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Not refute, psychoanalyze: sick, self-hate• Original sin, natural man as enemy of God• And powerless—self-designed cage• Christianity lies—self deception
God sin heaven and soul Deceptive hatred of life/self
Culprit Greco-Roman St. Paul (Socrates)• Hatred of “flesh” v Christ the evangel• Last Christian died on cross
No god, heaven or soul• Suffering v sin
Honest about renounce life and seek nothing• Nihilism—value nothing
So not powerless—we can achieve our goal• Promises Nothing(ness) & delivers
V Christianity
Tricks of grammar and manufacture realities
Can’t get rid of God b/c still believe in grammar• Ontological argument and Parmenides
“being” Creating a “real world” Denigrate apparent one
• Descartes and “self” (soul)
Rationalism structure: real apparent• Reason v feeling, mind/body, eternal soul
Experience as a dream, illusion, phenomenon Buddhism as heresy in Hinduism
• Rejects ego and tied up with nirvana mystery Some kind of extinction
4 noble truths—Nietzsche take—honest • Decadent—renunciation of life, power, desire• But does have a plan—with a twist—paradox
Quiz on paradox of desire
No more rebirths = no more suffering• Escape from samsara—cycle of lives
Grow with political support•Chosen for self-sacrifice and altruism
Typical results of orthodoxy•Schisms, councils, declarations of heresy
Major schism•Mahayana and Theravada (Hinayana)
Hinayana—small vehicle v great vehicle 乘•How many can be saved? •Represented as deeper insightBuddha story: impurity or everyone
Metaphysical issue•Boddhisattva v arhat ideal•Historical Buddha and Buddha nature 如來
Only Mahayana succeed Exciting new ideas and concepts
•Puzzling and "foreign" Timing at the end of the Han dynasty Boredom with Han superstitious cosmology Neo-Daoism, Yi-ching, and what? (like today?)玄學 Dark learning, metaphysics, 清談 pure conversation about non-being/nirvana
Serious handicap in Buddha story•Consider Confucian reaction
Prediction at divine birth—father wants political fulfillment
Discovers suffering, abandons political/familial responsibility•Seeks his own release from sufferingEgoistic! (If Nietzsche likes it, how could Confucius?)
•Enlightened and still needs moral persuasion to share the insight?
Motivates the bodhisattva ideal Desire for nirvana prevents entry
into nirvana•Last desire to be conquered•No one worthy would ever choose to enter nirvana
Returns to help others achieve•Zen wrinkle—Why make it the last?Reject real/apparent world (Nirvana/samsara)
Changes accomplishment another way•Desires to insight•Some realization, point of view, insight that accounts for achievement
•Intellectualizes Buddhism Yogacara and Madyamika
Idealist—negative• Only illusions, no reality
If self is an illusion, the only global enlightenment has any significance
Time slices of world consciousness Karmic role of desires
• Desire for this perception (the ego) to continue to next moment
• Explains coherence of ideas 唯 心 (Consciousness only) to 華 嚴 (Hua
Yen)
More popular in China: contradiction and silence•Paradox and Daoism•Spread as part of 玄學 (Dark learning)
•Buddha nature neither exists 有nor does not exist 無 , nor both, nor neither, nor Daoist puzzles about 有 無
"Being" school. Flip side of Yogacara
Only Buddha nature is real•Everything else is an illusion/unreal If there are illusions, they are real (Buddha consciousness)
There are no illusions Early tendencies to Chan
•Even untouchables can be saved
Hui Neng 慧能 and the Platform Sutra 六 祖壇 經
Illiterate woodcutter becomes 6th patriarch• No words and easy enlightenment Southern barbarian(?)
Poem story: no dust to wipe from the mirror• No illusions to dispel• Kyoto Stories
Pounds rice, carries wood Enlightened before he went to the
temple Leaves monastery to return to
Gwangdong mountains! •Throws away the robe signifying status
Cultural revolution against Buddhism•Foreign, too intellectualized v practical native philosophies
•Egalitarian tendencies Southern movement
•Internal reform of Buddhism along Daoist lines
•Shift of center of Chinese intellectual culture
Shen Hui the real influence•Vanquished Shen Xiu and Northern 禪 Chan
Sudden v. gradual enlightenment•Cultivation to some goal v•Give up the goal!
Exile and triumphant return Story-telling skills Politics and money Authorship of the sutra
• Daoist Wang Wei hypothesis