© OUP: To be used solely in purchasers school or college 9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds Useful metals Metals and metal compounds 9E Reactions

© OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds

Useful metals

Metals and metal compounds


Salts



Useful metals


We use metals for bridges and cars, for jewellery, and even inside our bodies. What’s so special about metals?

9E Properties of metals

Complete the table. Answer ‘yes’ or ‘no’.

Give three more properties of metals.

property typical of metals?

good conductor of heat

poor conductor of electricity

shiny surface

can be beaten into flat sheets

does not react with oxygen

gas at room temperature

yes

no

yes

yesno

no


9E Which metal?

There are lots of metals, all slightly different.How do we choose which metal to use for which job?

Match up the properties with the way we use each metal.

use1 titanium for artificial hip joints

2 copper in electrical circuits

3 gold for jewellery

4 lead for weights

property of metalA has a high density

B shiny and unreactive, so it does not tarnish

C very light and strong, and unreactive

D cheap and a good conductor of electricity

property of metalC very light and strong, and unreactive

D cheap and a good conductor of electricity

B shiny and unreactive, so it does not tarnish

A has a high density


Read all about it!

9E Odd ones out

There is something odd about these substances. What is it?

Mercury: a liquid metal that conducts heat and electricity well. It is very dense and was used during the Spanish Inquisition to kill people. Victims were forced to swallow mercury which is very poisonous.

Graphite: a black powder that conducts electricity. It feels quite slippery and is used in pencils. A stick of graphite leaves a smear on a rough surface like paper as it passes over it. But is it a metal?


Metals and metal compounds



9E I’ll name that gas in...

Many metals react with acids to produce a gas.But which gas is it?

CLUE 1Think about the formulae for acids: sulphuric acid H2SO4, hydrochloric acid HCl, nitric acid HNO3.

CLUE 2The gas burns with a popping sound.

CLUE 3The gas is not oxygen.

And the gas is...

Hydrogen!


How do metals react with acids? Complete this equation.

9E Metals and acids

metal + hydrochloric acid ? ?+

Write a word equation for each metal with hydrochloric acid:

What evidence would tell you this reaction has occurred?

calcium magnesium zinc iron lead copper silver


9E More metals, more acids

Metals react with acids to produce a salt and hydrogen.

Which salts would be made here?

Write a word equation for the reaction of magnesium with nitric acid.

metal salt produced in hydrochloric acid

salt produced in sulphuric acid

magnesium

zinc

iron

magnesium chloride

zinc chloride

iron chloride

magnesium sulphate

zinc sulphate

iron sulphate


9E What happens to the atoms?

In any chemical reaction the atoms are rearranged.Metals react with acids like this.

Hydrogen bubbles appear because hydrogen atoms leave the acid and pair up to form hydrogen molecules.

zinc + sulphuric acid

Zn + H2SO4

+

zinc sulphate + hydrogen

ZnSO4 + H2

+

zinc + hydrochloric acid

Zn + 2HCl

+

zinc chloride + hydrogen

ZnCl2 + H2

+


9E I’ll name that gas in...

Metal carbonates react with acids to produce a gas.But which gas is it?

CLUE 1The formulae for carbonates: sodium carbonate Na2CO3,

copper carbonate CuCO3,zinc carbonate ZnCO3.

CLUE 2The gas puts out a burning spill.

CLUE 3The gas is not hydrogen.And the gas is...Carbon dioxide!


9E Acids and metal carbonates

There’s another way of proving that the gas given off is carbon dioxide.What will happen to the limewater?


Metal carbonates react with acids.

9E Acids and metal carbonates

metal carbonate + acid salt + water + carbon dioxide

This reaction has helped to shape our landscape. It has formed huge caves out of solid rock, with stalactites and stalagmites.

Calcium carbonate (limestone) is insoluble. When it reacts with acidic rainwater, a soluble salt is formed. The rock wears away.

Write a word equation for the reaction of calcium carbonate with nitric acid.



When a metal carbonate reacts with an acid, the atoms are rearranged.

Where did the carbon dioxide molecules come from?How was the water formed?

magnesiumcarbonate

+ sulphuric acid

+

+

MgCO3 H2SO4

magnesiumsulphate

+

+

+MgSO4 CO2 H2O+

+

carbon dioxide

water+sodium

carbonatenitricacid+

+Na2CO3 2HNO3

+

sodiumnitrate

carbondioxide

+ +

+

+

+

+

water

2NaNO3 CO2 H2O


9E What, no gas?

The reaction between a metal oxide and an acid does not produce a gas. What does it produce?

CLUE 1The formula for iron oxide is FeO, and the formula for sulphuric acid is H2SO4.

CLUE 2The salt formed when they react is iron sulphate, formula FeSO4. What else is left over?

CLUE 3There is no clue 3!And the answer is…When sulphuric acid reacts with iron oxide it produces iron sulphate and water.


9E Acids and metal oxides

How does copper oxide react with sulphuric acid?

copper oxide + sulphuric acid copper sulphate + water



When a metal oxide reacts with an acid, the atoms are rearranged.

Write a general word equation for this reaction.

copper sulphate + water

CuSO4 + H2O

+

copper oxide + sulphuric acidCuO + H2SO4

+

water

H2O

+

+

+

MgCl2

magnesiumchloride

magnesiumoxide

hydrochloric acid

MgO 2HCl

+

+

+

How was the water formed?


Salts



What does the word salt mean to you?

9E Salt with everything?

Chemists use the word salt to mean...

a compound that is made when a metal replaces the hydrogen in an acid.

Which acid would you use to make these salts?

metal + acid salt

potassium potassium chloride

sodium sodium sulphate

calcium calcium nitrate

hydrochloric acid

sulphuric acid

nitric acid


Lots of different reactions make salts.Here are three examples to complete.

9E Yet more salts!

metal + acid salt + ?

metal oxide + acid salt + ?

metal carbonate + acid salt + ? + ?


9E Name that salt

Remember that a salt is an acid with its hydrogen replaced by a metal. How many salts can you name?

Name as many salts as you can remember (or make up!) in two minutes.

Salts are very useful chemicals. We use them to flavour our foods, fertilise our crops, and even as antiseptics.


9E How many did you get?

These are just some of the salts you might have named...

the chlorides (potassium chloride, sodium chloride…)

the nitrates (lead nitrate, zinc nitrate…)

the sulphates (magnesium sulphate, calcium sulphate…)

Check your score!

under 5 don’t give up the day job!

5–10 not bad

11–15 good

16–20 very good

20+ wow! you’re super salty!


Which formula belongs with which salt?

9E Names and formulae

CuCl2 AlCl3 KNO3

NaCl ZnSO4

KNO3

NaCl

potassium chloride

aluminium chloride

zinc sulphate

copper chloride

sodium chloride

AlCl3ZnSO4

CuCl2


1. Which of these are all metals?

a) graphite, copper and lead

b) magnesium, calcium and marble

c) copper, magnesium and iron.

2. Which gas is given off when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid?

a) carbon dioxide

b) hydrogen

c) none.

9E Quiz


3. Which gas is given off when a metal oxide reacts with an acid?

a) carbon dioxide

b) hydrogen

c) none.

4. Which gas is given off when a metal reacts with an acid?

a) carbon dioxide

b) hydrogen

c) none.

9E Quiz

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© OUP: To be used solely in purchasers school or college 9E Reactions of metals and metal compounds Useful metals Metals and metal compounds 9E Reactions