18.1 TAXONOMY

TAXONOMY Naming and grouping organisms

according to characteristics and evolutionary history

Aristotle-first classification systemPlant or animal group

Plants-stem type animals-where they live

Used common names Problems with this?

CAROLUS LINNAEUS Grouped organisms by structure and

form (morphology) Created a system of hierarchy Used taxon groups

General group-lots of organisms

Specific group/not many organisms

King Phillip came Over for greatspaghetti

Can produce fertile offspring

Great way to remember order!

HOW DO I REMEMBER DEFINITIONS FOR EACH WORD?

Use the level after the word: Example-phylum is a group of similar classes

Family is a group of genuses

HUMAN GROUPING SYSTEMYOU NEED TO WRITE THIS! Kingdom-Animalia Phylum-Chordata Class-Mammalia Order-primate Family-Hominidae Genus-Homo Species-Sapiens

BINOMIAL NOMECLATURE 2 word naming system Latin or Greek 1st name-genus; capitalized; can be

abbreviatedHomo sapiens= H. sapiens

2nd name-species; lowercase Must underline or italics

18.2 NOTES

PHYLOGENY Definition: Evolutionary relationships

amongst organisms Form of evolutionary classification Create a phylogenetic tree

More like a hypothesisCan change

HOW DO WE CLASSIFY OR PLACE ON TREE? Fossil record Embryology Structure and form DNA and proteins

CLADISTICS Identifies and looks at only those

characteristics that have arised in lineages over timeHumans: walking upright

Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage and not in older members-derived characteristics

Use to construct a cladogramShows relationshipsHelp understand independent evolution

DISCUSS AT YOUR TABLE What is the connection between

evolution and classification?

How does genetics and protein synthesis connect with these two?