„Preservation– to care about the only planet we have.”

Bats and Caves

Authors: Dominika Saltarska, Anna Nowakowska, Krzysztof Kramarczyk, Bartosz Król, Karolina Sikorska,

Opiekun: mgr Monika StelmachGimnazjum nr 3 w Częstochowie

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„Moje miejsce na Ziemi”

Contents

IntroductionHistoryCaves and BatsThe EndBibliography

Introduction

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By this presentation we wish you to consider your attention at endangered species of bats and their natural environment - caves. We would like to invitie you to see our presentation!

Contents

History

Caves of Jura are one of the largest caves in Poland. Jurassic limestone was formed as a result of deposition on the seabed shellfish in the Jurassic period. Gradually succumbing to erosion, have created caves as a form of karst. Especially a lot of caves located in the vicinity of Ojców. The first traces of primitive man in the Poland encountered in caves.

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They were a refuge for him from wild animals and the conditions of modern times were atmospheric. Cave were hiding places during the wars, but also they were used to protect the robbers. Some have their own legends, such as the Short Cave, where supposedly, the Polish king was hidden during the fighting for the throne led agains the Czech king Wenceslas II.

Caves and Bats

Beczkowa (50 m long, 16 m deep), Biśnik (950 m long, 15 m deep) , Błotna (140 m long, 42 m deep) , Ciasny Awen (150 m long, 37 m deep) , Ciemna (230 m long, 65 m deep) , Dziewicza (64 m long, 10 m deep), Gorenicka (55 m long, 7 m deep), Koziarnia (90 m long), Kryspinowska (255 m long, 5 m deep), Kręta (44 m long) , Mamutowa (105 m long) , Mąciwody (185 m long, 23 m deep) , Na Kamieniu (100 m long) , Łopiankach (65 m long), Na Świniuszce (127 m long, 37 m deep) Nad Źródłem (130 m long, 16 m deep), Nietoperzowa (306 m long, 23 m deep), Olsztyńska (40 m long, 24 m deep), Pod Baczynem (950 m long, 15 m deep), Racławicka (168 m long, 26 m deep), Smocza Jama (276 m long, 9 m deep), Studnisko (75 m deep), Szeroki Aven (170 m long, 59 m deep), Sąspowska (100 m long, 13 m deep) , In Wąwóz Żarski (60 m long), Wierna (1027 m long, 30 m deep), Wierzchowska Górna (950 m long, 15 m deep), Łabajowa (40 m long) , Łokietka (320 m long, 7 m deep), Contents

There are many bats on the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland . There are 17 species of bats. They live in caves. There are five

rare species :

Greater Horseshoe Bat , Brown long-eared bat, Lesser horseshoe bat ,

Parti-coloured Bat.Besides them, there are :

Greater mouse-eared bat, Bechstein's Bat, Natterer's bat,

Whiskered bat, Geoffroy's Bat,

Brandt's Bat, Pond Bat, Daubenton's Bat, Northern Bat,

Serotine bat, Common Noctule,

Grey long-eared bat Barbastelle.

There are many caves in The Kraków- Częstochowa Upland.

The most beautiful and well - known are:

Klik

Greater Horseshoe Bat

Greater Horseshoe Bat - is a European bat of the Rhinolophus genus. The Greater Horseshoe Bat is on average between 57 and 71 mm long, with a 35–43 mm tail and a 350–400 mm wingspan.

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It weighs up to 30 grams. The fur of the species is soft and fluffy. They inhabit forest, open and cultivated land. Using echolocation, they hunt small to medium-sized insects such as beetles, moths and flies. Gestation period lasts 75 days. Females give birth to one young. The babies are born in June or July. Young bat is able to fly after 3 weeks

Brown long-eared bat

Brown long-eared bat - have strikingly large ears. This species appears to prefer caves as roosting sites, but roosts in trees holes, buildings and bat boxes as well. It hunts above woodland, often by day, and mostly for moths, gleaning insects from leaves and bark.

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Echolocation is used to find prey. The frequencies used by this bat species for echolocation lie between 27-56 kHz. The ears are nearly as long as the body but are not always obvious. The Brown Long-eared bat is the second most common species in Britain and is found throughout the UK, Ireland and the Isle of Man.

Lesser horseshoe bat

Lesser horseshoe bat - gets its name from its distinctive horseshoe-shaped nose. It fly close to the ground when hunting, using echolocation to detect prey. It weighs about 5 - 9 g and is 35 - 45 mm long. This bat lives in caves, mines, tunnels, cellars and eats small moths, caddisflies, lacewings, beetles, small wasps and spiders.

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It flies close to the ground, rarely more than 5m high. Lesser Horseshoe bat has frequency call at about 110kHz. It lives in colonies include 30 to 70 bats. Mating takes place during autumn, sometimes later. Baby is born mid-June to mid-July, weaned at 6 weeks.

Parti- coloured Bat

Parti- coloured Bat - is a medium sized bat. It weighs about11 - 24 g and is 48 - 64 mm long. It usually lives in woodland and farmland but can also live in towns. It hunts for mosquitoes, caddis flies, and moths. The highest known age is twelve years. The bats hibernate between October and March and can bear temperatures down to -2.6 degrees Celsius. Females during May and July give birth to twins. Its ears, wings and the face are black or dark brown. Its wings are narrow, ears are short, broad and roundish. Next

This system belongs to the largest and most interesting caves in Poland. The cave was once seen as the prettiest Olsztyn in Poland. Currently, although infiltrative robe was completely destroyed it still remains interesting to diversify forms of corridors and the need to use techniques for exploring Cave All Saints.

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We live near Olsztyn, so this cave is the closest to us.

Olsztyńska Cave

The end

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We hope that our presentation brings you shows the importance of this problem.

With best regards

Bibliography

http://thewebsiteofeverything.com/animals/mammals/Chiroptera/Phyllostomidae/Anoura/Anoura-geoffroyi.html

http://thewebsiteofeverything.com/animals/mammals/Chiroptera/Vespertilionidae/Myotis/Myotis-emarginatus.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Horseshoe_Bat

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default/part/ImageData/data/Greater%20Horseshoe%20Bat.jpeg?language=default

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/wildfacts/factfiles/284.shtml

http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wy%C5%BCyna_Krakowsko-Cz%C4%99stochowska

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photo11.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Brown_long-

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lesser_horseshoe.asp

http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mroczek_posrebrzany http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particoloured_bat http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/wear/hi/front_page/newsid_9379000/9379418.stm http://www.naturephoto-cz.com/parti-coloured-

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%C5%81opiankach http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaskinia_Na_

%C5%9Awiniuszce http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaskinia_nad_%C5%B9r

%C3%B3d%C5%82em http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaskinia_Nietoperzowa