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Oral cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Small Intestine
Large intestine
Rectum & Anal canal
ACCESSORY ORGANS Salivary glands Liver Pancreas Biliary tract Spleen
Vestibule – between gums and cheek
Oral cavity proper – within teeth
Hard and Soft palate
Uvula
Palatine tonsil
Attached to hyoid bone in its base
Anteriorly – Frenulum
Blood supply – Lingual Artery
Nerve supply Anterior 2/3 : Taste – Facial (VII) Sensory –
Lingual (V) Posterior 1/3 : Taste & Sensory –
Glossopharyngeal (IX) Motor for tongue muscles – Hypoglossal (XII)
JAW INCISORS CANINE PREMOLARS
MOLARS TOTAL
DECIDUOUS TEETH
8 4 - 8 20PERMANENT TEETH
8 4 8 12 32
Teeth are embedded in sockets of mandible
In children – Deciduous teeth – begins at 6 months
In Adults – Permanent teeth – begins at 6 years
3 Major salivary glands1. Parotid 2. Submandibular3. Sublingual
FUNCTION Digestion Lubrication Defence Taste
Divided into 3 parts
Nasopharynx ▪ Respiration
Oropharynx ▪ Swallowing &
respiration
Laryngopharynx ▪ Respiration
25 cm - behind trachea
Continuous with oropharynx
Passes through diaphragm at T10 level
Esophageal sphincter Upper – cricopharynx Lower – Physiological
(prevent reflux)
Abdomen is divided into 9 quadrants
Vertical plane Mid clavicular
Horizontal planes Transpyloric Transtubercular
J shaped
Location Epigastric Umbilical Left hypochondriac
PARTS (See diagram )
Blood supply Gastric A. Gastroepiploic A.
Little over 5 meters
Divided into Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
25 cms
Curves around head of pancreas
4 parts
Duodenal papilla Secretions from bile
duct & pancreas
JEJUNUM 2 meters
ILEUM 3 meters Ends in ileocecal
valve
Presence of Permanent circular
folds Villi Peyer’s patches
1.5 meters long
Divided into Caecum & appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon
Presence of Taenia coli Appendices
epiploicae Haustrations
RECTUM Continuous with
sigmoid colon Dilated segment
ANAL CANAL 3.8 cm Controlled by
sphincters▪ Internal – involuntary▪ External – voluntary
Divided into Head Neck Body Tail
Location Epigastric Left hypochondrium
Major and minor pancreatic duct
Major duct joins with common biliary duct and opens into duodenal papillae
Largest gland
Location Right hypochondrium Epigastrium Left hypochondrium
Lobes Right / Left Caudate / Quadrate
Portal fissure Portal vein Hepatic artery Hepatic duct
Pear shape
Posterior surface of liver
Parts Fundus Body Cystic duct
Location Left hypochondrium
Blood supply Splenic Artery
Functions Storage of blood Destruction of old
cells Contains lymphocytes Hemopoiesis