Ⅰ Overview Ⅱ Swimming Modes

1. Fin modes 2. Body trunk mode

Ⅲ Drag Forces and Body Design 1. Drag forces 2. Swimming at constant speed 3. Active, pelagic species 4. Cost of swimming 5. Fast-start performance 6. Swimming specialist and generalists

Ⅳ Swimming Muscle and Tail Beat Frequencies Ⅴ Muscle Structure and Fibre Types

1. Red muscle 2. White muscle 3. Fibre contraction properties 4. Muscle fibre arrangements

Ⅵ Swimming Activity

Swimming and Movement through the Water

Ⅶ Energetics of Swimming 1. Physiological changes during burst swimming 2. Oxygen debt 3. Aenobic and anaerobic capacity amony species 4. Environmental effects on swimming performance

Ⅷ Buoyancy and Swim Bladder 1. Neutral buoyancy 2. Size 3. Gas exchange

a. gas retention b. gas secretion and resorption c. gas retention at great depth

Ⅸ Static and Dynamic Lift Ⅹ Fin Position vs. Steering and Breaking

1. Braking 2. Steering

Ⅺ Conclusion

Swimming and Movement through the Water

Ⅰ Overview

Ⅱ Swimming Modes 1. Fin modes 2. Body trunk mode

Ⅲ Drag Forces and Body Design 1. Drag forces

3. Active, pelagic species

Ⅲ Drag Forces and Body Design 2. Swimming at constant speed

4. Cost of swimming Ⅲ Drag Forces and Body Design

Ⅳ Swimming Muscle and Tail Beat Frequencies

Ⅴ Muscle Structure and Fibre Types 1. Red muscle

Ⅲ Drag Forces and Body Design 5. Fast-start performance 6. Swimming specialist and generalists

2. White muscle

3. Fibre contraction properties Ⅴ Muscle Structure and Fibre Types

Ⅵ Swimming Activity Ⅶ Energetics ofSwimming

1. Physiological changes during burst swimming 2. Oxygen debt

2. Oxygen debt

Ⅵ Swimming Activity

3. Aerobic and Anaerobic capacity among species

4. Environmental effects on metabolism and swimming performance

1. Neutral buoyancy

Ⅷ Buoyancy and Swim Bladder

2. Swim bladder size

Ⅷ Buoyancy and Swim Bladder2. Swim bladder size

Ⅷ Buoyancy and Swim Bladder 3. Gas exchange

3. Gas exchange a. gas retention

Ⅷ Buoyancy and Swim Bladder

b. gas secretion and resorption

c. gas retention at great depth

Ⅸ Static and Dynamic Lift

Ⅹ Fin Position vs. Steering and Breaking

1. Braking 2. Steering

Ⅺ Ecormorphology and Swimming Performance