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Copyright 2005 by Dialektika Computer Publishing. Original English language edition Copyright 2004 by Wiley Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. This translation published

by arrangement with Wiley Publishing, Inc. For Dummies and Dummies Man are trademarks under exclusive license to Wiley Publishing, Inc. Used by

permission.

ISBN 5-8459-0851-5 (.) ISBN 0-7645-4166-8 (.)

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4. 61

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echo $number; 123 echo $word,$word2; ,! echo $wordl," ",$word2; , ! e c h o $ w o r d l $ w o r d 2 ; ,

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echo "$wordl $word2 "; , !

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echo "Keep the {$type}cage c lean" ; :

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$Reno = 3 60000; $Pasadena = 13 8000; $cityname = "Reno"; echo " $cityname - ${$cityname}"; $cityname = "Pasadena"; echo " $cityname - ${$cityname}";

:

Reno - 360000 Pasadena - 13 8000

, echo . .

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d e f i n e . :

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INTEREST .01: define("INTEREST",.01);

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echo, , echo.

: and echo l i s t as e l s e new break empty or case eval p r i n t c l a s s e x i t r equ i r e const for r e t u r n cont inue foreach switch dec la re function use de fau l t g lobal var d i e i f while do include

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$ r a t e . 1.52, , 19, . , .

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4. 65

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define("US_TO_CA", 1.52); , ,

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p r i n t _ r : print_r(US_TO_CA);

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.) , echo FILE ; :

c:\program f i l e s \ apache g roup \apache \h tdocs \ t e s tva r2 .php . ,

E_ALL E_ERR0R . .

66 II.

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e r r o r _ r e p o r t i n g = E_ALL; d i s p l a y a l l e r r o r s , w a r n i n g s and n o t i c e s ( , )

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p h p . i n i , , . ,

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error_reporting(E_ALL); , php. i n i

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t r i g g e r _ e r r o r ( " I m p o s s i b l e c o n d i t i o n " , E_USER_ERROR); }

i f 7. E_USER_ERROR , .

I m p o s s i b l e c o n d i t i o n , - . , :

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echo " "; e x i t () ,-

} $ h e i g h t _ o f _ d o o r $ h e i g h t _ o f _ h o u ,

e x i t () . .

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e r r o r _ l o g (message , 3 , __) ,-, i f :

i f ( $ h e i g h t _ o f _ d o o r > $ h e i g h t _ o f _ h o u s e ) {

e r r o r _ l o g (" " , 3 , " / t e m p / e r r _ l o g " ) ; e x i t ( ) ;

} , $ h e i g h t _ o f _ d o o r

$ h e i g h t _ o f _ h o u s e , / t e m p / e r r _ l o g . 3

70 II.

. /temp . , .

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var_dump ($myvariable) ,-

5. 73

, $checkvar: var_dump($checkvar) ;

i n t (27), , $checkvar 27.

Padotna f l o a t i n t e g e r .

:

$intvar =3; $floatvar =9.3;

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74 II.

$varl = "2,000"; $var2 = 2; $total = $varl+$var2,-

,

. "2,000" 2, $ t o t a l 4.

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5.1.

+

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. , : $ t o t a l = ( l+2)*3+l;

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5. 75

1 : $counter $counter+l ;

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$counter++; ,

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91, , $number.

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number_f ormat () number_format(, __, "!", "2") :

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$number

12321 12321.66 12321.66 12321.6 12321 12321.66

number_format($number) number_format($number, 2) number_format($number) number_format($number, 3) number_format($number, 0, number_format($number, 2,

12,321 12,321.66 12,322 12,321.600 12.321 12321.66

.

.

p r i n t f () s p r i n t f ( ) .

S p r i n t f () . S s p r i n t f .

p r i n t f () s p r i n t f () , . ,

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5. 77

Parfo/na cfnfiOKcuiu (character) , . (1

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1 2

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$ s t r i n g l = " \\ "; $s t r ing2 = ' \\ ';

5. 79

:

:

\\ ,

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$number = 10 ; $stringl = " '$number' ."; $string2 = ' "$number" .'; echo $stringl, "\n"; echo $string2;

:

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", \.

80 II.

(concatenation). (.). :

$ s t r i n g l = ","; $s t r ing2 = "!"; $ s t r i n g a l l = $ s t r i n g l . $ s t r i n g 2 ; echo $ s t r i n g a l l ;

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$ s t r i n g a l l = $ s t r i n g l . " " . $ s t r i n g 2 ; . =.

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:

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$ s t r i n g = t r i m ( $ s t r i n g ) # $s t r i ng = l t r i m ( $ s t r i n g ) # $ s t r i n g = r t r i m ( $ s t r i n g ) #

s t r_word_count () :

str_word_count("", ) : 1 2. 1

str_word_count () , . 2 , . ( .) , s t r_word_count () . :

$e t r ing " "; $numberOWords = s t r_word_oount ($s t r ing) ;

5. 81

$wordl = s t r_word_count($s t r ing, 1 ) ; $word2 = s t r_word_count($s t r ing, 2 ) ;

:

$numberOfWords = 2 $wordl[0] = $wordl[l] = $word2[0] = $word2[9] =

, 0 ( 1, ivor- ), 9. 6 .

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4 . $number 4, echo

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echo . " " number_f ormat () , . ^ -

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p r i n t f () s p r i n t f () : printf("", $_1, $__2, ...); $newvar = sprintf("", $_1, $_2, ...);

p r i n t f () , s p r i n t f () . , . 5-, $_. , : $newvar = spr in t f (", !");

, ,

! $newvar. , :

--1?nboys = 3 ; $ng i r l s = 2; pr in t f ("%s %s ", $nboys, $ n g i r l s ) ;

82 II.

5.3.

str_repeat("", ) s t r _ r e p l a c e

"") ("", " s t r c h r ( "" , "") s t r i s t r {"", "") s t r l e n ( "") s t r p o s ("", " s t r r c h r {"", "") s t r r e v l "") s t r r p o s {"", "" strtolower ("") strtoupper ("") s t r t r ("", " 1 "2") s u b s t r {"", 1, 2) s u b s t r _ c o u n t {"", "sub") s u b s t r _ r e p l a c e ("S", "", , I) u c f i r s t ( "") ucwords ("")

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s p r i n t ( ) . $money = 30; $pet = "Ki t ten"; $new = sprintfC'It costs $%03.2f for a %s.\n", $money, $pet); $new2 = sprintf("%'.-20s%3.2f", $pet, $money); echo $new; echo $new2;

.

I t cos t s $030.00 for a K i t t e n . Ki t t en 30.00

, $money f- 3.2 f ( ). : , $new $new2. $new $money 0, $new2 .

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. , , : 12 . :i, 1 234.55. echo :

84 II.

12.3 1 234.55

number_f ormat () :

12.30 1.00 234.55

p r i n t f ( ) : p r in t f ( "%5.2f \n" , $numberl); p r in t f ( "%5.2f \n" , $number2); p r in t f ( "%5.2f \n" , $number3);

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timestamp . , .

5. 85

. 5.4

: am ( ) : A M ( ) , 1 1970 , 00:00:00 GMT

am

AM

1056244941

timestamp timestamp

t ime (): $today = t i m e t ) ;

$today = strtotime("today"); timestamp

mktime () . : $importantDate = mktimefh, m, s, mo, d, y); h ; m ; s ; mo ; d ; . , , 15 2004 , :

$importantDate = mktime(0, 0, 0, 1, 15, 2003); timestamp

. ,

: $importantDate = s t r t o t ime(" Janua ry 15 2003");

s t r t o t i m e () . S : 12 . S : 7 . S : yea r (), month (), f o r t n i g h t (

), week (), day (), hour (), minute (), second (), am ( ), ( ).

/ : ago ( ), now (), l a s t (), nex t (); t h i s (), tomorrow (), y e s t e r d a y ().

S "" "". S . S : , gmt (Greenwich Mean Time

) pdt (Pacific Daylight Time ). - . :

$importantDate = s t r to t ime(" tomorrow") ; # 24 $importantDate = s t r to t ime("now + 24 hou r s " ) ; $importantDate = s t r t o t i m e ( " l a s t Sa turday") ; $importantDate = s t r tot ime("8pm + 3 days" ) ; $importantDate = s t r t o t i m e ( " 2 weeks ago") ; # $importantDate = s t r t o t i m e ( " n e x t year gmt"); # $importantDate = s t r t o t i m e (" tomorrow 4am"),-

5. 87

IHO . , $importantDate , "" : $ today ( ). : $timeSpan = $today-$importantDate;

.

:

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88 II.

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$customers " ". :

$customers[2] = " "; $customers[3] = " ";

$customers : " ", " " " ".

- (key/value), .. $arrayname['1'] = !; $arrayname['2 ' ] = 2; $arrayname[' ' ] = ; .. .

(key) (index).

.

$ c u s t o m e r s 1, 2 3. . ,

:

$ c a p ' i t a l s [ '' ] = ""; $ c a p i t a l s [ ' T X ' ] = ""; $ c a p i t a l s [ ' O R ' ] = "";

,

. ; $ s t r e e t s [ ] = ". " ; $ s t r e e t s [ ] = ". "; $ s t r e e t s [ ] = "7 - ";

,

0. , :

echo " $ s t r e e t s [ 0 ] " ; :

.

0, .

1, 0.

$ s t r e e t s = ( " . " , " . ", "7 - ") ; ,

. , , , , [ 12, 0, $ s t r e e t s = a r r a y ( 1 2 => ". " , " . ", " 7 - ") ;

:

$ s t r e e t s [ 1 2 ] = " . " ; $ s t r e e t s [ 1 3 ] = " . "; $ s t r e e t s [ 1 4 ] = " 7 - ",-

. ,

:

$ c a p i t a l s = a r rayC 'CA" => "", "" => "", "OR" => " " ) ) ;

.

.

.

, ,

.

.

,

. :

$ y e a r s = r a n g e ( 2 0 0 1 , 2 0 1 0 ) ; :

90 II.

$years[0] = 2001 $years[l] = 2002

$years[8] = 2009 $years[9] = 2010

$ r e v e r s e _ l e t t e r s = r a n g e ( " z " , " a " ) ; 26 : $ r e v e r s e _ l e t t e r s [ 0 ] = z $ r e v e r s e _ l e t t e r s [ 1 ] = $ r e v e r s e _ l e t t e r s [ 2 4 ] = b $ r e v e r s e _ l e t t e r s [ 2 5 ] = a

: va r_dump () p r i n t _ r ( ) . p r i n t _ r () . $ c u s t o m e r s : p r i n t _ r ( $ c u s t o m e r s ) ;

:

A r r a y (

[1] => [2] => [3] =>

) , .

var_dump ( ) : va r_dump($cus tomer s ) ;

:

a r r a y ( 3 ) { [ 1 ] = > s t r i n g ( 9 ) " " [2]=> s t r i n g ( 9 ) " " [3]=> s t r i n g ( 1 0 ) " "

}

(, ). , , ,

var_dump () : a r r a y ( 2 ) {

["name"]=> s t r i n g ( 9 ) " " ["age"]=> i n t ( 1 2 )

>

i n t . a g e 12.

6. 91

,

. Web p r i n t _ r () var_dump () HTML, .. . ; HTML-, : echo ""; var_dump($customers); echo "";

, .

, . ,

$ c a p i t a l s , : $capitals[''] = " ";

" ",

(Austin) ( ). $ c a p i t a l s : $ c a p i t a l s [ ' R I ' ] = "";

, .

, , :

$customers[1] = $customers[2] = $customers[3] =

$customers[] = " "; $customers : $customers[1] $customers[2] = $customers[3] = $customers[4] =

, :

$customerCopy = $customers;

. , ,

$colors = array("", "", "", "", "")); . ,

. : $colors[3] = "";

$ c o l o r s [3] , . $ c o l o r s , . , -

:

unset($colors[ 3 ] ) ;

92 II.

$co lo r s : $colors[0] = $ c o l o r s [ l ] = $colors[2] = $colors [4] =

, 3 .

, ,

.

, ,

. ,

u n s e t ( $ c o l o r s ) ;

CofitfiufioeKa ,

, .

. . ,

.

. ,

,

s o r t (): sort($_);

. , ,

. , $ s t r e e t s : $streets[0] = ". "; $streets[l] = ". "; $streets[2] = "7- ";

sort($streets); :

$streets[0] = "7- "; $streets[lj = ". "; $streets[2] = ". ";

s o r t () , , .

a s o r t ( ) : a s o r t ( $ c a p i t a l s ) ;

,

. $ c a p i t a l s , : $cap i t a l s [ ' ' ] = ""; $cap i t a l s [ 'TX ' ] = ""; $cap i t a l s [ 'OR ' ] = "";

6. 93

a s o r t ( $ c a p i t a l s ) ; :

$ c a p i t a l s [ ' T X ' ] = "" $cap i t a l s [ ' ' ] = "" $cap i t a l s [ 'OR ' ] = ""

, 1-. .

, . ,

$cap i t a l s [1 ] = ""; $cap i t a l s [2 ] = "",-$cap i t a l s [3 ] = "";

a s o r t () $cap i t a l s [2 ] = "" $ c a p i t a l s [ l ] = "" $cap i t a l s [3 ] = ""

.

. . 6.1 .

6.1.

, 1

,

,

,

, _

( 8) ( ) ;, "" . ,

d a y l , day5 , d a y l l , day2 : d a y l , d a y 2 , d a y s , d a y l l . s o r t () : d a y l , d a y l l , day2, day5

, . ; 1 .

, , , :

$CAcapital = $capitals['']; echo $CAcapital,-

s o r t ($_)

a s o r t ($_)

r s o r t ($_)

a r sor t ($_)

ksor t ($_) k r s o r t ($_) u s o r t ($_, _) n a t s o r t ($_)

94 II.

,

: $CAcapital = $ c a p i t a l s [ ' C A x ' ] ;

$ c a p i t a l s , : Notice: Undefined index: CAx in d: \testarray.php on l i n e 9 (: : d:\testarray.php 9)

. $CAcapital , echo . @: @$CAcapital = $ c a p i t a l s [ ' ' ] ;

echo echo

echo $ c a p i t a l s [ ' ' ] ; :

,

: echo " { $ c a p i t a l s [ ' ' ] } " ;

:

l i s t

. l i s t () . , ,

$shoeInfo = array("", "", 22 .00) ; , p r i n t _ r () :

p r in t_r ($shoeInfo) ; :

Array

[0] => [1] => [ 2 ] = > 22

) l i s t :

l i s t ( $ f i r s t , $second) = $shoeInfo; echo $second, " " , $ f i r s t ;

, $f i r s t $second, $shoeInf , : $ f i r s t = $shoelnfo[0] ; $second = $shoe!n fo [ l ] ;

6. 95

, $shoeInfo, , l i s t () . echo

, .

key (). , $ s h o e I n f o [ ' s t y l e ' ] = "";

echo $shoeInf : $value = $ s h o e I n f o [ ' s t y l e ' ] ; $key = key($shoeInf) ; echo "$key: $value";

:

$value "", - key () $ . , ,

, . ; , .

/ / .

, ,

6. , , .. , (traversing). .

S . ,

*/ f oreach. ; .

.

, .

, .

.

S c u r r e n t (%_). , .

/ next ($_). . S p r e v i o u s ($_). . S end (%_). . S r e s e t ($_). .

,

:

96 II.

$value = current($capitals); echo "$value"; $value = next($capitals); echo "$value"; $value = next($capitals); echo "$value";

,

.

, ,

r e s e t () : r e s e t ( $ c a p i t a l s ) ;

echo ( 50 ). .

.

. , ,

, next, . , ,

, f reach, . .

foreach foreach

. : foreach{$_ as $ => ^) {

; }

foreach . S $_. . f $. ,

. , ..

$. J $. ,

.

, fo reach : $s ta te_popula t ion = a r r ay ("CA" => 34501130,

"WY" => 494423, "OR" => 3472867);

k s o r t ( $ s t a t e _ p o p u l a t i o n ) ; fo reach($s ta te_popula t ion as $ s t a t e => $population)

$population = number_format($population); echo " $ s t a t e : $populat ion.";

> Web- :

: 34,501,130 OR: 3,472,867 WY: 494,423

6. 97

: fo reach($s ta te_popula t ion as $population)

( ) , .

foreach , .. r e s e t ( ) .

Onftec/ //

var_dump () p r i n t _ r () (. " "). .

: count () s i z eo f ( ) . : $n = count($_ ); $n = sizeof($_);

$ .

7Lfie6 [1] => [2] =>

) $ s t r i n g l . , .

$resString = implode("", $);

98 II.

$ r e s S t r i n g , $, . : $ar rayln = array("", "", ""); $str ingOut = implode(" ;" , $ a r r a y l n ) ; echo $s t r ingOut ;

implode () $s t r ingOut . explode (), implode () , . -

, .

:

;; ,

implode ( ) . : $str ingOut = implode("; ", $a r r ay In ) ;

, :

; ;

^ [ ( HaoJoftotn)

,

.

. ,

( 1) . , f o reach .

.

e x t r a c t () compact () . e x t r a c t () , . ,

.

, e x t r a c t () : $testarray = array("pink" => "", "red" => ""); extract($testarray); echo " $red.\n"; echo " $pink.";

:

.

.

compact () . .

:

$colorl = ""; $color2 = ""; $ = ""; $ = "";

6. 99

$arrayln = a r rayC 'a" , "b" ) ; $arrayOut = compact ( "co lo r l " , "color2" , $ a r ray In) ,-

:

$ar rayOut[co lor l ] = $arrayOut[color2] = $arrayOut[a] = $arrayOut[b] =

, .

, compact () - .

S . $ c o l o r l $color2.

S , . $ a r r a y l n $ $. compact () $arrayOut.

. ,

, .

,

, compact ( ) .

. , ,

, .

, .

,

. , , : $subArray = array_sl ice ($, nl, 2) ;

nl , $ (0 , 1 ), 2 . :

$ t e s t a r r a y = array("", "", "", ""); $subArray = a r r a y _ s l i c e ( $ t e s t a r r a y , 1, 2 ) ;

$ subArray [0] => [1] =>

$ t e s t a r r a y 1 .

0, 1, " ", " ".

,

:

$bigArray = array_merge($2, %2, ...);

100 II.

: $arrayl = array("", ""); $array2 = array("", ""); $bigArray = array_merge($arrayl, $array2);

$bigArray: $bigArray[0] = $bigArray[1] = $bigArray[2] = $bigArray[3] =

,

. , ,

. :

$a r ray l = a r r a y ( " c o l o r 1 " => "", "color2" => ""); $array2 = a r r a y ( " c o l o r l " => "", "color3" => ""); $bigArray = array_merge($arrayl , $a r ray2) ;

:

$bigArray[color l ] = $bigArray[color2] = $bigArray[color3] =

" $ 2 ^ . , - a r r a y _ m e r g e _ r e c u r s i v e ( ) , array_merge () . W^iL/ , -^"^ .

" " .

, .

.

$diffArray = array_diff(%1, $2, ...); a r r a y _ d i f f () $di f f Array

$ a r r a y l , $2. . : $arrayl = '" => "", "" => "", "" => ""); $array2 = array("", "", ""); $diffArray = array_diff($arrayl, $array2);

: $diffArray[a] = ;

"" $ a r r a y l , $2, $dif f Array "".

a r r a y _ d i f f () . ,

$diffArray = a r r ay_d i f f ($a r r ay2 , $ a r r a y l ) ; $dif f Array $diffArray[0] = ;

, $2, $ a r r a y l , " ". $dif f Array.

6. 101

, , ,

:

$ d i f f A r r a y = a r r a y _ d i f f _ a s s o c ( $ a r r a y l , $ a r r a y 2 ) ; a r r a y _ d i f f _ a s s o c () ,

, :

$ d i f f A r r a y [ a ] = $ d i f f A r r a y [ b ] = $ d i f f A r r a y [ ] =

$ a r r a y l $ 2 , .

, 1 $s imArray = a r r a y _ i n t e r s e c t ( % 1 , $2, ...);

:

$s imArray = a r r a y _ i n t e r s e c t ( $ a r r a y l , $ a r r a y 2 ) ; $ s i m A r r a y :

$ s imArray [b ] = $ s i m A r r a y [ c ] =

a r r a y _ i n t e r s e c t , . , ,

a r r a y _ i n t e r s e c t _ a s s o c ( ) , : $s imArray = a r r a y _ i n t e r s e c t _ a s s o c ( $ a r r a y l , $ a r r a y 2 ) ;

$ s i m A r r a y $ a r r a y l $ 2 , . , , -

.

Dfiifiue / .

S . S . S .

$sum = a r r a y _ s u m ( $ a r r a y ) ; :

$ar rayAdd = a r r a y ( 3 , 3 , 3 ) ; $sum = a r r a y _ s u m ( $ a r r a y A d d ) ; echo $sum;

9. . , mate 5,

( "") 0.

102 II.

. ,

, .

,

$names = array("", "", "", ""); $names2 = array_unique($names);

$names2 : $names2[0] => $names2[l] => $names2[3] =>

, .

( , ) . , , :

$ t e s t a r r a y [ ' r o s e ' ] = red $ t e s t a r r a y [ ' i r i s ' ] = purple

$arrayFl ipped = a r r a y _ f l i p ( $ t e s t a r r a y ) ; :

$testarray['red'] = rose . . $testarray['purple'] = iris

-.

. ,

, :

S (onion) 0,50; S (apple) 2,50; (orange) 2,00; S (bacon) 3,50; S (potato) 1,00; S (ham) 5,00.

:

$foodPrices['onion'] = 0.50; $foodPrices['apple'] = 2.50; $foodPrices['orange'3 = 2.00; $foodPrices['bacon'] =3.50; ' S f o o d P r i c e s [ ' p o t a t o ' ] = 1.00; $foodPrices[ 'ham'] = 5.00,-

$foodPrices. , 3000 . 3000 , , (onion) (ham).

6. 103

: (vegetable), (fiuit) (meat). , , .

, :

$ f o o d P r i c e s [ ' v e g e t a b l e ' ] [ ' o n i o n ' ] = 0.50; $foodPrices [ ' v e g e t a b l e ' ] [ ' p o t a t o ' ] = 1.00; $ f o o d P r i c e s [ ' f r u i t ' ] [ ' a p p l e ' ] = 2 .50; $ f o o d P r i c e s [ ' f r u i t ' ] [ ' o r a n g e ' ] = 2 .00; $ f o o d P r i c e s [ ' m e a t ' ] [ ' b a c o n ' ] = 3.50; $ foodPr i ces [ 'mea t ' ] [ ' ham ' ] = 5.00;

(multidimensional), . . 6.1 $f oodPr ices . ;;, $f oodPrices -. >- vegetable , f r u i t meat . , meat -: bacon-3 . 5 0 ham-5 .00.

$foodPrices

vegetab le

f r u i t

meat

onion po ta to orange apple bacon ham

0,50 1,00 2,00 2,50 3,50 5,00

. 6. /. $foodPrices -

$f oodPr ices . -, -, .

.

, .

, :

$ f o o d P r i c e s [ ' v e g e t a b l e ' ] [ ' p o t a t o ' ] = 1.00; $ f o o d P r i c e s [ ' f r u i t ' ] [ ' a p p l e ' ] = 2 .50;

:

t r a n s p o r t a t i o n [ ' c a r ' ] [ ] = ""; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n [ ' c a r ' ] [ ] = "";

, 0: t r a n s p o r t a t i o n [ c a r ] [ 0 ] = ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n [ ] [ 1 ] = ;

a r ray : $foodPrices = array(

"vegetable" > array("potato" =>1.00, "onion" => .50), "fruit" => array("apple" => 2.50, "orange" -> 2.00));

104 II.

, $foodPrices vege tab le f r u i t array. , . :

$ foodPr ices [vege tab le ] [po ta to] = 1.00 $foodPrices[vegetable] [onion] = .50 $ foodPr i ce s [ f ru i t ] [ app le ] = 2.50 $ foodPr ices [ f ru i t ] [o range] = 2.00

, , p r i n t _ r () var_dump () . : ar ray(2) {

["vegetable"] => a r ray (2 ){

["potato"] => f l o a t ( l ) ["onion"] => f l o a t ( 0 . 5 )

} [ " f ru i t " ] => a r ray (2 ){

["apple"] => f l o a t ( 2 . 5 ) ["orange"] => f loa t (2 )

} }

, .

v e g e t a b l e f l o a t p o t a t o onion 1 0 . 5 . f r u i t .

, . ,

:

$hamPrice = $foodPrices['meat']['ham']; echo:

echo $ f o o d P r i c e s [ ' m e a t ' ] [ ' h a m ' ] ; ,

. $ ( ) : echo " \ $ { $ f o o d P r i c e s [ ' m e a t ' ] [ ' h a m ' ] } " ;

, $ \ . , $ , . :

$5

( ),

6. 105

.

, .

, . , ,

implode () , . , . ,

, : $ resS t r ing = implode(" :" , $ f o o d P r i c e s [ ' v e g e t a b l e ' ] ) ;

$f oodPr ices [ ' v e g e t a b l e ' ] , - ": ".

implode () , : 1: 0.5

1 0.5 $ f oodPr ices [ ' v e g e t a b l e ' ] p o t a t o onion , , implode () .

f oreach ( . ). , $f oodPrices, , f oreach: . ( (nesting).)

.

foreach ($foodPrices as $category ) {

foreach ($category as $food =>$price ) {

$f_price =sp r in t f ( "%01 .2 f " ,$p r i ce ) ; echo "$food: \$$f_price \ n " ;

} }

: onion: $0.50 p o t a t o : $1.00 apple : $2.50 orange: $2.00 bacon: $3.50 ham: $5.00

, f oreach.

1. - $ f oodPrices, $ca tegory ( ).

2. $category: $f ood, $pr ice .

3. $ p r i c e . 4. . 5. $category . 6. $ p r i c e ,

.

106 II.

7. $ c a t e g o r y f oreach.

8. $foodPr ices f oreach, $category.

9. 1-8 , $category. , f oreach.

, f o reach v e g e t a b l e -, $category. , f oreach $ca tegory . f oreach, - $f oodPr ices , .. .

, PHJ* ,

. .

, (, ) $_SERVER. , $_SERVER [' PHP_SELF' ] .

.

4.1.0 (superglobal) (autoglobals), , . ( 8.) , $HTTP_SERVER_VARS, , ( 8). ,

(_). , 4.1.0 .

php. i n i , 5, .

,

. php. i n i : r eg i s t e r_ long_a r r ays = On

On. , Of f.

On, , Off. , , , $HTTP_GET_VARS, php. i n i , . Off, , .

6. 107

. 6.2.

. , , ,

10.

6.2.

$GLOBALS

$_POST

$HTTP_POST_VARS $_GET

$HTTP_GET_VARS $_COOKIE $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS $_SESSION $HTTP_SESSION_VARS

$_REQUEST

$_FILES $HTTP_FILES_VARS $_SERVER

$HTTP_SERVER_VARS $_ENV

$HTTP_ENV_VARS

. ,

$ t e s t v a r 1, : $ G L O B A L S [ ' t e s t v a r ' ] , P O S , V method = "post" , $_POST , i URL-, , ;. GET: method = "get" , $_GET cookie

, $_COOKIE

, $ _ S E S S I O N , $ _ P O S T , $_GETH$SESSION ^

, $ _ F I L E S . Web- ,

, $_SERVER : , , . ,

, $_ENV

$_SERVER $_ENV $_SERVER $_ENV

. , ,

foreach($_SERVER as $key => $value) {

echo " = $key, = $value\n" ; }

:

Kni04=DOCTJMENT_ROOT, =:/program f i l e s / a p a c h e group/apache/htdocs

Knio4=PHP_SELF, 3Ha4eHHe=/test .php

108 II.

DOCUMENT_ROOT , Web- Apache Web-. PHP_SELF , .

$_ENV phpinf () 16: phpinf(16) ;

,

t r a c k - v a r s . 4.0.3, , .

. , t r a c k - v a r s , phpinf () . , , .

$argv $argc .

.

Web , CLI . , , , ,

. : php add.php 2 3

add. php , 2 3 , . , $argv. :

$argv[0] = add.php $argv[ l ] = 2 $argv[2] = 3

, $argv , :

$sum = $argv[l]+$argv[2]; echo $sum;

5 $argc.

$argv. $argc 1, . 3.

6. 109

III

PHP

&^ 9 ^, ^

3 / ! ,

,

. ,

. ,

-.

7

3 ... >

>

>

>

> i f >

>

HP- . , .

. ,

,

,

echo. ,

, .

// , /&

, , .

:

$ = " "; echo $; $ = " "; echo $a; ,

,

, :

$ = " "; echo $a; $ " "; echo $a;

,

, .. ,

. , :

i f ( ) {

$ = ;

?

echo $a; } or else if ( ) {

$a = ; echo $a,-

} ,

, .

, .

S . - .

, ,

, , -

. (conditional statement). .'HP i f switch.

S . . , .

, : ,

.

. , .[ , (loop). for, whi le do. . while.

:- , .. , .

. , >, . : , . , -

, .

, .

Jlfioeefitca (condition) , :

. , ,

.

. .

S ? , ? 15- ?

S ? , (>? ?

S ? ? ?

, .

. , ? , ? , ?

114 III. P\iP

, (. 7.1). 7.1.

== ? === , ? > , ? >= , ? < , ? = 1000000 , ,

(==). (=). . , i f ($weather = "") $weather "", , .

: TRUE () FALSE (). : $ == $

, , $ = 1 $ = 1, , $ = 1 $ = 2 .

(!). : $ ! = 21

7. 115

, $ 21.

() . - . ,

26 . . ,

. . 7.2 , .

7.2. ,

$

?

( )

[ ]

[ ]

-

,

,

,

"

$

ger?m

g ( e r ) m

g [ e r ] m

g [ A e r ] m

g [ a - c ] m

,

,

germ, gem

germ

gem, grm

gym, gum

gam, gbm, gem

He

, 2

geam

Gem, grem

germ, g e l

gem, grem, germ

gdm, gxm, g a l

{}

( )

,

bldg[l- b ldg l l l , bldgl32 bldg, bldg555 3] +

in1,n2) ()

\ ( | I )

ge*m

ge{5}m

{ 2 , 5 }

g\*m

(|)

gm, geeem

g e e e e e m

aa, a a a , a a a a , 1 4 5 a a a a a g*m

germ, grm

geeeem, g e e e e e e m

1, a3

gem, g e r m

,

. ,

(TRUE). , .

7. 117

1 [--] . *

, , .

S [--]. , ( , ).

S .*. , .

: , . , 123 ?, .

2 (|)

.

S . . S ( | ). , .

(| ) .

, , .

3 [0 -9 ]{5} ( \ - [0 -9 ]{4 ) ) ?$

.

S [ 0 - 9 ] {5}. , . S \~. (\) , (-)

, .

S [ 0 - 9 ] {4}. , < [>. / ( ) ?.

, .

S $. ($) (.. ).

90001 90002-4323. , 9001 12-4321, .

4

. + @ . + \ . $ ,

.com. , . - .

S . +. , @.

S @. , , (\).

S .+. , .

118 III. PriP

S \ .. \ , (.) .

S com$. , com.

you@yourcompany.com j ohndoeSsomedomain.com.

, you@yourcompany. net , you@. com @you. com, .

e r e g ( ) . :

ereg("", ); , ,

, $name ( ) : ereg("[-- 1 - ]+$" , $name)

.

/ $ . , .

S . , ,

.

(, -). , . , ,

, ..

, .

S "". , ,

, .

. ,

, .

, .

. : 1 and |o r | 2 and |o r | and | o r | . . .

( ). S and ( ). , . S o r ( ). ,

.

*/ ( ). , , .

7. 119

. 7.3 , .

7.3. , ...

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