demand The type of animal (all wild animal demand

immunization) .immunization) .

2.2. The severity of the bite and its location .The severity of the bite and its location .

3.3. If the attack by domestic animal ,whether the animal If the attack by domestic animal ,whether the animal immunized or available to be observed .immunized or available to be observed .

4.4. Whether Rabies is endemic in the area .Whether Rabies is endemic in the area .

Types of human rabies vaccineTypes of human rabies vaccine

Simple vaccine Simple vaccine 1.1. Phenole –inactivated virus vaccine prepared in brains of rabbits ,sheep Phenole –inactivated virus vaccine prepared in brains of rabbits ,sheep

or goats .,or goats .,2.2. Widely used in developing countries .Widely used in developing countries .3.3. CheapeCheape ,liable to cause neuroparalytic reaction . ,liable to cause neuroparalytic reaction .4.4. Given as 21 injections subcutaneusly .Given as 21 injections subcutaneusly . Duck embryo vaccineDuck embryo vaccine1.1. Virus in activated with Beta-propiolactone. Virus in activated with Beta-propiolactone. 2.2. Free from neural tissue .Free from neural tissue .3.3. Cause allergic reactions , relatively ineffective antigen.Cause allergic reactions , relatively ineffective antigen. Human diploid cell strain virus (HDCS)Human diploid cell strain virus (HDCS)1.1. Virus inactivated with Beta prpiolactone .Virus inactivated with Beta prpiolactone .2.2. The most widely used vaccine in developed The most widely used vaccine in developed

countries .countries .ExpensiveExpensive33. . Full course of HDCS vaccine consists of 6 doses given on days Full course of HDCS vaccine consists of 6 doses given on days

0,3,7,14 , , 30 and 90 days .0,3,7,14 , , 30 and 90 days .

Treatment and Prevention of RabiesTreatment and Prevention of Rabies

Preexposure and post exposure control Preexposure and post exposure control ..

PreexposurePreexposure Immunization of individuals in high-risk such as, zoo Immunization of individuals in high-risk such as, zoo

keeper ,veterinarians ,travelers to hyperendemic areas .keeper ,veterinarians ,travelers to hyperendemic areas .

PostexposurePostexposure Rabies is a viral infection that, if untreated , is always Rabies is a viral infection that, if untreated , is always

fatal . fatal . Postexposure immunizationPostexposure immunization involveinvolve thethe useuse ofof Vaccine Vaccine

and human rabies immune globuline (HRIG).and human rabies immune globuline (HRIG).