© Prof. Dr. Ulrich D. Holzbaur, AAUAS STZAM 03/07/2015 - 1 Planning games and Prepared Projects to Educate Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurship, start-ups

© Prof. Dr. Ulrich D. Holzbaur, AAUAS STZAM 19/04/23 - 1

Planning games and Prepared Projectsto Educate Entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurship, start-ups and project economy Education for entrepreneurship Planning games, simulations, management games, wargames How can planning games support entrepreneurship ? How to develop a management game for a special purpose How to adapt a management game for your didactical situation How to use projects

Prof. Dr. Ulrich Holzbaur AAUAS - Aalen University of Applied Science Steinbeis Transfer Centre for Applied Management Aalen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany


Planning Game:teaching and experiment

planning game, management game,simulation gamewargame, exercise

Model of the real world Simulation & Decision Controlled experiment

Next, let us lower the sales figures and measure his stress symptoms


Planning Games

Learning by playing Didactics Situations

Planning Game Initial Conditions = Starting Position Decisions to be made Dynamics = Rule Criteria

Conceptual Basis Dynamics Decision Goal Didactics

Planning game is more than hard + soft - ware


Related methods for teaching and trainingand their core aspects

Scenariosalternatives

Case StudyAnalysis

Simulationdynamics

Gamesfun

Planning Games

real world projectsreality

Teachingknowledge

Edutainmenteducation and fun

dynamics

E-learningknowledge

Exerciseunserstanding

Discussionunderstanding


Aspects of planning games

Activation Trainee Trainer

Model based Real world model

Decision oriented Dynamics

Intrinsic system dynamics External effects Trainer actions

Event Didactics

didactical considerations didactical context


Advantagesof planning games

Activating-> efficient

Real world model-> effective

Decision oriented-> effective

Reproducable-> reliable-> fair

Scenarios

Case Study

Simulation

Games

Real world

projects

Teaching

E-learning

Exercise


Competences

Facts (statements)

Knowledge (systems)

Problem solving competence

Social CompetenceIntercultural Competence

Personal Competence

Ethical Competence


Scope

Classical Games Computer Games Simulations (what-if) Exercises

Management Decision & Leadership

Business, Economicsmicro/ makro

DevelopmentSW-Development

Science andEngineering


Planning games

Paper-based (Instructions) Board-based (Cards, Board, Dice) Computer-based Role-oriented vs. State-oriented

Facts

SelfProblem solving

Your role is ... You are ....You are responsible for ...You will be evaluated ...You may ...

Your role is ... You are ....You are responsible for ...You will be evaluated ...You may ...


Planning Games forSustainable Development

Sustainable Development in a global context (Rio+10)

Economy Environment Social

Sustainable Development of the company

Economic aspect Shareholders Short term vs. long term

Social and environmental aspects Stakeholders Holistic thinking

Sustainable development Continuity Risk


Öko² - oeko2Planning Game for Sustainable Development

Evaluation of the player according to the relevant variables


How to use planning games for entrepreneurship

Education (university, school): Special course within the curriculum Embedded method within courses on special subjects

management, quality/ project/ risk/ environmental management accounting, marketing, controlling, enterpreneuring

Startup for newcomers: Facts Skills Motivation

Lifelong learning: Test & Evaluate … Gain & Improve & Enlarge …

Evaluation of business plans Plausibility, feasibilty, risk, strategy


Planning games match entrepreneurship skills

Planning games provide an optimal match for the competences needed by entrepreneurs:

Give the potential entrepreneur the Facts and Knowledge Problem solving competence Social Competence and Intercultural Competence Personal Competence and self-esteem Ethical Competence

which are needed to Plan: start a company and make the right decisions Communicate: get the money, personnell and customers Manage: run the company Control the operations and establish the management systems Decide optimally in routine and critical situations

Business Simulations allow to identify misplanning and risks


Computer based planning gamese.g.: TOPSIM

strategic start-up simulation Phases

Idea and business plan Foundation - constitutive decisions Market entry and competition Evaluation

business areas Production (high-tech sports equipment) Commerce (eCommerce, books/CDs) Services High-Tech (bio-technology)

Problem areas/ challenges Business / finance Technical Social


TOPSIM General Manger

TOPSIM General Manager is a Computer based business simulation



TOPSIM Startup Objectives

Learning how to think and act in an entrepreneurial way. Interpreting market situations and market results. Calculating customer benefits/competitive advantages. Coping with the complexity of information in a start-up situation. Setting up a business plan using the given information basis. Developing negotiation competence towards investors. Identifying

success factors for the start-up business critical values for the success of a company.

Teamwork and learning to assess personal capabilities. Using management methods and instruments for decision-making.


TOPSIM Startup Simulation Phases

Ideas: Check chances of realization (product concept / realization; product life cycle; potential of demand; customer target groups, positioning, competitive advantages).

Business plan: Setting up a meaningful business plan (business idea, product idea, target group, USP, Estimates and plans for sales,porduction, logistics, strategy and marketing mix, plans for investments, finance plan

Foundation: Making constitutive decisions (legal structure, borrowing of capital, buying/renting of buildings, buying equipment, recruiting and training of staff).

Market entry: first „stress phase“ (difficult customers, organizational, time and capacity limits)

Evaluation


Other examples of planning games for management scills (paper based)

Number factory Players “produce” numbers Each player has different

Information Role and responsibility Behaviour

Planning takes place on different levels: Production (to calculate the mumbers) Organization (mass production, push-pull, R&D, ) Communication (rules, culture)

Albuchmühle Players plan the future for a mill Core aspects:

Marketing Environmental and risk management

Players have hidden agenas

Your role is ...

You are ....

You are responsible for ...

You will be evaluated ...

You may ...

You want to ...

You are planning to ...

Your role is ...

You are ....

You are responsible for ...

You will be evaluated ...

You may ...

You want to ...

You are planning to ...


Planning Games

Wargames and strategic games The Settlers of Catan, Check, …..

Economic Simulation Games with graphic visualization Beer, Zoo Tycoon, …

Number-Based Economic Simulation Games TOPSIM, FondManager, ….

Management Simulations Project management, in-basket

Internet Based Games MARGA, TOPSIM, StockMarketTraining

Paper and Board Simulation Factory,

Startup Computer Simulation (typically based on MS-Excel) UGS-SIM, UGS-Game


Planning games are more than software

Didactic environment: Prepare Coach Evaluate

Teamwork Competition Presentations of the teams

Idea Company startup meeting Business plan Annual reports


How to make your own planning game:planning game development

Develop the Planning GameSW or paper based

Select and adapt the Planning Game

Prepare the individual training course

Prepare the individual training unit

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Steps in planning game development

Purpose and Didactics Conditions for use, level, skills Hardware/ software/ paper/ trainer Modeling of real world and training situation Design/ Software design / Paper layout Implementation Selection for the specific purpose Adaptation to the learning situation Preparation (didactics) Briefing Game Debriefing Evaluation


Modeling: real world and training

design and implementation

of planning game

modeling of the real world and of the training situation

use of planning game for education /training

real world knowledge model and

experiences

trainer/ coach

planning game (software, text, graphics)

real world model for training training model

real world

traineereal world experiences


aspects and competences for design and implementation of planning

games

design and implementation of planning game

modeling

didactics

computer science / simulation

problem solving knowledge

real world knowledge

psychology

programming

theory tools


Lego Tower planning game on project management

The planning game: LEGO tower Project management

Planning Estimation Implementation Controlling

Magic triad Height Resources and Staff Time

The project Adapt the Game Plan the Event Organise Evaluate the Event


Lego Towera planning game


The Project Triad

Project Planning T = planning time R = personnel (fixed) Q = plan / financial gain

Tower Planning T = building time R = stones + persons Q = height

Umsetzung T = building time R = stones + persons Q = height

Q

T R

Q

T R


LEGO tower briefing

A tower with an altitude of at least 100 cm has to be built from LEGO bricks. The time for construction must not be longer than 1 minute and the tower must stand stable for at least one minute. The target price is 1000 U. You have to submit a proposal. Your company expects a financial gain of 200 U.

The customer has his own ideas regarding the height and construction time, but he is willing to pay for improvements. You´ll get the appointment if additional costs are justified by corres pon ding improvements. The proposal (planning) phase can last for 30 minutes. Within the proposal time it is allowed to work with the bricks, but before start all bricks have to be separated.

Each additional cm earns 20 U, each cm below 1 m costs 30 U. Every second of construction time (more or less) gives 10 U. Each brick costs 5 U. Each worker employed for construction costs 100 U.




Mocro Eco Nomy

The game is based on the following materials which are available as templates in a PDF-format or available in a toy shop (if the Lego materials are too expensive, they can also be replaced by paper.

Board (company) one for each company Acquisition Market Distribution market Bank Money coins (1€, 5€, and 10€ - coins)* Firm accounts for each company Income statement and

game balance sheet for each company Lego-plates & lego-stones (raw materials)


Micro Eco Nomy

Board based game

Start: loan

Buy

money

Procurement

Sales Production


Micro Eco Nomy

Produce

Sell

Pay interest plus fixed costs

money

Procurement

Sales Production


Micro Eco Nomy


The Prepared Project Method (PPM)

Treats projects like planning games: Preparation, Model aspects Allows to carry out projects that have

a real-life training effect for the students excellent chances of success a positive impact on community development and on the public perception of the university.


Projects

Give students insight and knowledge Show that students can support quality and sustainability Public perception is high – this also motivates the teams. Projects must be prepared carefully

and cooperation with partners must be sought and cultivated. Empirical Background: own projects

Theses (final, study theses) 25 Y 300 150 PY Industrial projects 20 Y 20 20 PY Classical students´ projects 15 Y 200 30 PY Prepared project method 5 Y 200 50 PY

Students from several semesters participate in each individual project, which gives additional challenges and chances for students and project partners


Planning Games

Planning Game Method of teaching Initial Conditions = Starting Position Decisions to be made Dynamics

Conceptual Basis Model of the real world Simulation & Decision Controlled experiment Method of teaching Method of learning

Prepared Projects Method

Next, let us lower the sales figures and measure his stress symptoms


Planning Games and Projects

Aspect Planning game PPM

Model The learning situation and decisions cannot take place in reality.

Planned projects are selected prototypes of projects. By means of intensive prepa ration, the risk is reduced

Decision The decision aspect is crucial for management, planning games and projects

The decisions and their consequences stand in the foreground.

Decisions are necessary to achieve the goals

Dynamics The learning situation is embedded into a dynamic and changing scenario

Dynamics are implemented by a software, script or trainer.

Dynamics are given by the project phases and the evolution of the project

Didactics

Pedagogy

The planning game and the planned project have a purpose in training and education. They are adapted to a specific training situation and must be adapted to the situation and guided by an experienced supervisor or trainer.

Effect Training oriented (no impact on reality) Outcome and education oriented


The Triad – The Magic Triangle of Project Management

Quality, Results,Vision, Deliverables

Q

Resources RStaff, Money, Credit Points

T Time Milestone, Timeline,Course schedule

External targets•Learning effect for the team•Contribution to course aim•Project result for customers

Internal targetsViability

Achieve the aims within the

course.

Optimal match


The Roles of the Supervisorwithin the project

Evaluate

examine

assess

mark

starting presentation

project presentation

presentation of results

final presentation

help

define

supervise project

support the

planning process

solve problems

teach, train

control quality


The Iceberg

background and support, ressources long term planning

Projectstudents´perception

training and evaluationstakeholder management


Tasks of the Supervisorwithin PPM

Preparation

students´ project

Continuous Improvement Process


PPM Schedule Overview

week

-104 Collect ideas and get into contact with potential projects partners

-104 Plan the long term projects. Contact potential project partners

- 52 Plan the medium term projects. Contact potential project partners - 30 Define series of projects for one or several semesters- 14 With the previous semester’s project finalisation ideas for subsequent projects arise- 9 Select the projects for the forthcoming semester- 8 Develop a concise project understanding including scope and deli ver ables- 7 Fine tune project with the projects partners, customers and sponsors.- 6 Publish a preliminary list of projects to get feedback from the students - 2 Adjust number and scope of projects according to the expected number of students-1 Publish the formal project definitions including partners and preliminary aims.

0 Open the projects for enrolment.+1 Adjust number and scope of projects according to the actual number of students+ 2 Kick-off-presentations and internal project definition+ 3 Teams get in contact with their customers and stakeholders. External project definition+ 5 Project presentation (Project definition: aims, vision, deliverables, resources, schedule)+ 8 Intermediate presentation (Project controlling)

+ 12 Final presentations for project partners + 12 Define subsequent projects + 14 Joint final presentation of all semesters and projects + 15 Press release on project+ 16 Regular due date for deliverables+ 22 Planning for subsequent projects + 23 Final due date for deliverables + 24 Aftermath, improvement of materials, press release on project consequence

+ 26 Next generation of projects starts


PPM Schedule Overview


PPM Schedule Preparation

week

-104 Collect ideas and get into contact with potential projects partners

-104 Plan the long term projects. Contact potential project partners

- 52 Plan the medium term projects. Contact potential project partners

- 30 Define series of projects for one or several semesters

- 14 With previous semester’s project finalisation, ideas for projects arise

- 9 Select the projects for the forthcoming semester

- 8 Develop a concise project understanding including scope and deli ver ables

- 7 Fine tune project with the projects partners, customers and sponsors.

- 6 Publish a preliminary list of projects to get feedback from the students

- 2 Adjust number and scope according to the expected number of students

-1 Publish the formal project definitions including partners and preliminary aims.

0


PPM Schedule Conduction

week0 Open the projects for enrolment.

+1 Adjust number and scope of projects to the actual number of students+ 2 Kick-off-presentations and internal project definition+ 3 Teams get in contact with their customers and stakeholders.+4 External project definition+ 5 Project presentation (aims, vision, deliverables, resources, schedule)+ 8 Intermediate presentation (Project controlling)

+ 12 Final presentations for project partners + 12 Define subsequent projects + 14 Joint final presentation of all semesters and projects + 15 Press release on project+ 16 Regular due date for deliverables


PPM Schedule Finalisation and Aftermath

week

+ 14 With the project finalisation ideas for subsequent projects arise

+ 15 Press release on project

+ 16 Regular due date for deliverables

+ 22 Planning for subsequent projects

+ 23 Final due date for deliverables

+ 24 Improvement of materials, press release on project consequence

+ 26 Next generation of projects starts


Project Examples the landscape


The UNESCO Decade ProjectEducation for Sustainable Development

The module „Quality and Sustainability“ and the project „Green Eel - Environmental Management for Scools“ were recognised asOfficial German Projects for the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development


Project Examplescity projects

City marketing and development studies for city management Status, image analysis, concept development City Event Management

Research on security feeling and causes of fear population survey (15000 questionnaires, 4500 responses) expert interviews cooperation with police city administration polls to test the validity and acceptance of the main survey detailed analyses as a consequence

Survey on the protection of juveniles from alcohol abuse according to the law for the protection of the youth Instruction of personnel al point of sales


Project Examples Environmental management system

The green eel – EMS for schools (the eel is from the coat of arms of Aalen)

Concepts and activities instead of formalism:Peer auditing system

Development of criteria and handbooks

Support for implementation Participation in Audits


Project Examples Community and Tourism

Barrier-free tourism status analysis of Aalen City

with respect to handicapped people’s mobility.

Implementing a barrier free city as a contribution to tourism development

Regional Marketing and development of a regional brand “green tours” to promote local tourism and direct marketing

for farmers Regional brand and Virtual Regional Mall

Regional Tourisms


Project Examples Local Agenda 21

Support of the youth newspaper edited by juveniles for juveniles

providing infrastructure and training Agenda Group for renewable resources and energy saving Local Agenda 21

Initiation, Infrastructure Support on structural decisions

Industrial Environmental Management Initiation of Auditing Convoy (for companies in a city)

LA 21-Activities (schools, teachers) Suburban development Landscape protection Networking for labour-seeking juveniles


Projects in Engineering Mill

Documentation of a historical mill Photo 2-D 3-D Animation

Analysis of Flows Material (wheat, chaff) Energy Information


Project Examples Engineering - Didactical Sundial

Analysis, Drawings, Construction Optimisation, Production preparation Didactical Aspects and Users' Manual


Project Examples Quality of the University

Process Optimisation Evaluation Workshops


Project Examples Engineering – solar steam engine

Generation of Steamfor a steam engine

Design,development,construction.

Students´ solution: Reflector Dish Antenna Steam Engine


Project Examples planning game on project management

The planning game: LEGO tower Project management

Planning and estimation Performance and controlling

Magic triad Height Resources and Staff Time

The project Adapt the Game Plan the Event Organise Evaluate the Event


The success factor / tool Work Breakdown Structure

Work packages as a basis for Planning Scheduling Organising Controlling Evaluating


Project Benefitsand Problems

Students Skills Solve practical problems, learn about the future political

environment Influence the decisions and future development

Community/ Government benefits Problems are analysed and researched methodically Solutions are assessed independently, future activities are

analysed holistically. Projects that require specialized skills or planning competence

are addressed. With a project, customers also buy into the skill and knowledge

of the supervisor. University benefits

Effective and efficient education Project portfolio covers the course subjects Public perception Chance to solve also internal problems


Success Factors

Success criteria for projects Success criteria for planning and controlling

Project Selection

Project Work

Planning Definition

PR Post-Processing

Stakeholder Management

Education


Success Factors for planning and controlling

Detailed and careful planning Aspects of planning games

Careful Planning giving space for alternatives allowing students to define aims and targets

Concentration on the early project phasesaims, targets, visions, partners, stakeholders

Supervision and control via reviews and presentations

Trust in the students´ teams´ engagementMotivation by delegation


Success Factors for projects

A positive effect for society and/or university. A learning effect with respect to the course objectives

Contribution of the individual project within the project portfolio. A good balance between viability and effect.

A project customer (sponsor, main stakeholder) that is willing to support the team.

Trust and confidence among stakeholders, teams and supervisor.

Students Skills


Summary

PPM Project Learning Planning Games Approaches

Detailed Planning Enough Flexibility

Success factors Professionalism and mutual trust Stakeholder management Careful preparation

Documents

© Prof. Dr. Ulrich D. Holzbaur, AAUAS STZAM 03/07/2015 - 1 Planning games and Prepared Projects to Educate Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurship, start-ups